<s>
The	O
Technical	B-Protocol
Center	I-Protocol
of	I-Protocol
Internet	I-Protocol
(	O
,	O
TCI	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
organization	O
engaged	O
in	O
technical	B-General_Concept
support	I-General_Concept
of	O
Russian	O
national	O
domains	O
.ru	B-General_Concept
,	O
.рф	O
,	O
and	O
.su	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	B-General_Concept
supports	I-General_Concept
the	O
DNS	B-Protocol
infrastructure	O
of	O
the	O
Russian	O
segment	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TCI	O
was	O
founded	O
in	O
2009	O
by	O
two	O
Russian	O
registries	O
–	O
ANO	O
“	O
The	O
Coordination	O
Center	O
for	O
TLD	O
RU	O
”	O
and	O
the	O
Foundation	O
for	O
Internet	O
Development	O
(	O
FID	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
administrators	O
of	O
the	O
top-level	O
domains	O
.ru	B-General_Concept
(	O
until	O
2018	O
)	O
,	O
.рф	O
,	O
and	O
.su	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
creation	O
was	O
primarily	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
accelerating	O
growth	O
rate	O
of	O
domain	O
names	O
in	O
domains	O
.ru	B-General_Concept
and	O
.su	O
over	O
the	O
last	O
2	O
years	O
and	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
yet	O
another	O
national	O
domain	O
.РФ	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TCI	O
concludes	O
service	O
contracts	O
with	O
the	O
registrars	O
and	O
provides	O
them	O
with	O
services	O
on	O
technical	B-General_Concept
support	I-General_Concept
of	O
the	O
Main	O
Register	O
by	O
signing	O
license	O
agreements	O
with	O
the	O
Coordination	O
Center	O
and	O
the	O
FID	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
key	O
element	O
and	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
critical	O
infrastructure	O
of	O
the	O
Russian	O
segment	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
the	O
TCI	O
,	O
supported	O
by	O
its	O
DNS	B-Protocol
node	O
system	O
,	O
represent	O
an	O
independent	O
entity	O
ensuring	O
equal	O
access	O
of	O
the	O
accredited	O
registrars	O
to	O
the	O
Main	O
Register	O
and	O
the	O
addressing	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TCI	O
took	O
over	O
the	O
technical	B-General_Concept
support	I-General_Concept
of	O
the	O
Russian	O
national	O
domains	O
,	O
which	O
until	O
recently	O
had	O
been	O
under	O
the	O
Russian	O
Institute	O
for	O
Public	O
Networks’	O
(	O
RIPN	O
)	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Delegation	O
of	O
zone	O
.ru	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
centralized	O
registration	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
list	O
of	O
domains	O
,	O
which	O
consisted	O
of	O
geographical	O
domains	O
and	O
prototypes	B-Application
of	O
the	O
generic	O
domains	O
:	O
com.ru,	O
edu.ru,	O
gov.ru,	O
among	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
RIPN	O
turned	O
to	O
the	O
technical	B-General_Concept
support	I-General_Concept
of	O
the	O
Russian	O
segment	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
registration	O
of	O
second-level	O
domains	O
in	O
zone	O
.ru	B-General_Concept
,	O
while	O
specially	O
created	O
Steering	O
Group	O
was	O
busy	O
developing	O
the	O
operational	O
provisions	O
for	O
this	O
zone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
network	O
boasted	O
of	O
Russian	O
news	O
sites	O
,	O
electronic	O
libraries	O
,	O
search	B-Application
engines	I-Application
,	O
and	O
sites	O
of	O
commercial	O
companies	O
with	O
very	O
different	O
specialization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Steering	O
Group	O
's	O
decision	O
in	O
1999	O
to	O
change	O
the	O
scheme	O
of	O
domain	B-Protocol
registration	I-Protocol
in	O
zone	O
.ru	B-General_Concept
and	O
creation	O
of	O
the	O
Institute	O
of	O
independent	O
registrars	O
:	O
while	O
remaining	O
the	O
technical	O
center	O
of	O
the	O
Russian	O
top	O
level	O
national	O
domain	O
.ru	B-General_Concept
the	O
RIPN	O
,	O
transferred	O
its	O
functions	O
of	O
domains	O
registration	O
to	O
independent	O
companies	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
professionally	O
engaged	O
in	O
domain	O
names	O
registration	O
in	O
zone	O
.ru	B-General_Concept
and	O
competed	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
but	O
enjoyed	O
an	O
