<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
discontinued	O
mobile	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
(	O
OS	O
)	O
and	O
computing	B-Device
platform	I-Device
designed	O
for	O
smartphones	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
originally	O
developed	O
as	O
a	O
proprietary	B-Application
software	I-Application
OS	O
for	O
personal	B-Application
digital	I-Application
assistants	I-Application
in	O
1998	O
by	O
the	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
Ltd	O
.	O
consortium	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
descendant	O
of	O
Psion	B-Application
's	O
EPOC	B-Language
,	O
and	O
was	O
released	O
exclusively	O
on	O
ARM	B-Architecture
processors	I-Architecture
,	O
although	O
an	O
unreleased	O
x86	B-Operating_System
port	O
existed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
was	O
used	O
by	O
many	O
major	O
mobile	O
phone	O
brands	O
,	O
like	O
Samsung	B-Application
,	O
Motorola	O
,	O
Sony	O
Ericsson	O
,	O
and	O
above	O
all	O
by	O
Nokia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
pioneer	O
that	O
established	O
the	O
smartphone	B-Application
industry	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
smartphone	B-Application
OS	O
on	O
a	O
worldwide	O
average	O
until	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2010	O
,	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
when	O
smartphones	B-Application
were	O
in	O
limited	O
use	O
,	O
when	O
it	O
was	O
overtaken	O
by	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
and	O
Android	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
platform	O
is	O
formed	O
of	O
two	O
components	O
:	O
one	O
being	O
the	O
microkernel-based	O
operating	O
system	O
with	O
its	O
associated	O
libraries	B-Library
,	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
being	O
the	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
as	O
middleware	B-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
which	O
provides	O
the	O
graphical	O
shell	O
atop	O
the	O
OS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
prominent	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
was	O
the	O
S60	B-Language
(	O
formerly	O
Series	B-Language
60	I-Language
)	O
platform	O
built	O
by	O
Nokia	O
,	O
first	O
released	O
in	O
2002	O
and	O
powering	O
most	O
Nokia	B-Operating_System
Symbian	I-Operating_System
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
UIQ	B-Language
was	O
a	O
competing	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
mostly	O
used	O
by	O
Motorola	O
and	O
Sony	O
Ericsson	O
that	O
focused	O
on	O
pen-based	O
devices	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
a	O
traditional	O
keyboard	O
interface	B-Application
from	O
S60	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
interface	B-Application
was	O
the	O
MOAP(S )	O
platform	O
from	O
carrier	O
NTT	O
DoCoMo	O
in	O
the	O
Japanese	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Applications	B-Application
of	O
these	O
different	O
interfaces	O
were	O
not	O
compatible	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
despite	O
each	O
being	O
built	O
atop	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nokia	O
became	O
the	O
largest	O
shareholder	O
of	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
Ltd	O
.	O
in	O
2004	O
and	O
purchased	O
the	O
entire	O
company	O
in	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
non-profit	O
Symbian	B-Application
Foundation	I-Application
was	O
then	O
created	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
royalty-free	O
successor	O
to	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Seeking	O
to	O
unify	O
the	O
platform	O
,	O
S60	B-Language
became	O
the	O
Foundation	O
's	O
favoured	O
interface	B-Application
and	O
UIQ	B-Language
stopped	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
touchscreen-focused	O
Symbian^1	O
(	O
or	O
S60	B-Language
5th	O
Edition	O
)	O
was	O
created	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
in	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian^2	O
(	O
based	O
on	O
MOAP	B-Language
)	O
was	O
used	O
by	O
NTT	O
DoCoMo	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
Foundation	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
Japanese	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian^3	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
2010	O
as	O
the	O
successor	O
to	O
S60	B-Language
5th	O
Edition	O
,	O
by	O
which	O
time	O
it	O
became	O
fully	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
transition	O
from	O
a	O
proprietary	B-Application
operating	O
system	O
to	O
a	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
project	O
is	O
believed	O
to	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
largest	O
in	O
history	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian^3	O
received	O
the	O
Anna	O
and	O
Belle	O
updates	O
in	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Symbian	B-Application
Foundation	I-Application
disintegrated	O
in	O
late	O
2010	O
and	O
Nokia	O
took	O
back	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
OS	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2011	O
,	O
Nokia	O
,	O
by	O
now	O
the	O
only	O
remaining	O
company	O
still	O
supporting	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
outside	O
Japan	O
,	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
use	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Windows	B-Protocol
Phone	I-Protocol
7	O
as	O
its	O
primary	O
smartphone	B-Application
platform	O
,	O
while	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
would	O
be	O
gradually	O
wound	O
down	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
months	O
later	O
,	O
Nokia	O
moved	O
the	O
OS	O
to	O
proprietary	B-Application
licensing	O
,	O
only	O
collaborating	O
with	O
the	O
Japanese	O
OEMs	O
and	O
later	O
outsourced	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
development	O
to	O
