<s>
The	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
is	O
a	O
mixed-signal	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
family	O
from	O
Texas	O
Instruments	O
,	O
first	O
introduced	O
on	O
14	O
February	O
1992	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Built	O
around	O
a	O
CPU	B-Device
,	O
the	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
is	O
designed	O
for	O
low	O
cost	O
and	O
,	O
specifically	O
,	O
low	O
power	O
consumption	O
embedded	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
low	O
powered	O
embedded	B-Architecture
devices	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
top	O
CPU	B-Device
speed	O
is	O
25MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
also	O
uses	O
six	O
different	O
low-power	O
modes	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
disable	O
unneeded	O
clocks	O
and	O
CPU	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Further	O
,	O
the	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
can	O
wake-up	O
in	O
times	O
under	O
1	O
microsecond	O
,	O
allowing	O
the	O
controller	O
to	O
stay	O
in	O
sleep	O
mode	O
longer	O
,	O
minimizing	O
average	O
current	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
timer	O
including	O
pulse-width	B-Algorithm
modulation	I-Algorithm
(	O
PWM	O
)	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
watchdog	B-Application
timer	I-Application
(	O
watchdog	B-Application
)	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
Serial	B-Architecture
Peripheral	I-Architecture
Interface	I-Architecture
(	O
SPI	O
)	O
bus	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
less	O
usual	O
peripheral	O
options	O
include	O
comparators	O
(	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
the	O
timers	O
to	O
do	O
simple	O
ADC	O
)	O
,	O
on-chip	O
operational	O
amplifiers	O
(	O
op-amp	O
)	O
for	O
signal	O
conditioning	O
,	O
12-bit	O
digital-to-analog	O
converter	O
(	O
DAC	O
)	O
,	O
liquid	B-Device
crystal	I-Device
display	I-Device
(	O
LCD	B-Device
)	O
driver	O
,	O
hardware	O
multiplier	O
,	O
USB	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
direct	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
access	I-General_Concept
(	O
DMA	O
)	O
for	O
ADC	O
results	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apart	O
from	O
some	O
older	O
erasable	B-General_Concept
programmable	I-General_Concept
read-only	I-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
(	O
EPROM	B-General_Concept
,	O
such	O
as	O
MSP430E3xx	O
)	O
and	O
high	O
volume	O
mask	B-Device
ROM	I-Device
(	O
MSP430Cxxx	O
)	O
versions	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
devices	O
are	O
in-system	B-Device
programming	I-Device
enabled	O
via	O
Joint	O
Test	O
Action	O
Group	O
(	O
JTAG	O
)	O
,	O
full	O
four-wire	O
or	O
Spy-Bi-Wire	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
built	O
in	O
bootstrapping	B-Application
loader	O
(	O
BSL	O
)	O
using	O
UART	O
such	O
as	O
RS-232	O
,	O
or	O
USB	B-Protocol
on	O
devices	O
with	O
USB	B-Protocol
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
limits	O
that	O
preclude	O
its	O
use	O
in	O
more	O
complex	O
embedded	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
does	O
not	O
have	O
an	O
external	O
memory	O
bus	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
is	O
limited	O
to	O
on-chip	O
memory	O
,	O
up	O
to	O
512KB	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
and	O
66KB	O
random-access	B-Architecture
memory	I-Architecture
(	O
RAM	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
too	O
small	O
for	O
applications	O
needing	O
large	O
buffers	O
or	O
data	O
tables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
has	O
a	O
DMA	B-General_Concept
controller	I-General_Concept
,	O
it	O
is	O
very	O
difficult	O
to	O
use	O
it	O
to	O
move	O
data	O
off	O
the	O
chip	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
a	O
DMA	O
output	O
strobe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Six	O
general	O
generations	O
of	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
processors	O
exist	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
3xx	O
and	O
1xx	O
generations	O
are	O
limited	O
to	O
a	O
16-bit	B-Device
address	B-General_Concept
space	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
later	O
generations	O
this	O
was	O
expanded	O
to	O
include	O
'	O
430X	O
 '	O
instructions	O
that	O
allow	O
a	O
20-bit	O
address	B-General_Concept
space	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
the	O
processor	O
of	O
the	O
PDP-11	B-Device
)	O
,	O
extending	O
the	O
addressing	O
range	O
beyond	O
the	O
16-bit	B-Device
word	O
size	O
introduced	O
some	O
peculiarities	O
and	O
inefficiencies	O
for	O
programs	O
larger	O
than	O
64kBytes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
following	O
list	O
,	O
it	O
helps	O
to	O
think	O
of	O
the	O
typical	O
200mA·Hr	O
capacity	O
of	O
a	O
CR2032	B-Algorithm
