<s>
Road	O
speed	B-Application
limit	I-Application
enforcement	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
is	O
the	O
action	O
taken	O
by	O
appropriately	O
empowered	O
authorities	O
to	O
attempt	O
to	O
persuade	O
road	O
vehicle	O
users	O
to	O
comply	O
with	O
the	O
speed	B-Application
limits	I-Application
in	O
force	O
on	O
the	O
UK	O
's	O
roads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Methods	O
used	O
include	O
those	O
for	O
detection	O
and	O
prosecution	O
of	O
contraventions	O
such	O
as	O
roadside	O
fixed	B-General_Concept
speed	I-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
,	O
average	B-Application
speed	I-Application
cameras	I-Application
,	O
and	O
police-operated	O
LIDAR	O
speed	O
guns	O
or	O
older	O
radar	O
speed	O
guns	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
2006/7	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
1.75	O
million	O
drivers	O
had	O
their	O
licenses	O
endorsed	O
with	O
3	O
penalty	O
points	O
and	O
£114	O
million	O
was	O
raised	O
from	O
fines	O
;	O
an	O
'	O
e-petition	O
'	O
to	O
ban	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
during	O
2007	O
received	O
28,000	O
signatures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Injury	O
Prevention	O
reported	O
that	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
were	O
effective	O
at	O
reducing	O
accidents	O
and	O
injuries	O
in	O
their	O
vicinity	O
and	O
recommended	O
wider	O
deployment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2010	O
the	O
new	O
Coalition	O
government	O
pledged	O
to	O
scrap	O
public	O
funding	O
for	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
and	O
cut	O
the	O
Road	O
Safety	O
Grant	O
from	O
£95	O
million	O
to	O
£57	O
million	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
survey	O
conducted	O
by	O
The	O
Automobile	O
Association	O
said	O
that	O
use	O
of	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
was	O
supported	O
by	O
75%	O
of	O
their	O
members	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Enforcement	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
increase	O
compliance	O
with	O
speed	B-Application
limits	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
2008	O
,	O
"	O
exceeding	O
the	O
speed	B-Application
limit	I-Application
"	O
was	O
reported	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
contributory	O
factors	O
in	O
5%	O
of	O
all	O
casualty	O
collisions	O
(	O
14%	O
of	O
fatal	O
collisions	O
resulting	O
in	O
15%	O
of	O
all	O
deaths	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Parliament	O
noted	O
that	O
most	O
deaths	O
of	O
pedestrian	O
occurred	O
in	O
urban	O
areas	O
(	O
where	O
the	O
speed	B-Application
limit	I-Application
ranges	O
from	O
20	O
to	O
40mph	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
2003	O
survey	O
of	O
drivers	O
for	O
the	O
Department	O
for	O
Transport	O
found	O
that	O
58%	O
break	O
speed	B-Application
limits	I-Application
on	O
30mph	O
roads	O
and	O
25%	O
break	O
them	O
by	O
more	O
than	O
5mph	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
57%	O
break	O
speed	B-Application
limits	I-Application
on	O
motorways	O
and	O
20%	O
break	O
them	O
by	O
more	O
than	O
10mph	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Motorcyclists	O
also	O
frequently	O
speed	O
as	O
do	O
HGV	O
drivers	O
commonly	O
on	O
single	O
carriageway	O
main	O
roads	O
where	O
their	O
speed	B-Application
limit	I-Application
is	O
50mph	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
many	O
methods	O
used	O
by	O
authorities	O
,	O
in	O
places	O
where	O
the	O
speed	B-Application
limits	I-Application
are	O
not	O
generally	O
observed	O
,	O
to	O
attempt	O
to	O
achieve	O
greater	O
compliance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
to	O
attempt	O
to	O
identify	O
drivers	O
or	O
vehicles	O
that	O
are	O
breaking	O
the	O
speed	B-Application
limit	I-Application
for	O
the	O
purposes	O
of	O
prosecution	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
to	O
remind	O
vehicle	O
users	O
what	O
the	O
speed	B-Application
limit	I-Application
is	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
it	O
should	O
be	O
obeyed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
several	O
types	O
of	O
speed	B-General_Concept
camera	I-General_Concept
in	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
must	O
be	O
calibrated	O