Accenture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
support	O
was	O
promised	O
until	O
2016	O
,	O
including	O
two	O
major	O
planned	O
updates	O
,	O
by	O
2012	O
Nokia	O
had	O
mostly	O
abandoned	O
development	O
and	O
most	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
developers	O
had	O
already	O
left	O
Accenture	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
January	O
2014	O
Nokia	O
stopped	O
accepting	O
new	O
or	O
changed	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
software	O
from	O
developers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Nokia	B-Language
808	I-Language
PureView	I-Language
in	O
2012	O
was	O
officially	O
the	O
last	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
smartphone	B-Application
from	O
Nokia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NTT	O
DoCoMo	O
continued	O
releasing	O
OPP(S )	O
(	O
Operator	O
Pack	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
,	O
successor	O
of	O
MOAP	B-Language
)	O
devices	O
in	O
Japan	O
,	O
which	O
still	O
act	O
as	O
middleware	B-General_Concept
on	O
top	O
of	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
originated	O
from	O
EPOC32	B-Language
,	O
an	O
operating	O
system	O
created	O
by	O
Psion	B-Application
in	O
the	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
1998	O
,	O
Psion	B-Application
Software	O
became	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
Ltd.	O
,	O
a	O
major	O
joint	O
venture	O
between	O
Psion	B-Application
and	O
phone	O
manufacturers	O
Ericsson	O
,	O
Motorola	O
,	O
and	O
Nokia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Afterwards	O
,	O
different	O
software	B-Device
platforms	I-Device
were	O
created	O
for	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
,	O
backed	O
by	O
different	O
groups	O
of	O
mobile	O
phone	O
manufacturers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
include	O
S60	B-Language
(	O
Nokia	O
,	O
Samsung	B-Application
and	O
LG	O
)	O
,	O
UIQ	B-Language
(	O
Sony	O
Ericsson	O
and	O
Motorola	O
)	O
and	O
MOAP(S )	O
(	O
Japanese	O
only	O
such	O
as	O
Fujitsu	O
,	O
Sharp	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
no	O
major	O
competition	O
in	O
the	O
smartphone	B-Application
OS	O
then	O
(	O
Palm	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
and	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
Mobile	I-Operating_System
were	O
comparatively	O
small	O
players	O
)	O
,	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
reached	O
as	O
high	O
as	O
67%	O
of	O
the	O
global	O
smartphone	B-Application
market	O
share	O
in	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
its	O
sizable	O
market	O
share	O
then	O
,	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
was	O
at	O
various	O
stages	O
difficult	O
to	O
develop	O
for	O
:	O
First	O
(	O
at	O
around	O
early-to-mid-2000s	O
)	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
complexity	O
of	O
then	O
the	O
only	O
native	O
programming	O
languages	O
Open	B-Language
Programming	I-Language
Language	I-Language
(	O
OPL	O
)	O
and	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
C++	B-Language
,	O
and	O
of	O
the	O
OS	O
;	O
then	O
the	O
stubborn	O
developer	O
bureaucracy	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
high	O
prices	O
of	O
various	O
integrated	B-Application
development	I-Application
environments	I-Application
(	O
IDEs	O
)	O
and	O
software	B-Application
development	I-Application
kits	I-Application
(	O
SDKs	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
prohibitive	O
for	O
independent	O
or	O
very	O
small	O
developers	O
;	O
and	O
then	O
the	O
subsequent	O
fragmentation	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
in	O
part	O
caused	O
by	O
infighting	O
among	O
and	O
within	O
manufacturers	O
,	O
each	O
of	O
which	O
also	O
had	O
their	O
own	O
IDEs	O
and	O
SDKs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
of	O
this	O
discouraged	O
third-party	O
developers	O
,	O
and	O
served	O
to	O
cause	O
the	O
native	O
app	O
ecosystem	O
for	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
not	O
to	O
evolve	O
to	O
a	O
scale	O
later	O
reached	O
by	O
Apple	O
's	O
App	O
Store	O
or	O
Android	B-Application
's	O
Google	O
Play	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
contrast	O
,	O
iPhone	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
(	O
renamed	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
in	O
2010	O
)	O
and	O
Android	B-Application
had	O
comparatively	O
simpler	O
design	O
,	O
provided	O
easier	O
and	O
much	O
more	O
centralized	O
infrastructure	O
to	O
create	O
and	O
obtain	O
third-party	O
apps	O
,	O
offered	O
certain	O
developer	O
tools	O
and	O
programming	O
languages	O
with	O
a	O
manageable	O
level	O
of	O
complexity	O
,	O
and	O
having	O
abilities	O
such	O
as	O
multitasking	O
and	O
graphics	O
to	O
meet	O
future	O
consumer	O
demands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
was	O
difficult	O
to	O
program	O
for	O
,	O
this	O
issue	O
could	O
be	O
worked	O
around	O
by	O
creating	O
Java	O
Mobile	O
Edition	O
apps	O
,	O
ostensibly	O
under	O
a	O
"	O
write	O
once	O
,	O
run	O
anywhere	O
"	O
slogan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
n't	O
always	O
the	O
case	O
because	O
of	O
fragmentation	O
due	O
to	O
different	O
device	O
screen	O
sizes	O
and	O
differences	O
in	O
levels	O
of	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
support	O
on	O
various	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2008	O
,	O
Nokia	O
announced	O
the	O
acquisition	O
of	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
Ltd.	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
independent	O
non-profit	O
organization	O
called	O
the	O
Symbian	B-Application
Foundation	I-Application
was	O
established	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
and	O
its	O
associated	O
user	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
S60	B-Language
,	O
UIQ	B-Language
,	O
and	O
MOAP(S )	O