lithium	O
coin	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
as	O
200,000	O
μA·Hr	O
,	O
or	O
22.8μA	O
·year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
,	O
considering	O
only	O
the	O
CPU	B-Device
draw	O
,	O
such	O
a	O
battery	O
could	O
supply	O
a	O
0.7μA	O
current	O
draw	O
for	O
32	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
In	O
reality	O
,	O
battery	O
self-discharge	B-Algorithm
would	O
reduce	O
this	O
number	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
significance	O
of	O
the	O
RAM	B-Architecture
retention	O
vs	O
the	O
real-time	O
clock	O
mode	O
is	O
that	O
in	O
real	O
time	O
clock	O
mode	O
the	O
CPU	B-Device
can	O
go	O
to	O
sleep	O
with	O
a	O
clock	O
running	O
which	O
will	O
wake	O
it	O
up	O
at	O
a	O
specific	O
future	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
RAM	B-Architecture
retention	O
mode	O
,	O
some	O
external	O
signal	O
is	O
required	O
to	O
wake	O
it	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
input/output	B-General_Concept
(	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
)	O
pin	O
signal	O
or	O
SPI	O
slave	O
receive	O
interrupt	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MSP430x1xx	O
Series	O
is	O
the	O
basic	O
generation	O
without	O
an	O
embedded	O
LCD	B-Device
controller	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
flash	O
-	O
or	O
ROM-based	O
ultra-low-power	O
MCUs	O
offer	O
8	O
MIPS	O
,	O
1.8	O
–	O
3.6V	O
operation	O
,	O
up	O
to	O
60	O
KB	O
flash	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
analog	O
and	O
digital	O
peripherals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
is	O
the	O
oldest	O
generation	O
,	O
designed	O
for	O
portable	O
instrumentation	O
with	O
an	O
embedded	O
LCD	B-Device
controller	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
generation	O
does	O
not	O
support	O
EEPROM	B-General_Concept
memory	O
,	O
only	O
mask	B-Device
ROM	I-Device
and	O
UV-eraseable	O
and	O
one-time	O
programmable	O
EPROM	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
generations	O
provide	O
only	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
and	O
mask	B-Device
ROM	I-Device
options	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
devices	O
offer	O
2.5	O
–	O
5.5	O
V	O
operation	O
,	O
up	O
to	O
32	O
KB	O
ROM	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
are	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
'	O
3xx	O
generation	O
,	O
but	O
include	O
an	O
integrated	O
LCD	B-Device
controller	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
larger	O
and	O
more	O
capable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
flash	O
or	O
ROM	B-Device
based	O
devices	O
offers	O
8	O
–	O
16	O
MIPS	O
at	O
1.8	O
–	O
3.6	O
V	O
operation	O
,	O
with	O
FLL	O
,	O
and	O
SVS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
run	O
up	O
to	O
25MHz	O
,	O
have	O
up	O
to	O
512	O
KB	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
and	O
up	O
to	O
66	O
KB	O
RAM	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Includes	O
an	O
innovative	O
power	O
management	O
module	O
for	O
optimal	O
power	O
consumption	O
and	O
integrated	O
USB	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
run	O
up	O
to	O
25MHz	O
,	O
have	O
up	O
to	O
512	O
KB	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
and	O
up	O
to	O
66	O
KB	O
RAM	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Includes	O
an	O
innovative	O
power	O
management	O
module	O
for	O
optimal	O
power	O
consumption	O
and	O
integrated	O
USB	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
provides	O
tight	O
integration	O
between	O
the	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
core	O
,	O
peripherals	O
,	O
software	O
,	O
and	O
RF	O
transceiver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programming	O
using	O
Arduino	O
integrated	B-Application
development	I-Application
environment	I-Application
(	O
IDE	O
)	O
is	O
possible	O
via	O
the	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
a	O
write	O
endurance	O
of	O
over	O
100	O
trillion	O
cycles	O
,	O
EEPROM	B-General_Concept
is	O
no	O
longer	O
required	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
include	O
the	O
MSP430C09x	O
and	O
MSP430L092	O
parts	O
,	O
capable	O
of	O
running	O
at	O
0.9	O
V	O
.	O
These	O
2	O
series	O
of	O
low	O
voltage	O
16-bit	B-Device
microcontrollers	B-Architecture
have	O
configurations	O
with	O
two	O
16-bit	B-Device
timers	O
,	O
an	O
8-bit	O
analog-to-digital	O
(	O
A/D	O
)	O
converter	O
,	O
an	O
8-bit	O
digital-to-analog	O
(	O
D/A	O
)	O
converter	O
,	O
and	O
up	O
to	O
11	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
pins	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
families	O
within	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
include	O
,	O
,	O
and	O
parts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MSP430BQ1010	O
16-bit	B-Device
microcontroller	B-Architecture