and	O
certified	B-Algorithm
before	O
the	O
images	O
from	O
it	O
are	O
acceptable	O
to	O
the	O
court	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
cameras	O
used	O
in	O
police	O
vehicles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
cameras	O
are	O
installed	O
beside	O
a	O
road	O
and	O
record	O
the	O
instantaneous	O
speed	O
of	O
vehicles	O
and	O
a	O
photograph	O
of	O
vehicles	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
identified	O
as	O
breaking	O
the	O
speed	B-Application
limit	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Truvelo	B-Algorithm
/	O
D-cam	B-Algorithm
digital	O
cameras	O
which	O
use	O
infrared	O
to	O
take	O
a	O
picture	O
of	O
a	O
vehicle	O
as	O
it	O
approaches	O
,	O
which	O
includes	O
an	O
image	O
of	O
the	O
driver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Known	O
as	O
the	O
SPECS	B-Algorithm
system	O
,	O
these	O
cameras	O
measure	O
average	O
speeds	O
over	O
a	O
known	O
or	O
measured	O
distance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
average	O
speed	B-General_Concept
camera	I-General_Concept
in	O
Scotland	O
was	O
installed	O
on	O
the	O
A77	O
road	O
in	O
2004	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vehicle	O
activated	O
signs	O
that	O
illuminate	O
to	O
indicate	O
to	O
a	O
driver	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
exceeding	O
the	O
speed	B-Application
limit	I-Application
–	O
these	O
do	O
not	O
result	O
in	O
the	O
issuance	O
of	O
a	O
penalty	O
,	O
merely	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
warning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Community	O
Speed	O
Watch	O
is	O
only	O
permitted	O
for	O
speed	B-Application
limits	I-Application
of	O
40mph	O
or	O
below	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
devices	O
do	O
not	O
enforce	O
speed	B-Application
limits	I-Application
as	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
adapt	O
to	O
speed	B-Application
limit	I-Application
changes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Swindon	O
councillor	O
is	O
reported	O
to	O
have	O
said	O
that	O
"	O
the	O
whole	O
key	O
is	O
to	O
monitor	O
driver	O
behaviour	O
without	O
beating	O
them	O
over	O
the	O
head	O
"	O
and	O
that	O
"	O
it	O
may	O
annoy	O
them	O
,	O
but	O
I	O
think	O
eventually	O
people	O
will	O
work	O
out	O
that	O
if	O
they	O
maintain	O
a	O
constant	O
speed	O
at	O
or	O
around	O
the	O
speed	B-Application
limit	I-Application
then	O
actually	O
their	O
journey	O
times	O
will	O
be	O
much	O
shorter	O
because	O
they	O
wo	O
n't	O
be	O
getting	O
delayed	O
by	O
traffic	O
lights	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drivers	O
can	O
install	O
free	O
software	O
in	O
their	O
TomTom	O
GPS	O
sat-nav	O
units	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
warning	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
exceeding	O
the	O
speed	B-Application
limit	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
a	O
'	O
voluntary	O
ISA	O
 '	O
system	O
which	O
uses	O
technology	O
installed	O
in	O
the	O
vehicle	O
which	O
makes	O
it	O
difficult	O
to	O
accidentally	O
accelerate	O
beyond	O
the	O
speed	B-Application
limit	I-Application
is	O
being	O
developed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TASCAR	B-Algorithm
stands	O
for	O
Temporary	O
Automatic	O
Speed	B-General_Concept
Camera	I-General_Concept
at	O
Road	O
works	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
the	O
term	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
Highways	O
Agency	O
and	O
other	O
relevant	O
organisations	O
for	O
speed	O
enforcement	O
at	O
works	O
carried	O
out	O
by	O
or	O
on	O
behalf	O
of	O
the	O
agency	O
on	O
the	O
UK	O
road	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
LSE	O
study	O
in	O
2017	O
found	O
that	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
reduced	O
fatalities	O
by	O
58	O
to	O
68%	O
within	O
500	O
metres	O
of	O
the	O
cameras	O
and	O
"	O
adding	O
another	O
1,000	O
cameras	O
to	O
British	O
roads	O
could	O
save	O
up	O
to	O
190	O
lives	O
annually	O
,	O
reduce	O
up	O
to	O
1,130	O
collisions	O
and	O
mitigate	O
330	O
serious	O
injuries.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
2013	O
study	O
by	O
the	O
RAC	O
found	O
a	O
27%	O
reduction	O
in	O
fatal	O
and	O
serious	O
collisions	O
in	O
the	O
vicinity	O
of	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2001	O