were	O
contributed	O
by	O
their	O
owners	O
Nokia	O
,	O
NTT	O
DoCoMo	O
,	O
Sony	O
Ericsson	O
,	O
and	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
Ltd.	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
foundation	O
with	O
the	O
objective	O
of	O
creating	O
the	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
platform	I-Operating_System
as	O
a	O
royalty-free	O
,	O
Free	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
under	O
the	B-Operating_System
Free	I-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
(	O
FSF	O
)	O
and	O
Open	B-Operating_System
Source	O
Initiative	O
(	O
OSI	O
)	O
approved	O
Eclipse	B-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
(	O
EPL	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
platform	O
was	O
designated	O
as	O
the	O
successor	O
to	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
following	O
the	O
official	O
launch	O
of	O
the	O
Symbian	B-Application
Foundation	I-Application
in	O
April	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
platform	I-Operating_System
was	O
officially	O
made	O
available	O
as	O
Free	B-Application
software	I-Application
in	O
February	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nokia	O
became	O
the	O
major	O
contributor	O
to	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
's	O
code	O
,	O
since	O
it	O
then	O
possessed	O
the	O
development	O
resources	O
for	O
both	O
the	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
core	O
and	O
the	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
was	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
developed	O
by	O
a	O
community	O
led	O
by	O
the	O
Symbian	B-Application
Foundation	I-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
first	O
announced	O
in	O
June	O
2008	O
and	O
which	O
officially	O
launched	O
in	O
April	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
objective	O
was	O
to	O
publish	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
for	O
the	O
entire	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
platform	I-Operating_System
under	O
the	O
OSI	O
and	O
FSF	O
approved	O
EPL	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
code	O
was	O
published	O
under	O
EPL	O
on	O
4	O
February	O
2010	O
;	O
Symbian	B-Application
Foundation	I-Application
reported	O
this	O
event	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
largest	O
codebase	O
moved	O
to	O
Free	B-Application
software	I-Application
in	O
history	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
some	O
important	O
components	O
within	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
were	O
licensed	O
from	O
third	O
parties	O
,	O
which	O
prevented	O
the	O
foundation	O
from	O
publishing	O
the	O
full	O
source	O
under	O
EPL	O
immediately	O
;	O
instead	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
source	O
was	O
published	O
under	O
a	O
more	O
restrictive	O
Symbian	B-Application
Foundation	I-Application
License	O
(	O
SFL	O
)	O
and	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
full	O
source	O
code	O
was	O
limited	O
to	O
member	O
companies	O
only	O
,	O
although	O
membership	O
was	O
open	B-Operating_System
to	O
any	O
organisation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
the	O
Free	B-Application
software	I-Application
Qt	B-Language
framework	I-Language
was	O
introduced	O
to	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
in	O
2010	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
primary	O
upgrade	O
path	O
to	O
MeeGo	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
was	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
next	O
mobile	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
to	O
replace	O
and	O
supplant	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
on	O
high-end	O
devices	O
;	O
Qt	B-Language
was	O
by	O
its	O
nature	O
free	B-Application
and	O
very	O
convenient	O
to	O
develop	O
with	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
other	O
frameworks	O
were	O
deployed	O
to	O
the	O
platform	O
,	O
among	O
them	O
Standard	O
C	B-Language
and	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
Ruby	B-Language
,	O
and	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Lite	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
IDEs	O
and	O
SDKs	O
were	O
developed	O
and	O
then	O
released	O
for	O
free	B-Application
,	O
and	O
application	B-Application
software	I-Application
(	O
app	O
)	O
development	O
for	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
picked	O
up	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
Symbian	B-Application
Foundation	I-Application
announced	O
that	O
due	O
to	O
changes	O
in	O
global	O
economic	O
and	O
market	O
conditions	O
(	O
and	O
also	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
support	O
from	O
members	O
such	O
as	O
Samsung	B-Application
and	O
Sony	O
Ericsson	O
)	O
,	O
it	O
would	O
transition	O
to	O
a	O
licensing-only	O
organisation	O
;	O
Nokia	O
announced	O
it	O
would	O
take	O
over	O
the	O
stewardship	O
of	O
the	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
platform	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Application
Foundation	I-Application
would	O
remain	O
the	O
trademark	O
holder	O
and	O
licensing	O
entity	O
and	O
would	O
only	O
have	O
non-executive	O
directors	O
involved	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
market	O
share	O
sliding	O
from	O
39%	O
in	O
Q32010	O
to	O
31%	O
in	O
Q42010	O
,	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
was	O
losing	O
ground	O
to	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
and	O
Android	B-Application
quickly	O
,	O
eventually	O
falling	O
behind	O
Android	B-Application
in	O
Q42010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stephen	O
Elop	O
was	O
appointed	O
the	O
CEO	O
of	O
Nokia	O
in	O
September	O
2010	O
,	O
and	O
on	O
11	O
February	O
2011	O
,	O
he	O
announced	O
a	O
partnership	O
with	O
Microsoft	O
that	O
would	O
see	O
Nokia	O
adopt	O