is	O
an	O
advanced	O
fixed-function	O
device	O
that	O
forms	O
the	O
control	O
and	O
communications	O
unit	O
on	O
the	O
receiver	O
side	O
for	O
wireless	O
power	O
transfer	O
in	O
portable	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Automotive	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
microcontrollers	I-Architecture
(	O
MCUs	O
)	O
from	O
Texas	O
Instruments	O
(	O
TI	O
)	O
are	O
16-bit	B-Device
,	O
RISC-based	O
,	O
mixed-signal	O
processors	O
that	O
are	O
AEC-Q100	O
qualified	O
and	O
suitable	O
for	O
automotive	O
applications	O
in	O
environments	O
up	O
to	O
105°C	O
ambient	O
temperature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LIN	O
compliant	O
drivers	O
for	O
the	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
MCU	O
provided	O
by	O
IHR	O
GmbH	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MSP430	B-Architecture
devices	O
are	O
very	O
popular	O
in	O
harsh	O
environments	O
such	O
as	O
industrial	O
sensing	O
for	O
their	O
low	O
power	O
consumption	O
and	O
innovative	O
analog	O
integration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
that	O
when	O
the	O
flash	O
size	O
is	O
over	O
64K	O
words	O
(	O
128	O
KBytes	O
)	O
,	O
instruction	O
addresses	O
can	O
no	O
longer	O
be	O
encoded	O
in	O
just	O
two	O
bytes	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
peripherals	O
are	O
generally	O
easy	O
to	O
use	O
,	O
with	O
(	O
mostly	O
)	O
consistent	O
addresses	O
between	O
models	O
,	O
and	O
no	O
write-only	O
registers	O
(	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
hardware	O
multiplier	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
peripheral	O
is	O
not	O
needed	O
,	O
the	O
pin	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
general	O
purpose	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
ports	O
are	O
arranged	O
in	O
pairs	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
accessed	O
as	O
16-bit	B-Device
registers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
family	O
defines	O
11	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
ports	O
,	O
P0	O
through	O
P10	O
,	O
although	O
no	O
chip	O
implements	O
more	O
than	O
10	O
of	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bits	O
written	O
as	O
0	O
configure	O
the	O
pin	O
for	O
general	O
purpose	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bits	O
set	O
in	O
this	O
register	O
enable	O
weak	O
pull-up	O
or	O
pull-down	O
resistors	O
on	O
the	O
corresponding	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
pins	O
even	O
when	O
they	O
are	O
configured	O
as	O
inputs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PxIV	O
Port	O
x	O
interrupt	B-General_Concept
vector	I-General_Concept
( 	O
 '	O
5xx	O
only	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
16-bit	B-Device
register	O
is	O
a	O
priority	O
encoder	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
handle	O
pin-change	O
interrupts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
General	O
purpose	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
register	O
address	O
map+	O
'	O
1xx–'4xx	O
families	O
PxIN	O
PxOUT	O
PxDIR	O
PxSEL	O
PxIES	O
PxIE	O
PxIFG	O
PxREN	O
P0	O
0x10	O
0x11	O
0x12	O
0x13	O
0x14	O
0x15	O
P1	O
0x20	O
0x21	O
0x22	O
0x26	O
0x24	O
0x25	O
0x23	O
0x27	O
P2	O
0x28	O
0x29	O
0x2a	O
0x2e	O
0x2c	O
0x2d	O
0x2b	O
0x2f	O
P3	O
0x18	O
0x19	O
0x1a	O
0x1b	O
0x10	O
P4	O
0x1c	O
0x1d	O
0x1e	O
0x1f	O
0x11	O
P5	O
0x30	O
0x31	O
0x32	O
0x33	O
0x12	O
P6	O
0x34	O
0x35	O
0x36	O
0x37	O
0x13	O
PA	O
P7	O
0x38	O
0x3a	O
0x3c	O
0x3e	O
0x14	O
P8	O
0x39	O
0x3b	O
0x3d	O
0x3f	O
0x15	O
PB	O
P9	O
0x08	O
0x0a	O
0x0c	O
0x0e	O
0x16	O
P10	O
0x09	O
0x0b	O
0x0d	O
0x0f	O
0x17+	O
'	O
5xx–'6xx	O
&	O
'	O
0xx	O
families	O
PxIN	O
PxOUT	O
PxDIR	O
PxREN	O
PxDS	O
PxSEL	O
PxIV	O
PxIES	O
PxIE	O
PxIFG	O
PA	O
P1	O
0x200	O
0x202	O
0x204	O
0x206	O
0x208	O
0x20A	O
0x20E	O
0x218	O
0x21A	O
0x21C	O
P2	O
0x201	O
0x203	O
0x205	O
0x207	O
0x209	O
0x20B	O
0x21E	O
0x219	O
0x21B	O
0x21D	O
PB	O
P3	O
0x220	O
0x222	O
0x224	O
0x226	O
0x228	O
0x22A	O
P4	O
0x221	O
0x223	O
0x225	O
0x227	O
0x229	O
0x22B	O
PC	O
P5	O
0x240	O
0x242	O
0x244	O
0x246	O
0x248	O
0x24A	O
P6	O
0x241	O
0x243	O
0x245	O
0x247	O
0x249	O
0x24B	O
PD	O
P7	O
0x260	O
0x262	O
0x264	O
0x266	O
0x268	O
0x26A	O
P8	O
0x261	O
0x263	O
0x265	O
0x267	O
0x269	O
0x26B	O
PE	O
P9	O
0x280	O
0x282	O
0x284	O
0x286	O
0x288	O
0x28A	O
P10	O
0x281	O
0x283	O
0x285	O
0x287	O
0x289	O
0x28B	O
P11	O
0x2A0	O
0x2A2	O
0x2A4	O
0x2A6	O
0x2A8	O
0x2AA	O
PJ	O
0x320	O
0x322	O
0x324	O
0x326	O
0x328	O
4	O
bits	O
only	O
;	O
shared	O
with	O
JTAG	O
pins	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
line	O
offers	O
two	O
types	O
of	O
analog-to-digital	O
conversion	O
(	O
ADC	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
10	O
-	O
and	O
12-bit	O
successive	O
approximation	O
converters	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
16-bit	B-Device
