<s>
TORCS	B-Application
(	O
The	O
Open	O
Racing	O
Car	O
Simulator	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
3D	O
car	O
racing	O
simulator	O
available	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
,	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
,	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
4	I-Application
,	O
AROS	B-Application
,	O
MorphOS	B-Operating_System
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
TORCS	B-Application
was	O
created	O
by	O
Eric	O
Espié	O
and	O
Christophe	O
Guionneau	O
,	O
but	O
project	O
development	O
is	O
now	O
headed	O
by	O
Bernhard	O
Wymann	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
written	O
in	O
C++	B-Language
and	O
is	O
licensed	B-License
under	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
GPL	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
TORCS	B-Application
is	O
designed	O
to	O
enable	O
pre-programmed	O
AI	B-Application
drivers	O
to	O
race	O
against	O
one	O
another	O
,	O
while	O
allowing	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
control	O
a	O
vehicle	O
using	O
either	O
a	O
keyboard	O
,	O
mouse	O
,	O
or	O
wheel	O
input	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
of	O
TORCS	B-Application
began	O
in	O
1997	O
by	O
Eric	O
Espié	O
and	O
Christophe	O
Guionneau	O
as	O
a	O
2D	O
game	O
called	O
Racing	O
Car	O
Simulator	O
(	O
RCS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
influenced	O
by	O
and	O
based	O
on	O
RARS	B-Application
(	O
Robot	O
Auto	O
Racing	O
Simulator	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Espié	O
and	O
Guionneau	O
acquired	O
a	O
3dfx	O
graphics	B-Device
card	I-Device
for	O
game	O
development	O
,	O
they	O
made	O
the	O
first	O
3D	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
simulator	O
with	O
OpenGL	B-Application
and	O
renamed	O
it	O
Open	O
Racing	O
Car	O
Simulator	O
(	O
ORCS	O
)	O
so	O
as	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
confused	O
with	O
the	O
Revision	B-Architecture
Control	I-Architecture
System	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
engines	O
and	O
engine	O
sounds	O
were	O
eventually	O
added	O
,	O
the	O
simulation	O
was	O
given	O
its	O
final	O
name	O
,	O
TORCS	B-Application
,	O
as	O
the	O
name	O
seemed	O
more	O
relevant	O
to	O
automobiles	O
given	O
its	O
similarity	O
to	O
the	O
word	O
torque	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Guionneau	O
developed	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
graphics	O
code	O
in	O
TORCS	B-Application
and	O
eventually	O
added	O
texture	O
mapping	O
to	O
give	O
more	O
detail	O
to	O
the	O
cars	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
current	O
main	O
developers	O
of	O
TORCS	B-Application
are	O
Bernhard	O
Wymann	O
(	O
project	O
leader	O
)	O
,	O
Christos	O
Dimitrakakis	O
(	O
simulation	O
,	O
sound	O
,	O
AI	B-Application
)	O
and	O
Andrew	O
Sumner	O
(	O
graphics	O
,	O
tracks	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aside	O
from	O
bugfixes	O
and	O
maintenance	O
of	O
TORCS	B-Application
code	O
,	O
the	O
next	O
features	O
planned	O
include	O
network	O
multiplayer	O
mode	O
,	O
improved	O
physics	O
engine	O
,	O
enhanced	O
car	O
interior	O
detail	O
,	O
and	O
replays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2000	O
CNN	B-Architecture
placed	O
TORCS	B-Application
among	O
the	O
"	O
Top	O
10	O
Linux	B-Application
games	O
for	O
the	O
holidays	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linux	B-Application
Journal	O
considered	O
TORCS	B-Application
to	O
be	O
the	O
best	O
open	O
source	O
driving	O
game	O
in	O
their	O
October	O
18	O
,	O
2007	O
issue	O
,	O
highlighting	O
the	O
ability	O
for	O
players	O
to	O
design	O
their	O
own	O
cars	O
,	O
realistic	O
graphics	O
and	O
vehicle	O
handling	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
has	O
gained	O
substantial	O
popularity	O
;	O
between	O
2000	O
and	O
2017	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
downloaded	O
over	O
2.9	O
million	O
times	O
via	O
SourceForge.net	B-Application
alone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TORCS	B-Application
Racing	O
Board	O
hosts	O
a	O
competition	O
on	O
its	O
website	O
among	O
players	O
in	O
the	O
TORCS	B-Application
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
traditional	O
network	O
multiplayer	O
events	O
in	O
which	O
players	O
compete	O
in	O
real-time	O
on	O
local	B-General_Concept
network	I-General_Concept
or	O
Internet-connected	O
clients	O
simultaneously	O
,	O
the	O
TORCS	B-Application
Racing	O
Board	O
is	O
a	O
competition	O
between	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
"	O
robots	O
"	O
developed	O
and	O
uploaded	O
by	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Faculty	O
from	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Würzburg	O
and	O
Politecnico	O
di	O
Milano	O
host	O
two	O
AI	B-Application
competitions	O
,	O
the	O
Simulated	O
Car	O
Racing	O
Championship	O
and	O
the	O
Demolition	B-Application
Derby	I-Application
Competition	O
;	O
the	O
latter	O
uses	O
a	O
patched	O
TORCS	B-Application
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TORCS	B-Application
has	O
been	O
forked	B-Application
into	O
several	O
projects	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
Speed	B-Application
Dreams	I-Application
,	O
originally	O
known	O
as	O
Torcs-NG	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thanks	O
to	O
its	O
openness	O
,	O
modularity	O
and	O
extensibility	O
,	O
TORCS	B-Application
has	O
been	O
adopted	O
as	O
a	O
base	O
for	O
many	O
research	O
projects	O
;	O
examples	O
include	O
automated	O
computation	O
of	O
car	O
setups	O
,	O
human-assisted	O
algorithmic	O
generation	O
of	O
tracks	O
and	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
several	O
computing	O
techniques	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
2008	O
,	O
TORCS	B-Application
has	O
also	O
played	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
various	O
research	O
fields	O
within	O
the	O
IEEE	O
Conference	O
on	O
Computational	O
Intelligence	O
and	O
Games	O
,	O
where	O
it	O
appears	O
as	O
a	O
base	O
for	O
4	O
to	O
6	O
projects	O
every	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
the	O
current	O
version	O
of	O
TORCS	B-Application
should	O
be	O
cited	O
as	O
"	O
B	O
.	O
Wymann	O
,	O
E	O
.	O
Espié	O
,	O
C	O
.	O
Guionneau	O
,	O
C	O
.	O
Dimitrakakis	O
,	O
R	O
.	O
Coulom	O
,	O
A	O
.	O
Sumner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TORCS	B-Application
:	O
The	O
Open	O
Racing	O
Car	O
Simulator	O
,	O
vX.X.X	O
,	O
20XX.	O
"	O
</s>