Windows	B-Protocol
Phone	I-Protocol
as	O
its	O
primary	O
smartphone	B-Application
platform	O
,	O
and	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
would	O
be	O
gradually	O
phased	O
out	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
MeeGo	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
consequence	O
,	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
's	O
market	O
share	O
fell	O
,	O
and	O
application	O
developers	O
for	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
dropped	O
out	O
rapidly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Research	O
in	O
June	O
2011	O
indicated	O
that	O
over	O
39%	O
of	O
mobile	O
developers	O
using	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
at	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
publication	O
were	O
planning	O
to	O
abandon	O
the	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
5	O
April	O
2011	O
,	O
Nokia	O
ceased	O
to	O
make	O
free	B-Application
any	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
software	O
and	O
reduced	O
its	O
collaboration	O
to	O
a	O
small	O
group	O
of	O
preselected	O
partners	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Accenture	O
will	O
provide	O
Symbian-based	O
software	O
development	O
and	O
support	O
services	O
to	O
Nokia	O
through	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nokia	O
terminated	O
its	O
support	O
of	O
software	O
development	O
and	O
maintenance	O
for	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
with	O
effect	O
from	O
1	O
January	O
2014	O
,	O
thereafter	O
refusing	O
to	O
publish	O
new	O
or	O
changed	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
applications	B-Application
or	O
content	O
in	O
the	O
Nokia	B-Application
Store	I-Application
and	O
terminating	O
its	O
'	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
Signed	O
 '	O
program	O
for	O
software	O
certification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
has	O
had	O
a	O
native	O
graphics	O
toolkit	O
since	O
its	O
inception	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
AVKON	B-Language
(	O
formerly	O
known	O
as	O
Series	B-Language
60	I-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
S60	B-Language
was	O
designed	O
to	O
be	O
manipulated	O
by	O
a	O
keyboard-like	O
interface	B-Application
metaphor	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
~	O
15-key	O
augmented	O
telephone	O
keypad	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
mini-QWERTY	O
keyboards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AVKON-based	O
software	O
is	O
binary-compatible	B-General_Concept
with	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
versions	O
up	O
to	O
and	O
including	O
Symbian^3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian^3	O
includes	O
the	O
Qt	B-Language
framework	I-Language
,	O
which	O
is	O
now	O
the	O
recommended	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
toolkit	O
for	O
new	O
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Qt	B-Language
can	O
also	O
be	O
installed	O
on	O
older	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian^4	O
was	O
planned	O
to	O
introduce	O
a	O
new	O
GUI	B-Application
library	O
framework	B-Architecture
specifically	O
designed	O
for	O
a	O
touch-based	O
interface	B-Application
,	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
UI	O
Extensions	O
for	O
Mobile	O
"	O
or	O
UIEMO	O
(	O
internal	O
project	O
name	O
"	O
Orbit	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
built	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
Qt	B-Language
Widget	O
;	O
a	O
preview	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
January	O
2010	O
,	O
however	O
in	O
October	O
2010	O
Nokia	O
announced	O
that	O
Orbit/UIEMO	O
had	O
been	O
cancelled	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nokia	O
later	O
recommended	O
that	O
developers	O
use	O
Qt	B-Language
Quick	I-Language
with	O
QML	B-Language
,	O
the	O
new	O
high-level	O
declarative	O
UI	O
and	O
scripting	O
framework	B-Architecture
for	O
creating	O
visually	O
rich	O
touchscreen	B-Device
interfaces	I-Device
that	O
allowed	O
development	O
for	O
both	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
and	O
MeeGo	B-Operating_System
;	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
delivered	O
to	O
existing	O
Symbian^3	O
devices	O
as	O
a	O
Qt	B-Language
update	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
more	O
applications	B-Application
gradually	O
feature	O
a	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
reworked	O
in	O
Qt	B-Language
,	O
the	O
legacy	O
S60	B-Language
framework	B-Architecture
(	O
AVKON	B-Language
)	O
would	O
be	O
deprecated	O
and	O
no	O
longer	O
included	O
with	O
new	O
devices	O
at	O
some	O
point	O
,	O
thus	O
breaking	O
binary	B-General_Concept
compatibility	I-General_Concept
with	O
older	O
S60	B-Language
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian^3	O
and	O
earlier	O
have	O
a	O
built-in	O
WebKit	B-Language
based	O
browser	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
was	O
the	O
first	O
mobile	B-Operating_System
platform	I-Operating_System
to	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
WebKit	B-Language
(	O
in	O
June	O
2005	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
older	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
models	O
have	O
Opera	B-Language
Mobile	I-Language
as	O
their	O
default	O
browser	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nokia	O
released	O
a	O
new	O
browser	B-Language
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
Anna	I-Operating_System
with	O
improved	O
speed	O
and	O
an	O
improved	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
had	O
strong	O
localization	O
support	O
enabling	O
manufacturers	O
and	O
3rd	O
party	O
application	O
developers	O
to	O
localize	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
based	O
products	O
to	O
support	O
global	O