sigma-delta	O
converter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	O
transfer	O
controllers	O
and	O
a	O
16-word	O
conversion-and-control	O
buffer	O
allow	O
the	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
to	O
convert	O
and	O
store	O
samples	O
without	O
CPU	B-Device
intervention	O
,	O
minimizing	O
power	O
consumption	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
's	O
comparator	O
module	O
provides	O
precision	O
slope	O
analog-to-digital	O
conversions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BT	O
has	O
two	O
independent	O
8-bit	O
timers	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
cascaded	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
16-bit	B-Device
timer/counter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Timer_A	O
,	O
Timer_B	O
and	O
Timer_D	O
are	O
asynchronous	O
16-bit	B-Device
timers/counters	O
with	O
up	O
to	O
seven	O
capture/compare	O
registers	O
and	O
various	O
operating	O
modes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Timer_B	O
introduces	O
added	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
programmable	O
timer	O
lengths	O
(	O
8-	O
,	O
10-	O
,	O
12-	O
,	O
or	O
16-bit	B-Device
)	O
and	O
double-buffered	O
compare	O
register	O
updates	O
,	O
while	O
Timer_D	O
introduces	O
a	O
high-resolution	O
(	O
4ns	O
)	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
watchdog	B-Application
function	O
is	O
not	O
needed	O
in	O
an	O
application	O
,	O
the	O
module	O
can	O
be	O
configured	O
as	O
an	O
interval	O
timer	O
and	O
can	O
generate	O
interrupts	O
at	O
selected	O
time	O
intervals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
MCU	O
’s	O
zero-power	O
BOR	O
circuit	O
is	O
continuously	O
turned	O
on	O
,	O
including	O
in	O
all	O
low-power	O
modes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DMA	B-General_Concept
controller	I-General_Concept
transfers	O
data	O
from	O
one	O
address	O
to	O
another	O
across	O
the	O
entire	O
address	B-General_Concept
range	I-General_Concept
without	O
CPU	B-Device
intervention	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
's	O
DMA	O
subsystem	O
is	O
very	O
capable	O
it	O
has	O
several	O
flaws	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
significant	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
an	O
external	O
transfer	O
strobe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Consequently	O
DMA	O
to	O
and	O
from	O
external	O
sources	O
is	O
limited	O
to	O
external	O
trigger	O
per	O
byte	B-Application
transfers	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
full	O
blocks	O
automatically	O
via	O
DMA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
significant	O
complexity	O
(	O
as	O
in	O
requiring	O
extensive	O
hand	O
tweaking	O
of	O
code	O
)	O
when	O
implementing	O
processor	O
to	O
processor	O
or	O
processor	O
to	O
USB	B-Protocol
communications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DMA	O
operations	O
that	O
involve	O
word	O
transfers	O
to	O
byte	B-Application
locations	O
cause	O
truncation	O
to	O
8	O
bits	O
rather	O
than	O
conversion	O
to	O
two	O
byte	B-Application
transfers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
makes	O
DMA	O
with	O
A/D	O
or	O
D/A	O
16	B-Device
bit	I-Device
values	O
less	O
useful	O
than	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
(	O
although	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
DMA	O
these	O
values	O
through	O
port	O
A	O
or	O
B	O
on	O
some	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
MSP	O
430	O
using	O
an	O
externally	O
visible	O
trigger	O
per	O
transfer	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
timer	O
output	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Embedded	O
into	O
all	O
flash-based	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
models	O
include	O
a	O
memory-mapped	O
hardware	O
multiplier	O
peripheral	O
which	O
performs	O
various	O
16×16+32	O
→	O
33-bit	O
multiply-accumulate	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unusually	O
for	O
the	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
,	O
this	O
peripheral	O
does	O
include	O
an	O
implicit	O
2-bit	O
write-only	O
register	O
,	O
which	O
makes	O
it	O
effectively	O
impossible	O
to	O
context	B-Operating_System
switch	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
peripheral	O
does	O
not	O
interfere	O
with	O
CPU	B-Device
activities	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
accessed	O
by	O
the	O
DMA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
operand	O
is	O
written	O
to	O
one	O
of	O
four	O
16-bit	B-Device
registers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FRAM	O
MPU	O
protects	O
against	O
accidental	O
writes	O
to	O
designated	O
read-only	B-Device
memory	I-Device
segments	O
or	O
execution	O
of	O
code	O
from	O
a	O
constant	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
integrated	O
capacitive	O
