<s>
TRAK	B-Library
is	O
a	O
general	O
enterprise	B-Library
architecture	I-Library
framework	I-Library
aimed	O
at	O
systems	O
engineers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
MODAF	B-Library
1.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRAK	B-Library
was	O
originally	O
commissioned	O
by	O
London	O
Underground	O
Limited	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
original	O
intent	O
was	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
rail-specific	O
architecture	O
framework	O
,	O
in	O
adapting	O
MODAF	B-Library
to	O
suit	O
local	O
needs	O
any	O
defence	O
or	O
domain-specific	O
content	O
was	O
removed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRAK	B-Library
was	O
released	O
under	O
open	O
source	O
licenses	O
in	O
February	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
been	O
formally	O
adopted	O
by	O
the	O
UK	O
Department	O
for	O
Transport	O
who	O
chair	O
the	O
TRAK	B-Library
Steering	O
Group	O
that	O
manages	O
the	O
overall	O
direction	O
,	O
strategy	O
and	O
formal	O
releases	O
of	O
TRAK	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TRAK	B-Library
development	O
team	O
received	O
a	O
Working	O
Group	O
award	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRAK	B-Library
was	O
a	O
finalist	O
for	O
the	O
2011	O
IET	O
Innovation	O
Awards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Only	O
Architecture	O
Description	O
Elements	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
form	O
TRAK	B-Library
Architecture	O
Views	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
connector	O
element	O
and	O
either	O
two	O
node	O
elements	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
form	O
an	O
Architecture	O
Description	O
Tuple	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
subject	O
-	O
predicate	B-Algorithm
object	O
-	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
a	O
sentence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
follows	O
the	O
natural	O
language	O
construct	O
of	O
Subject	O
-	O
Predicate	B-Algorithm
-	O
Object	O
-	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
RDF	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
See	O
Tuple	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRAK	B-Library
requires	O
each	O
tuple	B-Application
to	O
be	O
explicit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Architecture	O
Description	O
Tuples	B-Application
are	O
defined	O
by	O
the	O
TRAK	B-Library
Metamodel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
at	O
least	O
750	O
Architecture	O
Description	O
Triples	O
or	O
assertions	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
TRAK	B-Library
metamodel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
TRAK	B-Library
metamodel	O
node	O
has	O
a	O
master	O
architecture	O
view	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
before	O
describing	O
functions	O
using	O
,	O
say	O
,	O
'	O
System	O
performs	O
Function	O
 '	O
on	O
a	O
SV-04	O
Solution	O
Function	O
View	O
the	O
System	O
element	O
would	O
be	O
first	O
created	O
and	O
presented	O
on	O
a	O
TRAK	B-Library
SV-01	O
Solution	O
Structure	O
View	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
TRAK	B-Library
view	O
is	O
defined	O
as	O
an	O
Architecture	O
Product	O
in	O
the	O
TRAK	B-Library
metamodel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
TRAK	B-Library
view	O
presents	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
Architecture	O
Description	O
Tuples	B-Application
in	O
accordance	O
with	O
its	O
governing	O
viewpoint	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
TRAK	B-Library
a	O
viewpoint	O
is	O
a	O
specification	O
for	O
a	O
single	O
TRAK	B-Library
view	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
TRAK	B-Library
Viewpoint	O
defines	O
both	O
the	O
allowed	O
content	O
and	O
the	O
minimum	O
acceptable	O
view	O
content	O
as	O
sets	O
of	O
Architecture	O
Description	O
Tuples	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRAK	B-Library
is	O
defined	O
in	O
a	O
logical	O
way	O
-	O
that	O
is	O
to	O
say	O
free	O
of	O
any	O
notion	O
of	O
how	O
TRAK	B-Library
is	O
implemented	O
in	O
any	O
tool	O
or	O
any	O
architecture	B-Architecture
description	I-Architecture