distribution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last	O
release	O
,	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
Belle	I-Operating_System
,	O
supports	O
these	O
48	O
languages	O
,	O
with	O
[dialects],	O
and	O
(	O
scripts	O
)	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
Belle	I-Operating_System
marks	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
Kazakh	O
,	O
while	O
Korean	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
supported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Japanese	O
is	O
only	O
available	O
on	O
Symbian^2	O
devices	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
made	O
in	O
Japan	O
,	O
and	O
on	O
other	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
devices	O
Japanese	O
is	O
still	O
supported	O
with	O
limitations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
2010	O
,	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
switched	O
to	O
using	O
standard	O
C++	B-Language
with	O
Qt	B-Language
as	O
the	O
main	O
SDK	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
either	O
Qt	B-Language
Creator	I-Language
or	O
Carbide.c	B-Language
++	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Qt	B-Language
supports	O
the	O
older	O
Symbian/S60	O
3rd	O
(	O
starting	O
with	O
Feature	O
Pack	O
1	O
,	O
a.k.a.	O
</s>
<s>
S60	B-Language
3.1	O
)	O
and	O
Symbian/S60	O
5th	O
Edition	O
(	O
a.k.a.	O
</s>
<s>
S60	B-Language
5.01b	O
)	O
releases	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
new	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
platform	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
supports	O
Maemo	B-Operating_System
and	O
MeeGo	B-Operating_System
,	O
Windows	O
,	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alternative	O
application	O
development	O
can	O
be	O
done	O
using	O
Python	B-Language
(	O
see	O
Python	B-Application
for	I-Application
S60	I-Application
)	O
,	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Lite	I-Operating_System
or	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
previously	O
used	O
a	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
specific	O
C++	B-Language
version	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
CodeWarrior	B-Operating_System
and	O
later	O
Carbide.c	B-Language
++	I-Language
integrated	B-Application
development	I-Application
environment	I-Application
(	O
IDE	B-Application
)	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
native	O
application	B-Application
development	I-Application
environment	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Web	O
Run	O
time	O
(	O
WRT	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
portable	O
application	O
framework	B-Architecture
that	O
allows	O
creating	O
widgets	B-Application
on	O
the	O
S60	B-Language
Platform	I-Language
;	O
it	O
is	O
an	O
extension	O
to	O
the	O
S60	B-Language
WebKit	B-Language
based	O
browser	B-Language
that	O
allows	O
launching	O
multiple	O
browser	B-Language
instances	O
as	O
separate	O
JavaScript	B-Language
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
SDK	O
for	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
is	O
standard	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
using	O
Qt	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
either	O
Qt	B-Language
Creator	I-Language
,	O
or	O
Carbide	O
(	O
the	O
older	O
IDE	B-Application
previously	O
used	O
for	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
development	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
phone	O
simulator	O
allows	O
testing	O
of	O
Qt	B-Language
apps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Application	O
development	O
can	O
either	O
use	O
C++	B-Language
or	O
QML	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
is	O
written	O
in	O
C++	B-Language
using	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
Software	O
's	O
coding	O
standards	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
develop	O
using	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
C++	B-Language
,	O
although	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
standard	O
implementation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
Qt	B-Language
SDK	O
,	O
this	O
was	O
the	O
standard	O
development	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
were	O
multiple	O
platforms	B-Device
based	O
on	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
that	O
provided	O
software	B-Application
development	I-Application
kits	I-Application
(	O
SDKs	O
)	O
for	O
application	O
developers	O
wishing	O
to	O
target	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
devices	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
ones	O
being	O
UIQ	B-Language
and	O
S60	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SDKs	O
contain	O
documentation	O
,	O
the	O
header	O
files	O
and	O
library	O
files	O
needed	O
to	O
build	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
software	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
Windows-based	O
emulator	O
(	O
"	O
WINS	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Up	O
until	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
version	O
8	O
,	O
the	O
SDKs	O
also	O
included	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
Compiler	I-Application
Collection	I-Application
(	O
GCC	B-Application
)	O
compiler	O
(	O
a	O
cross-compiler	B-Application
)	O
needed	O
to	O
build	O
software	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
the	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9	O
and	O
the	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
platform	I-Operating_System
use	O
a	O
new	O
application	B-Operating_System
binary	I-Operating_System
interface	I-Operating_System
(	O
ABI	O
)	O
and	O
needed	O
a	O
different	O
compiler	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
choice	O
of	O
compilers	O
is	O
available	O
including	O
a	O
newer	O
version	O
of	O
GCC	B-Application
(	O
see	O
external	O
links	O