touch	O
sense	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
module	O
offers	O
several	O
benefits	O
to	O
touch	O
button	O
and	O
touch	O
slider	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
need	O
for	O
external	O
MUXes	O
to	O
allow	O
multiple	O
pads	O
and	O
each	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
pad	O
can	O
directly	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
cap	O
sense	O
input	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MSP430	B-Architecture
devices	O
have	O
up	O
to	O
12	O
digital	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
ports	O
implemented	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
port	O
has	O
eight	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
pins	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Every	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
pin	O
can	O
be	O
configured	O
as	O
either	O
input	O
or	O
output	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
individually	O
read	O
or	O
written	O
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
USB	B-Protocol
module	O
is	O
fully	O
compliant	O
with	O
the	O
USB	B-Protocol
2.0	O
specification	O
and	O
supports	O
control	O
,	O
interrupt	O
and	O
bulk	O
transfers	O
at	O
a	O
data	O
rate	O
of	O
12	O
Mbps	O
(	O
full	O
speed	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
module	O
supports	O
USB	B-Protocol
suspend	O
,	O
resume	O
and	O
remote	O
wake-up	O
operations	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
configured	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
eight	O
input	O
and	O
eight	O
output	O
endpoints	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
module	O
includes	O
an	O
integrated	O
physical	O
interface	O
(	O
PHY	O
)	O
;	O
a	O
phase-locked	O
loop	O
(	O
PLL	O
)	O
for	O
USB	B-Protocol
clock	O
generation	O
;	O
and	O
a	O
flexible	O
power-supply	O
system	O
enabling	O
bus-powered	O
and	O
self-powered	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
universal	O
serial	O
interface	O
(	O
USI	O
)	O
module	O
is	O
a	O
synchronous	O
serial	O
communication	O
interface	O
with	O
a	O
data	O
length	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
16-bits	B-Device
and	O
can	O
support	O
SPI	O
and	O
I²C	O
communication	O
with	O
minimal	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ESP430CE	O
module	O
performs	O
metering	O
calculations	O
independent	O
of	O
the	O
CPU	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Module	O
has	O
separate	O
SD16	O
,	O
HW	O
multiplier	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
ESP430	O
embedded	B-Architecture
processor	I-Architecture
engine	O
for	O
single-phase	O
energy-metering	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
LCD/LCD_A	O
controller	O
directly	O
drives	O
LCDs	B-Device
for	O
up	O
to	O
196	O
segments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Supports	O
static	O
,	O
2-mux	O
,	O
3-mux	O
,	O
and	O
4-mux	O
LCDs	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
LCD_E	O
controller	O
comes	O
with	O
the	O
newer	O
MSP430FR4xxx	O
series	O
microcontrollers	B-Architecture
and	O
directly	O
drives	O
LCDs	B-Device
up	O
to	O
448	O
segments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Supports	O
static	O
,	O
2-mux	O
,	O
3-mux	O
,	O
4-mux	O
,	O
5-mux	O
,	O
6-mux	O
,	O
7-mux	O
,	O
8-mux	O
(	O
1/3	O
bias	O
)	O
LCDs	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Segment	O
and	O
Common	O
pins	O
may	O
be	O
reprogrammed	O
to	O
available	O
LCD	B-Device
drive	O
pins	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
peripheral	O
may	O
be	O
driven	O
in	O
LPM3.5	O
(	O
RTC	O
running+Main	O
CPU	B-Device
core	O
shutdown	O
low-power	O
mode	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Texas	O
Instruments	O
provides	O
various	O
hardware	O
experimenter	O
boards	O
that	O
support	O
large	O
(	O
approximately	O
two	O
centimeters	O
square	O
)	O
and	O
small	O
(	O
approximately	O
one	O
millimeter	O
square	O
)	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
chips	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TI	O
also	O
provides	O
software	O
development	O
tools	O
,	O
both	O
directly	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
partners	O
(	O
see	O
the	O
full	O
list	O
of	O
compilers	B-Language
,	O
assemblers	B-Language
,	O
and	O
IDEs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
such	O
toolchain	O
is	O
the	O
IAR	O
C/C	O
++	O
compiler	B-Language
and	O
Integrated	B-Application
development	I-Application
environment	I-Application
,	O
or	O
IDE	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Kickstart	O
edition	O
can	O
be	O
downloaded	O
for	O
free	O
from	O
TI	O
or	O
IAR	O
;	O
it	O
is	O
limited	O
to	O
8	O
KB	O
of	O
C/C	O
++	O
code	O
in	O
the	O
compiler	B-Language
and	O
debugger	B-Application
(	O
assembly	B-Language
language	I-Language
programs	O
of	O
any	O
size	O
can	O
be	O
developed	O
and	O