equal	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
Registry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2002	O
,	O
after	O
almost	O
10	O
years	O
in	O
existence	O
,	O
the	O
Steering	O
Group	O
disbanded	O
and	O
transferred	O
its	O
functions	O
to	O
an	O
independent	O
non-profit	O
organization	O
the	O
Coordination	O
Center	O
for	O
TLD	O
RU	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
to	O
undertake	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
terms	O
and	O
conditions	O
and	O
organization	O
of	O
all	O
activities	O
in	O
domain	O
.ru	B-General_Concept
already	O
on	O
a	O
professional	O
basis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
quite	O
a	O
long	O
time	O
the	O
RIPN	O
continued	O
to	O
serve	O
as	O
the	O
technical	B-General_Concept
support	I-General_Concept
of	O
Russian	O
national	O
domains	O
,	O
but	O
by	O
2009	O
the	O
Internet	O
in	O
Russia	O
developed	O
into	O
a	O
structure	O
far	O
too	O
big	O
for	O
the	O
RIPN	O
to	O
manage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Cyrillic	O
domain	O
.РФ	O
was	O
launched	O
,	O
which	O
required	O
technical	B-General_Concept
support	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
ANO	O
Coordination	O
Center	O
for	O
TLD	O
RU	O
and	O
the	O
Foundation	O
for	O
Internet	O
Development	O
(	O
FID	O
)	O
decided	O
to	O
create	O
the	O
Technical	B-Protocol
Center	I-Protocol
of	I-Protocol
Internet	I-Protocol
as	O
an	O
organization	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
focus	O
entirely	O
on	O
the	O
technical	B-General_Concept
support	I-General_Concept
of	O
the	O
Russian	O
domain	O
space	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2018	O
,	O
the	O
Coordinating	O
Center	O
of	O
the	O
national	O
.ru	B-General_Concept
domain	O
transferred	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
domain	O
registry	O
operator	O
to	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
Rostelecom	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TCI	O
manages	O
the	O
automatic	O
electronic	O
system	O
of	O
registration	O
and	O
administration	O
of	O
domains	O
.ru	B-General_Concept
,	O
.su	O
,	O
.рф	O
and	O
technical	O
means	O
needed	O
to	O
provide	O
primary	O
service	O
for	O
these	O
domains’	O
DNS	B-Protocol
servers	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
network	O
of	O
DNS	B-Protocol
nameservers	B-Protocol
for	O
the	O
allocation	O
of	O
second-level	O
domain	O
zones	O
is	O
located	O
not	O
only	O
in	O
Russia	O
but	O
worldwide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
operability	O
,	O
by	O
a	O
contract	O
with	O
the	O
TCI	O
,	O
is	O
ensured	O
by	O
the	O
operator	O
of	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
regional	O
Internet	B-Architecture
Exchange	I-Architecture
Points	I-Architecture
(	O
IXes	O
)	O
–	O
MSK-IX	O
,	O
which	O
also	O
connects	O
to	O
the	O
Internet	O
and	O
ensures	O
external	O
network	O
protection	O
of	O
software	O
and	O
hardware	O
complex	O
of	O
the	O
RU/РФ/SU	O
registration	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
TCI	O
node	O
incorporates	O
an	O
automatic	O
electronic	O
system	O
of	O
registration	O
and	O
administration	O
of	O
domains	O
,	O
primarily	O
DNS	B-Protocol
and	O
applied	O
nameservers	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
's	O
support	O
is	O
ensured	O
by	O
the	O
proper	O
service	O
of	O
systems	B-Application
administrators	I-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
by	O
the	O
service	O
of	O
network	O
monitoring	O
operating	O
in	O
24x7	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
distributed	O
network	O
of	O
DNS	B-Protocol
nodes	O
located	O
in	O
7	O
Russian	O
federal	O
okrugs	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
in	O
Europe	O
and	O
America	O
has	O
reiterative	O
redundancy	O
at	O
the	O
hardware	O
and	O
network	O
levels	O
,	O
optimal	O
connectivity	O
of	O
the	O
DNS	B-Protocol
nodes	O
with	O
networks	O
of	O
Russian	O
and	O
foreign	O
operators	O
and	O
24/7	O
technical	B-General_Concept
support	I-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
ensures	O
resilience	O
of	O
the	O
DNS	B-Protocol
service	O
for	O
domain	O
zones	O
with	O
fast	O
response	O
and	O
service	O
accessibility	O
at	O
99.99	O
%	O
from	O
any	O
Internet	O
access	O
point	O
.	O
</s>
