<s>
Systems	B-Application
management	I-Application
refers	O
to	O
enterprise-wide	O
administration	B-Application
of	O
distributed	O
systems	O
including	O
(	O
and	O
commonly	O
in	O
practice	O
)	O
computer	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Systems	B-Application
management	I-Application
is	O
strongly	O
influenced	O
by	O
network	O
management	O
initiatives	O
in	O
telecommunications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
application	B-Application
performance	I-Application
management	I-Application
(	O
APM	O
)	O
technologies	O
are	O
now	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
Systems	B-Application
management	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Centralized	O
management	O
has	O
a	O
time	O
and	O
effort	O
trade-off	O
that	O
is	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
company	O
,	O
the	O
expertise	O
of	O
the	O
IT	B-General_Concept
staff	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
technology	O
being	O
used	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
very	O
large	O
business	O
with	O
thousands	O
of	O
similar	O
employee	O
computers	O
may	O
clearly	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
save	O
time	O
and	O
money	O
,	O
by	O
having	O
IT	B-General_Concept
staff	I-General_Concept
learn	O
to	O
do	O
systems	B-Application
management	I-Application
automation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
small	O
branch	O
office	O
of	O
a	O
large	O
corporation	O
may	O
have	O
access	O
to	O
a	O
central	O
IT	B-General_Concept
staff	I-General_Concept
,	O
with	O
the	O
experience	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
automated	O
management	O
of	O
the	O
systems	O
in	O
the	O
branch	O
office	O
,	O
without	O
need	O
for	O
local	O
staff	O
in	O
the	O
branch	O
office	O
to	O
do	O
the	O
work	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Systems	B-Application
management	I-Application
may	O
involve	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
tasks	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Network	B-General_Concept
capacity	I-General_Concept
and	O
utilization	O
monitoring	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
What	O
steps	O
are	O
necessary	O
to	O
install	O
it	B-General_Concept
on	O
perhaps	O
hundreds	O
or	O
thousands	O
of	O
computers	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
licensed	O
user	O
limit	O
is	O
reached	O
,	O
either	O
prevent	O
more	O
people	O
from	O
using	O
it	B-General_Concept
,	O
or	O
allow	O
overflow	O
and	O
notify	O
accounting	O
that	O
more	O
licenses	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
purchased	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Performance	O
management	O
functions	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
split	O
into	O
end-to-end	O
performance	O
measuring	O
and	O
infrastructure	B-Application
component	I-Application
measuring	O
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
recently	O
emerging	O
sector	O
is	O
operational	O
intelligence	O
(	O
OI	O
)	O
which	O
focuses	O
on	O
real-time	O
monitoring	O
of	O
business	O
events	O
that	O
relate	O
to	O
business	O
processes	O
,	O
not	O
unlike	O
business	B-Application
activity	I-Application
monitoring	I-Application
(	O
BAM	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Schools	O
that	O
offer	O
or	O
have	O
offered	O
degrees	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
systems	B-Application
management	I-Application
include	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Southern	O
California	O
,	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Denver	O
,	O
Capitol	O
Technology	O
University	O
,	O
and	O
Florida	O
Institute	O
of	O
Technology	O
.	O
</s>