debugged	O
with	O
this	O
free	O
toolchain	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TI	O
also	O
combines	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
its	O
own	O
compiler	B-Language
and	O
tools	O
with	O
its	O
Eclipse-based	O
Code	B-Application
Composer	I-Application
Studio	I-Application
IDE	O
(	O
CCS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
more	O
comfortable	O
with	O
the	O
Arduino	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
also	O
another	O
software	O
Energia	O
,	O
an	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
electronics	O
prototyping	O
platform	O
with	O
the	O
goal	O
to	O
bring	O
the	O
Wiring	O
and	O
Arduino	O
framework	O
to	O
the	O
Texas	B-Architecture
Instruments	I-Architecture
MSP430	I-Architecture
based	O
LaunchPad	O
where	O
Arduino	O
code	O
can	O
be	O
exported	O
for	O
programming	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
chips	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
community	O
produces	O
a	O
freely	O
available	O
software	O
development	O
toolset	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
toolset	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
GNU	B-Application
compiler	I-Application
is	O
currently	O
declined	O
in	O
three	O
versions	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
TI	O
consulted	O
with	O
RedHat	O
to	O
provide	O
official	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
architecture	O
to	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
Compiler	I-Application
Collection	I-Application
C/C	O
++	O
compiler	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
supported	O
by	O
TI	O
's	O
Code	B-Application
Composer	I-Application
Studio	I-Application
version	O
6.0	O
and	O
higher	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
a	O
very	O
early	O
project	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
eventually	O
provide	O
better	O
support	O
for	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
in	O
LLVM	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
commercial	O
development	O
tool	O
sets	O
,	O
which	O
include	O
editor	O
,	O
compiler	B-Language
,	O
linker	O
,	O
assembler	B-Language
,	O
debugger	B-Application
and	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
code	O
wizards	O
,	O
are	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VisSim	B-Application
,	O
a	O
block	B-Application
diagram	I-Application
language	O
for	O
model	O
based	O
development	O
,	O
generates	O
efficient	O
fixed	O
point	O
C-Code	O
directly	O
from	O
the	O
diagram	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VisSim	B-Application
generated	O
code	O
for	O
a	O
closed	O
loop	O
ADC+PWM	O
based	O
PID	O
control	O
on	O
the	O
F2013	O
compiles	B-Language
to	O
less	O
than	O
1	O
KB	O
flash	O
and	O
100	O
bytes	B-Application
RAM	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
VisSim	B-Application
has	O
on-chip	O
peripheral	O
blocks	O
for	O
the	O
entire	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
family	O
I²C	O
,	O
ADC	O
,	O
SD16	O
,	O
PWM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MSP430F2013	O
and	O
its	O
siblings	O
are	O
set	O
apart	O
by	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
(	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
MSP430G2	O
Value	O
Line	O
)	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
part	O
that	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
a	O
dual	B-Algorithm
in-line	I-Algorithm
package	I-Algorithm
(	O
DIP	B-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TI	O
has	O
gone	O
to	O
some	O
trouble	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
eZ430	B-Architecture
development	O
platform	O
by	O
making	O
the	O
raw	O
chips	O
easy	O
for	O
hobbyists	O
to	O
use	O
in	O
prototypes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TI	O
has	O
tackled	O
the	O
low-budget	O
problem	O
by	O
offering	O
a	O
very	O
small	O
experimenter	O
board	O
,	O
the	O
eZ430-F2013	O
,	O
on	O
a	O
USB	B-Protocol
stick	O
(	O
now	O
obsolete	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
made	O
it	O
easy	O
for	O
designers	O
to	O
choose	O
the	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
chip	O
for	O
inexpensive	O
development	O
platforms	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
a	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
eZ430-F2013	O
contains	O
an	O
MSP430F2013	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
on	O
a	O
detachable	O
prototyping	O
board	O
,	O
and	O
accompanying	O
CD	O
with	O
development	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Texas	O
Instruments	O
released	O
the	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
LaunchPad	O
in	O
July	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
LaunchPad	O
has	O
an	O
onboard	O
flash	B-Application
emulator	I-Application
,	O
USB	B-Protocol
,	O
2	O
programmable	O
LEDs	O
,	O
and	O
1	O