the	O
Nottingham	O
Safety	B-General_Concept
Camera	I-General_Concept
Pilot	O
achieved	O
"	O
virtually	O
complete	O
compliance	O
"	O
on	O
the	O
major	O
ring	O
road	O
into	O
the	O
city	O
using	O
average	B-Application
speed	I-Application
cameras	I-Application
,	O
across	O
all	O
Nottinghamshire	O
SPECS	B-Algorithm
installations	O
,	O
KSI	O
(	O
Killed	O
/	O
Seriously	O
Injured	O
)	O
figures	O
have	O
fallen	O
by	O
an	O
average	O
of	O
65%	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2003	O
,	O
Injury	O
Prevention	O
reported	O
that	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
were	O
effective	O
at	O
reducing	O
accidents	O
and	O
injuries	O
and	O
recommended	O
wider	O
deployment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2005	O
the	O
British	O
Medical	O
Journal	O
again	O
reported	O
that	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
were	O
an	O
effective	O
intervention	O
in	O
reducing	O
road	O
traffic	O
collisions	O
and	O
related	O
casualties	O
,	O
noting	O
however	O
that	O
most	O
studies	O
to	O
date	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
satisfactory	O
control	O
groups	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2003	O
Northumbria	O
Police	O
's	O
Acting	O
Chief	O
Inspector	O
of	O
motor	O
patrols	O
suggested	O
that	O
cameras	O
did	O
n't	O
reduce	O
casualties	O
but	O
did	O
raise	O
revenue	O
–	O
an	O
official	O
statement	O
from	O
the	O
police	O
force	O
later	O
re-iterated	O
that	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
do	O
reduce	O
casualties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2005	O
the	O
Department	O
for	O
Transport	O
published	O
a	O
four-year	O
report	O
into	O
Safety	B-General_Concept
Camera	I-General_Concept
Partnerships	O
which	O
concluded	O
that	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
22%	O
reduction	O
in	O
personal	O
injury	O
collisions	O
and	O
42%	O
fewer	O
people	O
being	O
killed	O
or	O
seriously	O
injured	O
following	O
the	O
installation	O
of	O
cameras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Times	O
reported	O
that	O
this	O
research	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
department	O
had	O
been	O
previous	O
exaggerating	O
the	O
safety	O
benefits	O
of	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
but	O
that	O
the	O
results	O
were	O
still	O
'	O
impressive	O
 '	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
report	O
published	O
by	O
the	O
RAC	O
Foundation	O
in	O
2010	O
estimated	O
that	O
an	O
additional	O
800	O
more	O
people	O
a	O
year	O
could	O
be	O
killed	O
or	O
seriously	O
injured	O
on	O
the	O
UK	O
's	O
roads	O
if	O
all	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
were	O
scrapped	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
survey	O
conducted	O
by	O
The	O
Automobile	O
Association	O
in	O
May	O
2010	O
indicated	O
that	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
were	O
supported	O
by	O
75%	O
of	O
their	O
members	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2017	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
average	O
speed	B-General_Concept
camera	I-General_Concept
system	O
on	O
an	O
urban	O
road	O
in	O
Scotland	O
began	O
operating	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
also	O
evidence	O
against	O
the	O
efficacy	O
of	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Within	O
four	O
years	O
of	O
Swindon	O
abandoning	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
fixed	B-General_Concept
speed	I-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
,	O
arguing	O
that	O
the	O
cost	O
did	O
not	O
represent	O
an	O
effective	O
way	O
to	O
reduce	O
road	O
accidents	O
,	O
the	O
town	O
was	O
the	O
safest	O
town	O
to	O
drive	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
accident	O
rates	O
per	O
1,000	O
registered	O
vehicles	O
:	O
a	O
result	O
linked	O
by	O
the	O
Local	O
Authority	O
Member	O
for	O
Council	O
Transformation	O
,	O
Transport	O
and	O
Strategic	O
Planning	O
to	O
the	O
removal	O
of	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
and	O
resultant	O
additional	O
funding	O
for	O
road	O
safety	O
,	O
alongside	O
close	O
working	O
with	O
the	O
police	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MP	O
Angela	O
Watkinson	O
stated	O
in	O
parliament	O
that	O
vehicle	O
activated	O
signs	O
were	O
more	O
effective	O