below	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
C++	B-Language
programming	O
has	O
a	O
steep	O
learning	B-General_Concept
curve	I-General_Concept
,	O
as	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
C++	B-Language
requires	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
special	O
techniques	O
such	O
as	O
descriptors	B-Data_Structure
,	O
active	B-Operating_System
objects	I-Operating_System
and	O
the	O
cleanup	B-Language
stack	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2010	O
,	O
these	O
issues	O
are	O
no	O
longer	O
the	O
case	O
when	O
using	O
standard	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
with	O
the	O
Qt	B-Language
SDK	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
C++	B-Language
programming	O
is	O
commonly	O
done	O
with	O
an	O
integrated	B-Application
development	I-Application
environment	I-Application
(	O
IDE	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
earlier	O
versions	O
of	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
commercial	O
IDE	B-Application
CodeWarrior	B-Operating_System
for	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
was	O
favoured	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CodeWarrior	B-Operating_System
tools	O
were	O
replaced	O
during	O
2006	O
by	O
Carbide.c	B-Language
++	I-Language
,	O
an	O
Eclipse-based	O
IDE	B-Application
developed	O
by	O
Nokia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Carbide.c	B-Language
++	I-Language
is	O
offered	O
in	O
four	O
different	O
versions	O
:	O
Express	O
,	O
Developer	O
,	O
Professional	O
,	O
and	O
OEM	O
,	O
with	O
increasing	O
levels	O
of	O
capability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fully	O
featured	O
software	O
can	O
be	O
created	O
and	O
released	O
with	O
the	O
Express	O
edition	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
free	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	B-Application
Visual	I-Application
Studio	I-Application
2003	O
and	O
2005	O
are	O
also	O
supported	O
via	O
the	O
Carbide.vs	B-Language
plugin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
devices	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
programmed	O
using	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
,	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Lite	I-Operating_System
,	O
Ruby	B-Language
,	O
.NET	B-Application
,	O
Web	O
Runtime	O
(	O
WRT	O
)	O
Widgets	B-Application
and	O
Standard	O
C/C	O
++	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Visual	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
programmers	O
can	O
use	O
NS	B-Device
Basic	I-Device
to	O
develop	O
apps	O
for	O
S60	B-Language
3rd	O
Edition	O
and	O
UIQ	B-Language
3	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
past	O
,	O
Visual	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
,	O
Visual	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
.NET	I-Language
,	O
and	O
C#	B-Application
development	O
for	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
were	O
possible	O
through	O
AppForge	O
Crossfire	O
,	O
a	O
plug-in	O
for	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Visual	I-Application
Studio	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Net60	O
,	O
a	O
.NET	B-Application
compact	O
framework	B-Architecture
for	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
is	O
developed	O
by	O
redFIVElabs	O
,	O
is	O
sold	O
as	O
a	O
commercial	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
Net60	O
,	O
VB.NET	B-Language
,	O
and	O
C#	B-Application
(	O
and	O
other	O
)	O
source	O
code	O
is	O
compiled	O
into	O
an	O
intermediate	O
language	O
(	O
IL	O
)	O
which	O
is	O
executed	O
within	O
the	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
using	O
a	O
just-in-time	O
compiler	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
a	O
Borland	O
IDE	B-Application
for	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
development	O
is	O
also	O
possible	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
macOS	B-Application
using	O
tools	O
and	O
methods	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
community	O
,	O
partly	O
enabled	O
by	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
releasing	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
for	O
key	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
plug-in	O
that	O
allows	O
development	O
of	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
applications	B-Application
in	O
Apple	O
's	O
Xcode	B-Operating_System
IDE	B-Application
for	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
was	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
applications	B-Application
for	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
are	O
developed	O
using	O
standard	O
techniques	O
and	O
tools	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Sun	B-Language
Java	I-Language
Wireless	I-Language
Toolkit	I-Language
(	O
formerly	O
the	O
J2ME	B-Language
Wireless	I-Language
Toolkit	I-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
packaged	O
as	O
JAR	B-Language
(	O
and	O
possibly	O
JAD	B-Language
)	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
CLDC	O
and	O
CDC	O
applications	B-Application
can	O
be	O
created	O
with	O
NetBeans	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
tools	O
include	O
SuperWaba	B-Language
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
build	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
7.0	O
and	O
7.0s	O
programs	O
using	O
Java	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nokia	B-Language
S60	I-Language
phones	O
can	O
also	O
run	O
Python	B-Language
scripts	I-Language
when	O
the	O
interpreter	O
Python	B-Application
for	I-Application
S60	I-Application
is	O
installed	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
custom	O
made	O
API	O
that	O
allows	O
for	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
support	O
and	O
such	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
