<s>
Synchronous	B-Protocol
conferencing	I-Protocol
is	O
the	O
formal	O
term	O
used	O
in	O
computing	O
,	O
in	O
particular	O
in	O
computer-mediated	O
communication	O
,	O
collaboration	O
and	O
learning	O
,	O
to	O
describe	O
technologies	O
informally	O
known	O
as	O
online	B-Protocol
chat	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
sometimes	O
extended	O
to	O
include	O
audio/video	B-Application
conferencing	I-Application
or	O
instant	B-Application
messaging	I-Application
systems	O
that	O
provide	O
a	O
text-based	B-Application
multi-user	B-Protocol
chat	I-Protocol
function	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
word	O
synchronous	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
qualify	O
the	O
conferencing	O
as	O
real-time	B-Protocol
,	O
as	O
distinct	O
from	O
a	O
system	O
such	O
as	O
e-mail	O
,	O
where	O
messages	O
are	O
left	O
and	O
answered	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Synchronous	B-Protocol
conferencing	I-Protocol
protocols	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
video	B-Application
conferencing	I-Application
:	O
Both	O
audio	O
(	O
voice	O
)	O
and	O
video	O
and	O
picture	O
are	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
synchronous	O
and	O
asynchronous	O
conferencing	O
are	O
online	B-Protocol
conferencing	I-Protocol
where	O
the	O
participants	O
can	O
interact	O
while	O
being	O
physically	O
located	O
at	O
different	O
places	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Asynchronous	O
conferencing	O
allows	O
the	O
students	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
learning	O
material	O
at	O
their	O
convenience	O
while	O
synchronous	B-Protocol
conferencing	I-Protocol
requires	O
that	O
all	O
participants	O
including	O
the	O
instructor	O
and	O
the	O
students	O
be	O
online	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
conference	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
synchronous	B-Protocol
conferencing	I-Protocol
enables	O
real	O
time	O
interaction	O
of	O
the	O
participants	O
,	O
asynchronous	O
conferencing	O
allows	O
participants	O
to	O
post	O
messages	O
and	O
others	O
can	O
respond	O
to	O
it	O
at	O
any	O
convenient	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
methods	O
used	O
in	O
synchronous	B-Protocol
conferencing	I-Protocol
are	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Chat	B-Protocol
(	O
text	O
only	O
)	O
:	O
Multiple	O
participants	O
can	O
be	O
logged	O
into	O
the	O
conference	O
and	O
can	O
interactively	O
share	O
resources	O
and	O
ideas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
also	O
option	O
to	O
save	O
the	O
chat	B-Protocol
and	O
archive	O
it	O
for	O
later	O
review	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Voice	O
(	O
telephone	O
or	O
voice-over	B-Application
IP	I-Application
)	O
:	O
This	O
is	O
a	O
conference	O
call	O
between	O
the	O
instructor	O
and	O
the	O
participating	O
students	O
where	O
they	O
can	O
speak	O
through	O
built-in	O
microphone	O
or	O
a	O
headset	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Video	B-Application
conferencing	I-Application
:	O
This	O
may	O
or	O
may	O
not	O
require	O
the	O
participants	O
to	O
have	O
their	O
webcams	O
running	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Usually	O
,	O
a	O
video	B-Application
conference	I-Application
involves	O
a	O
live	O
feed	O
from	O
a	O
classroom	O
or	O
elsewhere	O
or	O
a	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Web	B-Protocol
conferencing	I-Protocol
:	O
This	O
includes	O
Webinar	B-Protocol
(	O
Web-based	O
seminar	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
in	O
video	B-Application
conferencing	I-Application
,	O
participants	O
of	O
a	O
web	B-Protocol
conferencing	I-Protocol
can	O
access	O
a	O
wider	O
variety	O
of	O
media	O
elements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Web	B-Protocol
conferences	I-Protocol
are	O
comparatively	O
more	O
interactive	O
and	O
usually	O
incorporate	O
chat	B-Protocol
sessions	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internet	O
radio/podcasts	O
:	O
The	O
instructors	O
makes	O
the	O
audio	O
file	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
Internet	O
which	O
is	O
archived	O
and	O
the	O
students	O
subscribed	O
to	O
the	O
podcast	B-Operating_System
can	O
download	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Virtual	B-Application
worlds	I-Application
:	O
In	O
this	O
set	O
up	O
,	O
students	O
can	O
meet	O
in	O
virtual	B-Application
world	I-Application
and	O
speak	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
through	O
headsets	O
and	O
VoIP	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Synchronous	B-Protocol
conferencing	I-Protocol
in	O
education	O
helps	O
in	O
the	O
delivery	O
of	O
content	O
through	O
digital	O
media	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
this	O
is	O
a	O
real-time	B-Protocol
teaching	O
,	O
it	O
also	O
brings	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
face-to-face	O
teaching	O
in	O
distance	O
learning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
advantages	O
of	O
synchronous	B-Protocol
conferencing	I-Protocol
in	O
education	O
are	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
tools	O
for	O
implementing	O
synchronous	B-Protocol
conferencing	I-Protocol
depends	O
on	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
educational	O
problem	O
addressed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
in	O
turn	O
decides	O
the	O
method	O
of	O
synchronous	B-Protocol
conferencing	I-Protocol
to	O
be	O
used	O
and	O
the	O
tool	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
learning	O
context	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
many	O
tools	O
and	O
platforms	O
available	O
for	O
synchronous	B-Protocol
conferencing	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
make	O
synchronous	B-Protocol
conferencing	I-Protocol
effective	O
and	O
engaging	O
,	O
appropriate	O
teaching	O
strategies	O
are	O
important	O
and	O
plays	O
a	O
very	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
making	O
the	O
learning	O
successful	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
limitations	O
for	O
synchronous	B-Protocol
conferencing	I-Protocol
in	O
learning	O
are	O
:	O
</s>