than	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
–	O
Department	O
for	O
Transport	O
figures	O
show	O
that	O
each	O
vehicle-activated	O
sign	O
is	O
estimated	O
to	O
prevent	O
3.1	O
accidents	O
per	O
year	O
compared	O
to	O
2.2	O
for	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
the	O
decision	O
by	O
Portsmouth	O
City	O
Council	O
to	O
remove	O
all	O
their	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
,	O
a	O
councillor	O
stated	O
that	O
the	O
evidence	O
is	O
that	O
vehicle	O
activated	O
signs	O
are	O
at	O
least	O
as	O
effective	O
at	O
reducing	O
traffic	O
speeds	O
as	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
and	O
at	O
one-tenth	O
of	O
the	O
cost	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
early	O
Locomotive	O
Acts	O
between	O
1866	O
and	O
1896	O
effectively	O
calmed	O
self-propelled	O
traffic	O
by	O
requiring	O
that	O
a	O
man	O
walked	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
each	O
vehicle	O
with	O
a	O
red	O
flag	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
the	O
imposed	O
speed	B-Application
limits	I-Application
of	O
and	O
did	O
not	O
require	O
enforcing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
person	O
to	O
be	O
convicted	O
of	O
speeding	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
was	O
Walter	O
Arnold	O
of	O
East	O
Peckham	O
,	O
Kent	O
,	O
who	O
on	O
28	O
January	O
1896	O
was	O
fined	O
for	O
speeding	O
at	O
,	O
thus	O
exceeding	O
the	O
contemporary	O
speed	B-Application
limit	I-Application
of	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
speed	B-Application
limits	I-Application
for	O
cars	O
and	O
motorcycles	O
were	O
abolished	O
under	O
the	O
Road	O
Traffic	O
Act	O
1930	O
because	O
'	O
the	O
existing	O
speed	B-Application
limit	I-Application
was	O
so	O
universally	O
disobeyed	O
that	O
its	O
maintenance	O
brought	O
the	O
law	O
into	O
contempt	O
 '	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
speed	B-General_Concept
camera	I-General_Concept
was	O
installed	O
in	O
1991	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Association	O
of	O
British	O
Drivers	O
was	O
formed	O
the	O
same	O
year	O
and	O
campaigned	O
vigorously	O
against	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
charity	O
Brake	O
was	O
formed	O
in	O
1995	O
to	O
support	O
traffic	O
victims	O
and	O
campaign	O
for	O
effective	O
enforcement	O
of	O
speed	B-Application
limits	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
charity	O
RoadPeace	O
was	O
founded	O
in	O
1990	O
and	O
has	O
since	O
actively	O
campaigned	O
to	O
increase	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Safety	B-General_Concept
Camera	I-General_Concept
Partnerships	O
were	O
introduced	O
by	O
the	O
Department	O
for	O
Transport	O
in	O
December	O
1999	O
with	O
eight	O
initial	O
trial	O
areas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
introduced	O
registration	O
for	O
number	O
plate	O
suppliers	O
,	O
regulate	O
the	O
specifications	O
for	O
registration	O
plates	O
and	O
provided	O
new	O
'	O
Unified	O
power	O
for	O
Secretary	O
of	O
State	O
to	O
fund	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
etc.	O
'	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
average	O
speed	B-General_Concept
camera	I-General_Concept
in	O
Scotland	O
was	O
installed	O
on	O
the	O
A77	O
road	O
in	O
2004	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vehicle	O
speeds	O
significantly	O
reduced	O
immediately	O
after	O
the	O
system	O
was	O
installed	O
,	O
the	O
average	O
being	O
reduced	O
by	O
5	O
–	O
6mph	O
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
drivers	O
exceeding	O
the	O
speed	B-Application
limit	I-Application
by	O
80%	O
or	O
more	O
in	O
some	O
areas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2005	O
the	O
Department	O
for	O
Transport	O
blocked	O
the	O
installation	O
of	O
nearly	O
500	O
new	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
over	O
concerns	O
that	O
partnerships	O
have	O
failed	O
to	O
consider	O
alternatives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
2006	O
report	O
from	O
the	O
Department	O
for	O
Transport	O
estimated	O
that	O
'	O
exceeding	O
the	O
speed	B-Application
limit	I-Application
 '	O
was	O
a	O
fact	O
in	O
12%	O
of	O
fatal	O
road	O
crashes	O
and	O
5%	O
of	O
all	O
casualty	O
crashes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