language	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRAK	B-Library
has	O
24	O
architecture	O
viewpoints	O
which	O
are	O
grouped	O
into	O
5	O
perspectives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
viewpoint	O
specifies	O
what	O
sets	O
of	O
types	O
of	O
architectural	O
description	O
element	O
and	O
relationships	O
(	O
tuples	B-Application
)	O
can	O
appear	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
architectural	O
description	O
element	O
types	O
and	O
relationships	O
are	O
specified	O
by	O
the	O
TRAK	B-Library
metamodel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
logical	O
definition	O
of	O
TRAK	B-Library
consists	O
of	O
3	O
documents	O
,	O
each	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
an	O
open	O
source	O
project	O
on	O
SourceForge	B-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
TRAK	B-Library
Enterprise	B-Library
Architecture	I-Library
Framework	I-Library
document	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
controls	O
TRAK	B-Library
as	O
a	O
whole	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
defines	O
the	O
TRAK	B-Library
Architecture	O
Perspectives	O
,	O
colours	O
,	O
by-laws	O
(	O
rules	O
affecting	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
TRAK	B-Library
)	O
,	O
architecture	O
views	O
and	O
architecture	O
descriptions	O
,	O
minimal	O
modelling	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRAK	B-Library
Enterprise	B-Library
Architecture	I-Library
Framework	I-Library
Viewpoints	O
document	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
defines	O
the	O
TRAK	B-Library
architecture	O
viewpoints	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRAK	B-Library
Enterprise	B-Library
Architecture	I-Library
Framework	I-Library
Metamodel	O
document	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRAK	B-Library
has	O
5	O
architecture	O
perspectives	O
,	O
each	O
of	O
which	O
groups	O
together	O
architecture	O
viewpoints	O
and	O
views	O
of	O
an	O
overlapping	O
subject	O
area	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
architecture	O
view	O
in	O
TRAK	B-Library
is	O
specified	O
by	O
a	O
corresponding	O
architecture	O
viewpoint	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
general	O
use	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
risk	O
of	O
confusion	O
with	O
a	O
similarly	O
numbered	O
view	O
in	O
another	O
framework	O
such	O
as	O
DODAF	O
or	O
MODAF	B-Library
then	O
a	O
namespace	O
prefix	O
is	O
used	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
defined	O
in	O
the	O
TRAK	B-Library
Viewpoints	O
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TRAK	B-Library
Metamodel	O
both	O
simplifies	O
and	O
extends	O
the	O
basic	O
concepts	O
within	O
the	O
MODAF	B-Library
1.2	O
metamodel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TRAK	B-Library
Metamodel	O
specification	O
contains	O
a	O
comparison	O
of	O
the	O
TRAK	B-Library
metamodel	O
at	O
initial	O
release	O
against	O
MODAF	B-Library
1.2.003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TRAK	B-Library
metamodel	O
is	O
shown	O
below	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
an	O
ontological	O
description	O
of	O
the	O
TRAK	B-Library
metamodel	O
elements	O
using	O
RDF	O
at	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Significant	O
changes	O
vs	O
MODAF	B-Library
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
the	O
TRAK	B-Library
metamodel	O
is	O
aimed	O
at	O
users	O
(	O
the	O
MODAF	B-Library
M3	O
is	O
an	O
abstract	O
UML	B-Language
profile	I-Language
intended	O
as	O
a	O
specification	O
for	O
tool	O
vendors	O
to	O
implement	O
MODAF	B-Library
-	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
metamodel	O
for	O
users	O
only	O
fragments	O
of	O
'	O
simplified	O
metamodel	O
 '	O
which	O
aim	O
to	O
represent	O
the	O
more	O
complicated	O
M3	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
TRAK	B-Library
the	O
metamodel	O
shown	O
is	O
the	O
master	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
the	O
each	O
viewpoint	O
content	O
is	O
defined	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
tuples	B-Application
(	O
a	O
node	O
-	O
relationship	O
-	O
node	O
element	O
construct	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
a	O
triple	O
or	O
1	O
,	O
