<s>
TWAIN	B-Application
and	O
TWAIN	B-Application
Direct	O
are	O
application	B-Application
programming	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
(	O
APIs	B-Application
)	O
and	O
communication	O
protocols	O
that	O
regulate	O
communication	O
between	O
software	O
and	O
digital	B-Algorithm
imaging	I-Algorithm
devices	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
image	B-Application
scanners	I-Application
and	O
digital	B-Device
cameras	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
TWAIN	B-Application
is	O
supported	O
on	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
three	O
key	O
elements	O
of	O
TWAIN	B-Application
are	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
graphics	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
a	O
fax	O
application	O
or	O
a	O
word	B-General_Concept
processor	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
source	O
manager	O
software	O
is	O
a	O
software	O
library	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
TWAIN	B-Application
Working	O
Group	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
the	O
application	O
and	O
the	O
device	B-Application
driver	I-Application
must	O
support	O
TWAIN	B-Application
for	O
the	O
interface	O
to	O
be	O
successfully	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
design	O
of	O
TWAIN	B-Application
began	O
in	O
January	O
1991	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TWAIN	B-Application
group	O
was	O
originally	O
launched	O
in	O
1992	O
by	O
several	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
imaging	O
industry	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
intention	O
of	O
standardizing	O
communication	O
between	O
image	O
handling	O
software	O
and	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Review	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
TWAIN	B-Application
Developer	O
's	O
Toolkit	O
occurred	O
from	O
April	O
,	O
1991	O
through	O
January	O
,	O
1992	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
19	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
the	O
TWAIN	B-Application
Working	O
Group	O
announced	O
TWAIN	B-Application
Direct	O
1.0	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
RESTful	O
API	B-Application
version	O
of	O
the	O
TWAIN	B-Application
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
word	O
TWAIN	B-Application
is	O
not	O
officially	O
an	O
acronym	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
backronym	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
official	O
website	O
notes	O
that	O
"	O
the	O
word	O
TWAIN	B-Application
is	O
from	O
Kipling	O
's	O
"	O
The	O
Ballad	O
of	O
East	O
and	O
West	O
"	O
—	O
'	O
and	O
...	O
never	O
the	O
twain	B-Application
shall	O
meet	O
...	O
'	O
—	O
reflecting	O
the	O
difficulty	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
of	O
connecting	O
scanners	O
and	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
up-cased	O
to	O
TWAIN	B-Application
to	O
make	O
it	O
more	O
distinctive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
Encyclopedia	O
of	O
Information	O
Technology	O
lists	O
"	O
Technology	O
Without	O
an	O
Interesting	O
Name	O
"	O
as	O
the	O
official	O
meaning	O
of	O
TWAIN	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Objectives	O
of	O
the	O
TWAIN	B-Application
Working	O
Group	O
and	O
standard	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
TWAIN	B-Application
provides	O
support	O
for	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
the	O
TWAIN	B-Application
standard	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
specification	O
,	O
data	O
source	O
manager	O
and	O
sample	O
code	O
,	O
are	O
maintained	O
by	O
the	O
not-for-profit	O
organization	O
TWAIN	B-Application
Working	O
Group	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Board	O
and	O
associate	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
TWAIN	B-Application
Working	O
Group	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