also	O
an	O
interactive	O
console	O
to	O
allow	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
write	O
Python	B-Language
scripts	I-Language
directly	O
from	O
the	O
phone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
developed	O
,	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
applications	B-Application
need	O
to	O
find	O
a	O
route	O
to	O
customers	O
 '	O
mobile	O
phones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
packaged	O
in	O
SIS	B-Language
files	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
installed	O
over-the-air	O
,	O
via	O
PC	O
connect	O
,	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
or	O
on	O
a	O
memory	O
card	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Applications	B-Application
must	O
be	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
Signed	O
for	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9.x	O
to	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
certain	O
capabilities	O
(	O
system	O
capabilities	O
,	O
restricted	O
capabilities	O
and	O
device	O
manufacturer	O
capabilities	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Applications	B-Application
could	O
be	O
signed	O
for	O
free	B-Application
in	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
's	O
design	O
is	O
subdivided	O
into	O
technology	O
domains	O
,	O
each	O
of	O
which	O
comprises	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
software	B-Application
packages	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
technology	O
domain	O
has	O
its	O
own	O
roadmap	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Symbian	B-Application
Foundation	I-Application
has	O
a	O
team	O
of	O
technology	O
managers	O
who	O
manage	O
these	O
technology	O
domain	O
roadmaps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
grouping	O
related	O
packages	O
by	O
themes	O
,	O
the	O
Symbian	B-Application
Foundation	I-Application
hopes	O
to	O
encourage	O
a	O
strong	O
community	O
to	O
form	O
around	O
them	O
and	O
to	O
generate	O
discussion	O
and	O
review	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
System	O
Model	O
illustrates	O
the	O
scope	O
of	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
technology	O
domains	O
across	O
the	O
platform	O
packages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Packages	O
are	O
owned	O
and	O
maintained	O
by	O
a	O
package	O
owner	O
,	O
a	O
named	O
individual	O
from	O
an	O
organization	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
Symbian	B-Application
Foundation	I-Application
,	O
who	O
accepts	O
code	O
contributions	O
from	O
the	O
wider	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
community	O
and	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
package	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
kernel	O
(	O
EKA2	B-Language
)	O
supports	O
sufficiently	O
fast	O
real-time	B-Operating_System
response	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
single-core	O
phone	O
around	O
it	O
–	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
a	O
phone	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
single	O
processor	O
core	O
executes	O
both	O
the	O
user	O
applications	B-Application
and	O
the	O
signalling	B-Protocol
stack	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
real-time	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
has	O
a	O
microkernel	B-Operating_System
architecture	O
containing	O
only	O
the	O
minimum	O
,	O
most	O
basic	O
primitives	O
and	O
functionality	O
,	O
for	O
maximum	O
robustness	O
,	O
availability	O
and	O
responsiveness	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
contains	O
a	O
scheduler	O
,	O
memory	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
and	O
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
,	O
with	O
networking	O
,	O
telephony	O
,	O
and	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
support	O
services	O
in	O
the	O
OS	O
Services	O
Layer	O
or	O
the	O
Base	O
Services	O
Layer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
inclusion	O
of	O
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
means	O
the	O
kernel	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
true	O
microkernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
features	O
pre-emptive	O
multitasking	O
and	O
memory	B-General_Concept
protection	I-General_Concept
,	O
like	O
other	O
operating	O
systems	O
(	O
especially	O
those	O
created	O
for	O
use	O
on	O
desktop	O
computers	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EPOC	B-Language
's	O
approach	O
to	O
multitasking	O
was	O
inspired	O
by	O
VMS	B-Operating_System
and	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
asynchronous	O
server-based	O
events	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
was	O
created	O
with	O
three	O
systems	O
design	O
principles	O
in	O
mind	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
best	O
follow	O
these	O
principles	O
,	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
uses	O
a	O
microkernel	B-Operating_System
,	O
has	O
a	O
request-and-callback	O
approach	O
to	O
services	O
,	O
and	O
maintains	O
separation	O
between	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
and	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OS	O
is	O
optimised	O
for	O
low-power	O
battery-based	O
devices	O
and	O
for	O
read-only	B-Device
memory	I-Device
(	O
ROM	B-Device
)	O
-based	O
systems	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
features	O
like	O
XIP	O
and	O
re-entrancy	O
in	O
shared	O
libraries	B-Library
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OS	O
,	O
and	O
application	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
follows	O
an	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
design	O
named	O
model	O
–	O
view	O
–	O
controller	O
(	O
MVC	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
OS	O
iterations	O
diluted	O
this	O
approach	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