tuple	B-Application
)	O
and	O
has	O
allowed	O
and	O
minimum	O
acceptable	O
content	O
and	O
correspondence	O
rules	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
other	O
views	O
within	O
the	O
architecture	O
description	O
because	O
this	O
is	O
needed	O
to	O
specify	O
a	O
uniquely	O
addressable	O
path	O
in	O
a	O
metamodel	O
(	O
specifying	O
a	O
block	O
metamodel	O
element	O
is	O
not	O
sufficient	O
on	O
its	O
own	O
where	O
there	O
are	O
several	O
relationships	O
involving	O
the	O
element	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
ISO/IEC/IEEE	O
42010:2011	O
defines	O
architecture	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
relationship	O
of	O
a	O
system	O
to	O
its	O
environment	O
the	O
smallest	O
unit	O
of	O
architecture	O
description	O
that	O
may	O
appear	O
in	O
a	O
TRAK	B-Library
architecture	O
view	O
is	O
therefore	O
the	O
Architecture	O
Description	O
Tuple	B-Application
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
way	O
in	O
which	O
TRAK	B-Library
is	O
managed	O
and	O
released	O
via	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
open	O
source	O
projects	O
is	O
also	O
quite	O
different	O
from	O
other	O
enterprise	B-Library
architecture	I-Library
frameworks	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Releases	O
are	O
under	O
change	O
control	O
and	O
all	O
history	O
is	O
maintained	O
by	O
versioning	O
software	O
(	O
Subversion	B-Application
(	O
SVN	B-Application
)	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRAK	B-Library
does	O
not	O
specify	O
a	O
notation	O
or	O
presentation	O
language	O
(	O
architecture	B-Architecture
description	I-Architecture
language	I-Architecture
in	O
ISO/IEC	O
42010	O
terminology	O
)	O
in	O
which	O
to	O
present	O
the	O
architecture	O
views	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRAK	B-Library
architecture	O
descriptions	O
are	O
not	O
therefore	O
UML	B-Language
,	O
SysML	B-Language
or	O
BPMN	B-Architecture
models	O
although	O
any	O
of	O
these	O
notations	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
prepare	O
at	O
least	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
views	O
(	O
an	O
ADL	O
might	O
not	O
contain	O
the	O
necessary	O
concepts/stereotypes	O
or	O
might	O
not	O
allow	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
connected	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
needed	O
to	O
represent	O
a	O
TRAK	B-Library
architecture	O
view	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRAK	B-Library
requires	O
the	O
metamodel	O
element	O
name	O
of	O
every	O
architecture	O
description	O
element	O
in	O
a	O
TRAK	B-Library
architecture	O
view	O
to	O
be	O
explicitly	O
shown	O
so	O
that	O
each	O
TRAK	B-Library
view	O
can	O
be	O
read	O
as	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
declarative	O
statements	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Tuples	B-Application
can	O
be	O
presented	O
using	O
nodes	O
and	O
relationships	O
with	O
directions	O
(	O
a	O
directed	O
graph	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRAK	B-Library
also	O
allows	O
a	O
view	O
to	O
be	O
constructed	O
from	O
textual	O
statements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
a	O
TRAK	B-Library
view	O
is	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
tuples	B-Application
/	O
triples	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
graph	O
or	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
RDF	O
triples	O
to	O
present	O
a	O
TRAK	B-Library
view	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
RDF	O
ontology	O
description	O
of	O
the	O
TRAK	B-Library
metamodel	O
elements	O
is	O
being	O
developed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
takes	O
the	O
definitions	O
of	O
the	O
elements	O
from	O
the	O
TRAK	B-Library
Metamodel	O
specification	O
output	O
from	O
a	O
graph	O
model	O
of	O
TRAK	B-Library
within	O
a	O
Neo4J	B-Language
graph	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
TRAK	B-Library
architecture	O
view	O
consisting	O
of	O
RDF	O
triples	O
can	O
be	O
linked	O
to	O
the	O
RDF	O
TRAK	B-Library
metamodel	O
ontology	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
knowledge	B-Application
graph	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRAK	B-Library
also	O
