<s>
TYPSET	B-Protocol
is	O
an	O
early	O
document	B-General_Concept
editor	I-General_Concept
that	O
was	O
used	O
with	O
the	O
1964-released	O
RUNOFF	B-Protocol
program	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
earliest	O
text	O
formatting	O
programs	O
to	O
see	O
significant	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Of	O
two	O
earlier	O
print/formatting	O
programs	O
DITTO	O
and	O
TJ-2	B-Protocol
,	O
only	O
the	O
latter	O
had	O
,	O
and	O
introduced	O
,	O
text	O
justification	O
;	O
RUNOFF	B-Protocol
also	O
added	O
pagination	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
RUNOFF	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
similar	O
names	O
led	O
to	O
other	O
formatting	O
program	O
implementations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
1982	O
Runoff	B-Protocol
largely	O
became	O
associated	O
with	O
Digital	O
Equipment	O
Corporation	O
and	O
Unix	B-Application
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DEC	O
used	O
the	O
terms	O
VAX	B-Device
DSR	O
and	O
DSR	O
to	O
refer	O
to	O
VAX	B-Device
DIGITAL	O
Standard	O
Runoff	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
RUNOFF	B-Protocol
type-setting	O
program	O
for	O
CTSS	B-Operating_System
was	O
written	O
by	O
Jerome	O
H	O
.	O
Saltzer	O
circa	O
1964	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bob	O
Morris	O
and	O
Doug	O
McIlroy	O
translated	O
that	O
from	O
MAD	B-Language
to	O
BCPL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Morris	O
and	O
McIlroy	O
then	O
moved	O
the	O
BCPL	B-Language
version	O
to	O
Multics	B-Application
when	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
7094	I-Device
on	O
which	O
CTSS	B-Operating_System
ran	O
was	O
being	O
shut	O
down	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Documentation	O
for	O
the	O
Multics	B-Application
version	O
of	O
RUNOFF	B-Protocol
described	O
it	O
as	O
"	O
types	O
out	O
text	O
segments	O
in	O
manuscript	O
form.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
later	O
version	O
of	O
runoff	B-Protocol
for	O
Multics	B-Application
was	O
written	O
in	O
PL/I	B-Language
by	O
Dennis	O
Capps	O
,	O
in	O
1974	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
runoff	B-Protocol
code	O
was	O
the	O
ancestor	O
of	O
roff	O
that	O
was	O
written	O
for	O
the	O
fledgling	O
Unix	B-Application
in	O
assembly	B-Language
language	I-Language
by	O
Ken	O
Thompson	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
versions	O
of	O
Runoff	B-Protocol
were	O
developed	O
for	O
various	O
computer	O
systems	O
including	O
Digital	O
Equipment	O
Corporation	O
's	O
PDP-11	B-Device
minicomputer	B-Architecture
systems	O
running	O
RT-11	B-Operating_System
,	O
RSTS/E	B-Operating_System
,	O
RSX	B-Application
on	O
Digital	O
's	O
PDP-10	B-Device
and	O
for	O
OpenVMS	B-Operating_System
on	O
VAX	B-Device
minicomputers	B-Architecture
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
UNIVAC	B-Device
Series	I-Device
90	I-Device
mainframes	O
using	O
the	O
EDT	B-Application
text	I-Application
editor	I-Application
under	O
the	O
VS/9	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
different	O
releases	O
of	O
Runoff	B-Protocol
typically	O
had	O
little	O
in	O
common	O
except	O
the	O
convention	O
of	O
indicating	O
a	O
command	O
to	O
Runoff	B-Protocol
by	O
beginning	O
the	O
line	O
with	O
a	O
period	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
origin	O
of	O
IBM	O
's	O
SCRIPT	O
(	O
markup	O
)	O
software	O
began	O
in	O
1968	O
when	O
"	O
IBM	O
contracted	O
Stuart	O
Madnick	O
of	O
MIT	O
to	O
write	O
a	O
simple	O
document	B-General_Concept
preparation	I-General_Concept
...	O
"	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
CP/67	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
modeled	O
it	O
on	O
MIT	O
's	O
CTSS	B-Operating_System
RUNOFF	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
RUNOFF	B-Protocol
was	O
written	O
in	O
1964	O
for	O
the	O
CTSS	B-Operating_System
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
by	O
Jerome	O
H	O
.	O
Saltzer	O
in	O
MAD	B-Language
and	O
FAP	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
actually	O
consisted	O
of	O
a	O
pair	O
of	O
programs	O
,	O
TYPSET	B-Protocol
(	O
which	O
was	O
basically	O
a	O
document	B-General_Concept
editor	I-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
and	O
RUNOFF	B-Protocol
(	O
the	O
output	O
processor	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RUNOFF	B-Protocol
had	O
support	O
for	O
pagination	O
and	O
headers	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
text	O
justification	O
(	O
TJ-2	B-Protocol
appears	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
the	O
earliest	O
text	B-General_Concept
justification	I-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
but	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
the	O
other	O
capabilities	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RUNOFF	B-Protocol
is	O
a	O
direct	O
predecessor	O
of	O
the	O
runoff	B-Protocol
document	B-General_Concept
formatting	I-General_Concept
program	O
of	O
Multics	B-Application
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
was	O
the	O
ancestor	O
of	O
the	O
roff	O
and	O
nroff	B-Device
document	B-General_Concept
formatting	I-General_Concept
programs	O
of	O
Unix	B-Application
,	O
and	O
their	O
descendants	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
also	O
the	O
ancestor	O
of	O
FORMAT	O
for	O
the	O
IBM	B-Application
System/360	I-Application
,	O
and	O
of	O
course	O
indirectly	O
of	O
every	O
computerized	O
word	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Likewise	O
,	O
RUNOFF	B-Protocol
for	O
CTSS	B-Operating_System
was	O
the	O
predecessor	O
of	O
the	O
various	O
RUNOFFs	B-Protocol
for	O
DEC	O
's	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
,	O
via	O
the	O
RUNOFF	B-Protocol
developed	O
by	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
California	O
,	O
Berkeley	O
's	O
Project	O
Genie	O
for	O
the	O
SDS	B-Device
940	I-Device
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TYPESET	O
contains	O
features	O
inspired	O
by	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
other	O
programs	O
including	O
Colossal	B-Application
Typewriter	I-Application
and	O
Expensive	B-Application
Typewriter	I-Application
.	O
</s>