2006	O
AA	O
road	O
map	O
controversially	O
included	O
the	O
location	O
for	O
thousands	O
of	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
–	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
such	O
information	O
was	O
available	O
in	O
that	O
form	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
trial	O
of	O
number-plate	O
displaying	O
Vehicle	O
activated	O
signs	O
in	O
2006	O
at	O
roadworks	O
on	O
the	O
M42	O
motorway	O
resulted	O
in	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
speeding	O
traffic	O
slowed	O
down	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
a	O
third	O
who	O
responded	O
to	O
normal	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
April	O
2006	O
there	O
were	O
thirty	O
eight	O
Safety	B-General_Concept
Camera	I-General_Concept
Partnerships	O
in	O
England	O
and	O
Wales	O
covering	O
forty-one	O
police	O
force	O
areas	O
out	O
of	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
forty-three	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
introduced	O
new	O
legislation	O
relating	O
to	O
Road	O
safety	O
grants	O
,	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
surplus	O
income	O
from	O
safety	B-General_Concept
camera	I-General_Concept
enforcement	O
and	O
regulation	O
relating	O
to	O
fixed	O
fines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
April	O
2007	O
authorities	O
received	O
a	O
'	O
Road	O
Safety	O
Grant	O
 '	O
which	O
was	O
no	O
longer	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
fines	O
issued	O
locally	O
and	O
was	O
instead	O
given	O
directly	O
to	O
those	O
Local	O
Authorities	O
responsible	O
for	O
road	O
safety	O
regardless	O
or	O
not	O
of	O
whether	O
they	O
operate	O
traffic	B-General_Concept
enforcement	I-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
2007	O
a	O
e-petition	O
to	O
ban	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
organised	O
by	O
Safe	O
Speed	O
received	O
28,000	O
signatures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Funding	O
for	O
Safety	B-General_Concept
Camera	I-General_Concept
Partnership	O
changed	O
in	O
April	O
2007	O
and	O
has	O
subsequently	O
come	O
from	O
Department	O
for	O
Transport	O
as	O
'	O
Road	O
Safety	O
Grants	O
 '	O
rather	O
than	O
being	O
directly	O
linked	O
to	O
money	O
raised	O
locally	O
from	O
fines	O
as	O
it	O
had	O
been	O
previously	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
thus	O
became	O
the	O
first	O
local	O
council	O
with	O
no	O
fixed	O
cameras	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
police	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
use	O
their	O
mobile	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
to	O
enforce	O
speed	B-Application
limits	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
journalist	O
George	O
Monbiot	O
claimed	O
that	O
the	O
results	O
were	O
not	O
statistically	B-General_Concept
significant	I-General_Concept
,	O
highlighting	O
earlier	O
findings	O
across	O
the	O
whole	O
of	O
Wiltshire	O
that	O
there	O
had	O
been	O
a	O
33%	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
killed	O
and	O
seriously	O
injured	O
generally	O
and	O
a	O
68%	O
reduction	O
at	O
camera	O
sites	O
during	O
the	O
previous	O
3	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
report	O
by	O
ICM	O
Research	O
(	O
an	O
Opinion	O
poll	O
research	O
organisation	O
)	O
sponsored	O
by	O
motor	O
insurance	O
company	O
LV	O
in	O
2010	O
indicated	O
that	O
1%	O
of	O
accidents	O
are	O
caused	O
by	O
drivers	O
braking	O
and	O
then	O
accelerating	O
near	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
and	O
that	O
this	O
would	O
equates	O
to	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
some	O
28,000	O
accidents	O
across	O
the	O
country	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
spokesman	O
said	O
that	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
'	O
impair	O
driving	O
ability	O
or	O
at	O
the	O
least	O
concentration	O
on	O
the	O
road	O
 '	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2010	O
the	O
new	O
Coalition	O
government	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
'	O
Labour	O
's	O
13-year	O
war	O
on	O
the	O
motorist	O
is	O
over	O
 '	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
new	O
government	O
'	O
pledged	O
to	O
scrap	O
public	O
funding	O
for	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