programmable	O
push	O
button	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TI	O
has	O
since	O
provided	O
several	O
new	O
LaunchPads	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
platform	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
three	O
of	O
these	O
LaunchPads	O
include	O
an	O
eZ-FET	O
JTAG	O
debugger	B-Application
with	O
backchannel	O
UART	O
capable	O
of	O
1Mbit/s	O
speeds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MSP-EXP430FR5969	O
,	O
MSP-EXP430FR4133	O
)	O
include	O
EnergyTrace	O
,	O
a	O
feature	O
supported	O
by	O
TI	O
's	O
Code	B-Application
Composer	I-Application
Studio	I-Application
IDE	O
for	O
monitoring	O
and	O
analyzing	O
power	O
consumption	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
common	O
with	O
other	O
microcontroller	B-Architecture
vendors	O
,	O
TI	O
has	O
developed	O
a	O
two-wire	O
debugging	O
interface	O
found	O
on	O
some	O
of	O
their	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
parts	O
that	O
can	O
replace	O
the	O
larger	O
JTAG	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
eZ430	B-Architecture
Development	O
Tool	O
contains	O
a	O
full	O
USB-connected	O
flash	B-Application
emulation	I-Application
tool	I-Application
(	O
FET	O
)	O
for	O
this	O
new	O
two-wire	O
protocol	O
,	O
named	O
Spy-Bi-Wire	O
by	O
TI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spy-Bi-Wire	O
was	O
initially	O
introduced	O
on	O
only	O
the	O
smallest	O
devices	O
in	O
the	O
'	O
F2xx	O
family	O
with	O
limited	O
number	O
of	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
pins	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
MSP430F20xx	O
,	O
MSP430F21x2	O
,	O
and	O
MSP430F22x2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
JTAG	O
interface	O
on	O
the	O
lower	O
pin	O
count	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
parts	O
is	O
multiplexed	O
with	O
general	O
purpose	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
lines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
makes	O
it	O
relatively	O
difficult	O
to	O
debug	O
circuits	O
built	O
around	O
the	O
small	O
,	O
low-I/O	O
-budget	O
chips	O
,	O
since	O
the	O
full	O
4-pin	O
JTAG	O
hardware	O
will	O
conflict	O
with	O
anything	O
else	O
connected	O
to	O
those	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
lines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JTAG	O
debugging	O
and	O
flash	O
programming	O
tools	O
based	O
on	O
OpenOCD	O
and	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
ARM	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
community	O
are	O
not	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programming	O
tools	O
specially	O
designed	O
for	O
the	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
are	O
marginally	O
less	O
expensive	O
than	O
JTAG	O
interfaces	O
that	O
use	O
OpenOCD	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
should	O
it	O
be	O
discovered	O
mid-project	O
that	O
more	O
MIPS	O
,	O
more	O
memory	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
peripherals	O
are	O
needed	O
,	O
those	O
tools	O
will	O
not	O
transfer	O
to	O
a	O
processor	O
from	O
another	O
vendor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
CPU	B-Device
uses	O
a	O
von	B-Architecture
Neumann	I-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
,	O
with	O
a	O
single	O
address	B-General_Concept
space	I-General_Concept
for	O
instructions	O
and	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Memory	O
is	O
byte-addressed	O
,	O
and	O
pairs	O
of	O
bytes	B-Application
are	O
combined	O
little-endian	O
to	O
make	O
16-bit	B-Device
words	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
processor	O
contains	O
16	O
16-bit	B-Device
registers	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
four	O
are	O
dedicated	O
to	O
special	O
purposes	O
:	O
R0	O
is	O
the	O
program	B-General_Concept
counter	I-General_Concept
,	O
R1	O
is	O
the	O
stack	O
pointer	O
,	O
R2	O
is	O
the	O
status	B-General_Concept
register	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
R3	O
is	O
a	O
"	O
constant	O
generator	O
"	O
which	O
reads	O
as	O
zero	O
and	O
ignores	O
writes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
instructions	O
occur	O
in	O
.B	O
(	O
8-bit	O
byte	B-Application
)	O
and	O
.W	O
(	O
16-bit	B-Device
word	O
)	O
suffixed	O
versions	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
value	O
of	O
a	O
B/W	O
bit	O
:	O
the	O
bit	O
is	O
set	O
to	O
1	O
for	O
8-bit	O
and	O
0	O
for	O
16-bit	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Byte	B-Application
operations	O
to	O
memory	O
affect	O
only	O
the	O
addressed	O
byte	B-Application
,	O
while	O
byte	B-Application
operations	O
to	O
registers	O
clear	O
the	O
most	O
significant	O
byte	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instructions	O
are	O
16	B-Device
bits	I-Device
,	O
followed	O
by	O
up	O
to	O
two	O
16-bit	B-Device
extension	O