requires	O
every	O
block	O
and	O
every	O
connector	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
name	O
and	O
for	O
these	O
to	O
be	O
visible	O
(	O
explicit	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
intent	O
of	O
this	O
is	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
a	O
TRAK	B-Library
architecture	O
view	O
is	O
read	O
as	O
the	O
author	O
of	O
the	O
view	O
meant	O
it	O
and	O
improve	O
semantic	O
consistency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Presentation	O
rules	O
that	O
apply	O
to	O
all	O
TRAK	B-Library
architecture	O
views	O
are	O
specified	O
in	O
the	O
overall	O
TRAK	B-Library
specification	O
(	O
as	O
'	O
Bye	O
Laws	O
 '	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRAK	B-Library
is	O
a	O
logical	O
definition	O
-	O
it	O
specifies	O
what	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
shown	O
and	O
minimum	O
acceptable	O
content	O
but	O
does	O
not	O
mandate	O
how	O
you	O
achieve	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRAK	B-Library
simply	O
defines	O
the	O
node	O
and	O
connector	O
elements	O
and	O
the	O
allowed	O
combinations	O
(	O
triples	O
)	O
that	O
must	O
/	O
may	O
appear	O
in	O
each	O
view	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
simple	O
block	O
and	O
connector	O
diagram	O
(	O
as	O
above	O
)	O
is	O
acceptable	O
as	O
is	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
plain	O
text	O
statements	O
,	O
a	O
diagram	O
using	O
the	O
UML	B-Language
,	O
a	O
graph	O
or	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
RDF	O
triples	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
same	O
reason	O
TRAK	B-Library
View	O
content	O
is	O
specified	O
using	O
an	O
abstract	O
and	O
different	O
notation	O
from	O
any	O
notation	O
that	O
might	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
implement	O
a	O
TRAK	B-Library
architecture	O
View	O
to	O
avoid	O
a	O
common	O
fault	O
arising	O
from	O
a	O
fault	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
notation	O
affecting	O
both	O
the	O
TRAK	B-Library
viewpoint	O
content	O
definition	O
and	O
the	O
'	O
design	O
response	O
 '	O
-	O
the	O
content	O
of	O
a	O
particular	O
TRAK	B-Library
view	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
each	O
TRAK	B-Library
architecture	O
view	O
is	O
specified	O
by	O
a	O
viewpoint	O
within	O
the	O
TRAK	B-Library
architecture	O
framework	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
each	O
TRAK	B-Library
viewpoint	O
identifies	O
the	O
stakeholders	O
,	O
concerns	O
addressed	O
,	O
anti-concerns	O
(	O
things	O
the	O
viewpoint	O
is	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
metamodel	O
tuples	B-Application
needed	O
,	O
the	O
metamodel	O
tuples	B-Application
allowed	O
,	O
well-formedness	O
(	O
minimum	O
acceptable	O
content	O
)	O
and	O
consistency	O
rules	O
with	O
other	O
views	O
within	O
the	O
architecture	O
description	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
correspondence	O
rules	O
are	O
defined	O
by	O
viewpoints	O
and	O
for	O
an	O
architecture	O
description	O
using	O
the	O
TRAK	B-Library
metamodel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rules	O
are	O
defined	O
using	O
triples	O
from	O
the	O
TRAK	B-Library
metamodel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
overall	O
comparison	O
between	O
TRAK	B-Library
and	O
ISO/IEC	O
42010	O
is	O
made	O
in	O
the	O
TRAK	B-Library
Enterprise	B-Library
Architecture	I-Library
Framework	I-Library
document	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRAK	B-Library
as	O
an	O
architecture	O
framework	O
against	O
the	O
requirements	O
of	O
section	O
6.1	O
(	O
Architecture	O
Frameworks	O
)	O
of	O
ISO/IEC/IEEE	O
42010:2011	O
and	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
a	O
TRAK-conforming	O
architecture	O
description	O
against	O
section	O
5	O
(	O
Architecture	O
Descriptions	O
)	O
of	O
ISO/IEC/IEEE	O
42010:2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRAK	B-Library
itself	O
does	O
not	O
mandate	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
an	O
element	O
of	O
process	O
introduced	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
because	O
TRAK	B-Library
adheres	O
to	O
ISO/IEC	O
42010	O
which	O
states	O
that	O
an	O
architecture	O
description	O
is	O