 '	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2010	O
,	O
Mike	O
Penning	O
,	O
the	O
Road	O
safety	O
minister	O
reduced	O
the	O
Road	O
Safety	O
Grant	O
for	O
the	O
current	O
year	O
to	O
Local	O
Authorities	O
from	O
£95	O
million	O
to	O
£57	O
million	O
saying	O
that	O
local	O
authorities	O
had	O
relied	O
too	O
heavily	O
on	O
safety	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
for	O
far	O
too	O
long	O
and	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
pleased	O
that	O
some	O
councils	O
were	O
now	O
focusing	O
on	O
other	O
road	O
safety	O
measures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2010	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
9	O
of	O
Somerset	O
's	O
26	O
fixed	B-General_Concept
speed	I-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
were	O
to	O
be	O
switched	O
off	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
BBC	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
Devon	O
and	O
Cornwall	O
Safety	B-General_Concept
Camera	I-General_Concept
Partnership	O
was	O
to	O
be	O
wound	O
up	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
no	O
speed	B-General_Concept
camera	I-General_Concept
would	O
be	O
operated	O
in	O
the	O
South	O
West	O
from	O
the	O
following	O
year	O
unless	O
funding	O
was	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
government	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
in	O
July	O
2010	O
one-fifth	O
of	O
the	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
in	O
Northamptonshire	O
were	O
switched	O
off	O
–	O
the	O
council	O
would	O
not	O
reveal	O
which	O
of	O
its	O
42	O
cameras	O
remained	O
active	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
announced	O
plans	O
to	O
review	O
camera	O
provision	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
the	O
Oxfordshire	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
were	O
switched	O
off	O
on	O
1	O
August	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
,	O
Oxfordshire	O
's	O
Thames	O
Valley	O
Safer	O
Roads	O
Partnership	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
drivers	O
speeding	O
past	O
the	O
county	O
's	O
deactivated	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
had	O
increased	O
by	O
up	O
to	O
88%	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2010	O
,	O
some	O
opposition	O
politicians	O
and	O
some	O
road	O
safety	O
campaigners	O
claimed	O
that	O
lives	O
were	O
being	O
put	O
at	O
risk	O
by	O
the	O
removal	O
of	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2010	O
,	O
Wiltshire	O
switched	O
off	O
its	O
remaining	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
,	O
both	O
fixed	O
and	O
mobile	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Speed	B-Application
limit	I-Application
enforcement	O
will	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
provided	O
in	O
the	O
county	O
by	O
Wiltshire	O
's	O
traffic	O
police	O
and	O
Community	O
Speed	O
Watch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2010	O
,	O
Portsmouth	O
City	O
Council	O
decided	O
to	O
end	O
its	O
membership	O
of	O
the	O
Hampshire	O
and	O
Isle	O
of	O
Wight	O
Road	O
Safety	O
Partnership	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
remove	O
all	O
its	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
2017	O
Freedom	O
of	O
Information	O
request	O
found	O
that	O
52%	O
of	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
in	O
the	O
UK	O
were	O
switched	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
report	O
showed	O
that	O
four	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
45	O
police	O
forces	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
had	O
no	O
working	O
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
and	O
that	O
West	O
Yorkshire	O
,	O
South	O
Yorkshire	O
,	O
Greater	O
Manchester	O
,	O
Kent	O
and	O
Cheshire	O
police	O
forces	O
had	O
a	O
quarter	O
or	O
less	O
active	O
cameras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
reason	O
for	O
this	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
cut	O
in	O
funding	O
and	O
many	O
cameras	O
,	O
most	O
notably	O
many	O
Gatso	O
and	O
Truvelo	B-Algorithm
Combi	I-Algorithm
speed	B-General_Concept
cameras	I-General_Concept
,	O
still	O
used	O
older	O
film	O
technologies	O
rather	O
than	O
newer	O
digital	O
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