words	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
special	O
versions	O
can	O
be	O
constructed	O
using	O
R0	O
,	O
and	O
modes	O
other	O
than	O
register	O
direct	O
using	O
R2	O
(	O
the	O
status	B-General_Concept
register	I-General_Concept
)	O
and	O
R3	O
(	O
the	O
constant	O
generator	O
)	O
are	O
interpreted	O
specially	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Indexed	O
addressing	O
modes	O
add	O
a	O
16-bit	B-Device
extension	O
word	O
to	O
the	O
instruction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
+MSP430	O
addressing	O
modes	O
As	O
Ad	O
Register	O
Syntax	O
Description	O
00	O
0	O
n	O
Rn	O
Register	O
direct	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moves	O
to	O
the	O
program	B-General_Concept
counter	I-General_Concept
are	O
allowed	O
and	O
perform	O
jumps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
registers	O
(	O
R4	O
through	O
R15	O
)	O
are	O
incremented	O
by	O
the	O
operand	O
size	O
,	O
either	O
1	O
or	O
2	O
bytes	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
status	B-General_Concept
register	I-General_Concept
contains	O
4	O
arithmetic	O
status	O
bits	O
,	O
a	O
global	O
interrupt	O
enable	O
,	O
and	O
4	O
bits	O
that	O
disable	O
various	O
clocks	O
to	O
enter	O
low-power	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
handling	O
an	O
interrupt	O
,	O
the	O
processor	O
saves	O
the	O
status	B-General_Concept
register	I-General_Concept
on	O
the	O
stack	O
and	O
clears	O
the	O
low-power	O
bits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
interrupt	O
handler	O
does	O
not	O
modify	O
the	O
saved	O
status	B-General_Concept
register	I-General_Concept
,	O
returning	O
from	O
the	O
interrupt	O
will	O
then	O
resume	O
the	O
original	O
low-power	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
basic	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
cannot	O
support	O
more	O
memory	O
(	O
ROM	B-Device
+	O
RAM	B-Architecture
+	O
peripherals	O
)	O
than	O
its	O
64K	O
address	B-General_Concept
space	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
support	O
this	O
,	O
an	O
extended	O
form	O
of	O
the	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
uses	O
20-bit	O
registers	O
and	O
a	O
20-bit	O
address	B-General_Concept
space	I-General_Concept
,	O
allowing	O
up	O
to	O
1	O
MB	O
of	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
general	O
layout	O
of	O
the	O
MSP430	B-Architecture
address	B-General_Concept
space	I-General_Concept
is	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
0x0100	O
–	O
0x01FF	O
16-bit	B-Device
peripherals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
must	O
be	O
accessed	O
using	O
16-bit	B-Device
loads	O
and	O
stores	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
0x0200	O
–	O
0x09FF	O
Up	O
to	O
2048	O
bytes	B-Application
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
0x0C00	O
–	O
0x0FFF	O
1024	O
bytes	B-Application
of	O
bootstrap	O
loader	O
ROM	B-Device
(	O
flash	O
parts	O
only	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
0x1000	O
–	O
0x10FF	O
256	O
bytes	B-Application
of	O
data	O
flash	B-Device
ROM	I-Device
(	O
flash	O
parts	O
only	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
0x1100	O
–	O
0x38FF	O
Extended	O
RAM	B-Architecture
on	O
models	O
with	O
more	O
than	O
2048	O
bytes	B-Application
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
0x1100	O
–	O
0xFFFF	O
Up	O
to	O
60	O
kilobytes	O
of	O
program	O
ROM	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last	O
16	O
or	O
32	O
bytes	B-Application
are	O
interrupt	B-General_Concept
vectors	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
few	O
models	O
include	O
more	O
than	O
2048	O
bytes	B-Application
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
;	O
in	O
that	O
case	O
RAM	B-Architecture
begins	O
at	O
0x1100	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
2048	O
bytes	B-Application
(	O
0x1100	O
–	O
0x18FF	O
)	O
is	O
mirrored	O
at	O
0x0200	O
–	O
0x09FF	O
for	O
compatibility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
some	O
recent	O
models	O
bend	O
the	O
8-bit	O
and	O
16-bit	B-Device
peripheral	O
rules	O
,	O
allowing	O
16-bit	B-Device
access	O
to	O
peripherals	O
in	O
the	O
8-bit	O
peripheral	O
address	B-General_Concept
range	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
extended	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
architecture	O
(	O
named	O
MSP430X	O
)	O
which	O
allows	O
a	O
20-bit	O
address	B-General_Concept
space	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
allows	O
added	O
program	O
ROM	B-Device
beginning	O
at	O
0x10000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
'	O
5xx	O
series	O
has	O
a	O
greatly	O
redesigned	O
address	B-General_Concept
space	I-General_Concept
,	O
with	O
the	O
first	O
4K	O
devoted	O
to	O
peripherals	O
,	O
and	O
up	O
to	O
16K	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