produced	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
a	O
task	O
and	O
the	O
task	O
stakeholder	O
concerns	O
and	O
also	O
because	O
TRAK	B-Library
has	O
master	O
architecture	O
views	O
which	O
creates	O
dependencies	O
between	O
views	O
and	O
results	O
in	O
minimum	O
allowed	O
architecture	O
view	O
sets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRAK	B-Library
is	O
released	O
under	O
2	O
forms	O
of	O
open	O
source	O
license	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
GNU	B-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
(	O
GPL	B-License
)	O
for	O
implementations	O
of	O
TRAK	B-Library
-	O
UML	B-Language
profile	I-Language
for	O
TRAK	B-Library
for	O
general	O
UML	B-Language
modelling	O
tools	O
and	O
TRAK	B-Library
MDG	O
Technology	O
for	O
Sparx	O
Systems	O
Enterprise	B-Application
Architect	I-Application
modelling	O
tool	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRAK	B-Library
supports	O
modelling	O
tools	O
through	O
the	O
following	O
mechanisms	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
a	O
plugin	O
for	O
Sparx	O
Systems	O
Enterprise	B-Application
Architect	I-Application
based	O
on	O
the	O
UML	B-Language
profile	I-Language
for	O
TRAK	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Released	O
as	O
open	O
source	O
on	O
Sourceforge	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
a	O
stencil	O
for	O
OmniGraffle	B-Operating_System
(	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
,	O
iPad	B-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Released	O
as	O
open	O
source	O
on	O
Sourceforge	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
a	O
template	O
for	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Visio	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Released	O
as	O
open	O
source	O
on	O
Sourceforge	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
comparison	O
of	O
the	O
stereotype	O
(	O
concepts	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
UML	B-Language
against	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
TRAK	B-Library
Metamodel	O
provides	O
an	O
analysis	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
UML	B-Language
Profile	I-Language
for	O
TRAK	B-Library
,	O
what	O
TRAK	B-Library
Viewpoints	O
and	O
therefore	O
TRAK	B-Library
Views	O
UML	B-Language
is	O
able	O
to	O
represent	O
fully	O
,	O
partially	O
and	O
not	O
at	O
all	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
the	O
constructs	O
available	O
in	O
UML	B-Language
and	O
the	O
particular	O
implementation	O
in	O
the	O
UML	B-Language
Profile	I-Language
for	O
TRAK	B-Library
and	O
arises	O
because	O
different	O
architecture	B-Architecture
description	I-Architecture
languages	I-Architecture
(	O
ADLs	B-Architecture
)	O
are	O
often	O
design	O
for	O
different	O
purposes	O
and	O
sometimes	O
different	O
domains	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
in	O
ISO/IEC	O
42010	O
the	O
concerns	O
they	O
address	O
are	O
different	O
from	O
those	O
that	O
the	O
architecture	O
framework	O
,	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
TRAK	B-Library
,	O
does	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
tools	O
represent	O
an	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
logical	O
definition	O
of	O
TRAK	B-Library
they	O
may	O
contain	O
limitations	O
or	O
errors	O
owing	O
to	O
the	O
notation	O
language	O
(	O
architecture	B-Architecture
description	I-Architecture
language	I-Architecture
)	O
used	O
and	O
tool-specific	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Justification	O
for	O
the	O
selection/use	O
of	O
TRAK	B-Library
is	O
provided	O
in	O
the	O
summary	O
report	O
for	O
the	O
task	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
architecture	O
description	O
describing	O
the	O
claims	O
of	O
compliance	O
of	O
TRAK	B-Library
as	O
an	O
architecture	O
framework	O
and	O
a	O
TRAK-conforming	O
architecture	O
description	O
against	O
the	O
requirements	O
of	O
ISO/IEC/IEEE	O
42010:2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
underlying	O
model	O
was	O
then	O
used	O
to	O
produce	O
the	O
compliance	O
matrix	O
as	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
Model-Based	B-Language
Systems	I-Language
Engineering	I-Language
.	O
</s>