market	O
demands	O
,	O
notably	O
with	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
a	O
real-time	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
and	O
a	O
platform	O
security	O
model	O
in	O
versions	O
8	O
and	O
9	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
a	O
strong	O
emphasis	O
on	O
conserving	O
resources	O
which	O
is	O
exemplified	O
by	O
Symbian-specific	O
programming	O
idioms	O
like	O
descriptors	B-Data_Structure
and	O
a	O
cleanup	B-Language
stack	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Further	O
,	O
all	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
programming	O
is	O
event-based	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
central	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
unit	I-General_Concept
(	O
CPU	O
)	O
is	O
switched	O
into	O
a	O
low	O
power	O
mode	O
when	O
applications	B-Application
are	O
not	O
directly	O
dealing	O
with	O
an	O
event	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
done	O
via	O
a	O
programming	O
idiom	O
called	O
active	B-Operating_System
objects	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similarly	O
the	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
approach	O
to	O
threads	O
and	O
processes	O
is	O
driven	O
by	O
reducing	O
overheads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Base	O
Services	O
Layer	O
is	O
the	O
lowest	O
level	O
reachable	O
by	O
user-side	O
operations	O
;	O
it	O
includes	O
the	O
File	B-Application
Server	I-Application
and	O
User	O
Library	O
,	O
a	O
Plug-In	O
Framework	B-Architecture
which	O
manages	O
all	O
plug-ins	O
,	O
Store	O
,	O
Central	O
Repository	O
,	O
DBMS	B-General_Concept
and	O
cryptographic	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
has	O
a	O
microkernel	B-Operating_System
architecture	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
that	O
the	O
minimum	O
necessary	O
is	O
within	O
the	O
kernel	O
to	O
maximise	O
robustness	O
,	O
availability	O
and	O
responsiveness	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
contains	O
a	O
scheduler	O
,	O
memory	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
and	O
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
,	O
but	O
other	O
services	O
like	O
networking	O
,	O
telephony	O
and	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
support	O
are	O
placed	O
in	O
the	O
OS	O
Services	O
Layer	O
or	O
the	O
Base	O
Services	O
Layer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
inclusion	O
of	O
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
means	O
the	O
kernel	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
true	O
microkernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
EKA2	B-Language
real-time	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
termed	O
a	O
nanokernel	O
,	O
contains	O
only	O
the	O
most	O
basic	O
primitives	O
and	O
requires	O
an	O
extended	O
kernel	O
to	O
implement	O
any	O
other	O
abstractions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
is	O
designed	O
to	O
emphasise	O
compatibility	O
with	O
other	O
devices	O
,	O
especially	O
removable	O
media	O
file	B-Application
systems	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
development	O
of	O
EPOC	B-Language
led	O
to	O
adopting	O
File	B-Application
Allocation	I-Application
Table	I-Application
(	O
FAT	O
)	O
as	O
the	O
internal	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
and	O
this	O
remains	O
,	O
but	O
an	O
object-oriented	B-Language
persistence	O
model	O
was	O
placed	O
over	O
the	O
underlying	O
FAT	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
POSIX-style	O
interface	B-Application
and	O
a	O
streaming	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
has	O
resulted	O
in	O
data-dependence	O
and	O
associated	O
difficulties	O
with	O
changes	O
and	O
data	B-General_Concept
migration	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
a	O
large	O
networking	O
and	O
communication	O
subsystem	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
three	O
main	O
servers	O
called	O
:	O
ETEL	O
(	O
EPOC	B-Language
telephony	O
)	O
,	O
ESOCK	O
(	O
EPOC	B-Language
sockets	O
)	O
and	O
C32	O
(	O
responsible	O
for	O
serial	O
communication	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
subsystem	O
also	O
contains	O
code	O
that	O
supports	O
short-range	O
communication	O
links	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
,	O
IrDA	O
and	O
USB	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
large	O
volume	O
of	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
UI	O
)	O
Code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Only	O
the	O
base	O
classes	O
and	O
substructure	O
were	O
contained	O
in	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
while	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
actual	O
user	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
were	O
maintained	O
by	O
third	O
parties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
three	O
major	O
UIs	O
–	O
S60	B-Language
,	O
UIQ	B-Language
and	O
MOAP	B-Language
–	O
were	O
contributed	O
to	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
in	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
also	O
contains	O
graphics	O
,	O
text	O
layout	O
and	O
font	O
rendering	O
libraries	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
native	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
C++	B-Language
applications	B-Application
are	O
built	O
up	O
from	O
three	O
framework	B-Architecture
classes	O
defined	O
by	O
the	O
application	O
architecture	O
:	O
an	O
application	O
class	O
,	O
a	O
document	O
class	O
and	O
an	O
application	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
class	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
remaining	O
needed	O
functions	O
,	O
the	O
application	O
view	O
,	O
data	O
model	O
and	O
data	O
interface	B-Application
,	O
are	O
created	O
independently	O
and	O
interact	O
solely	O
through	O
their	O
APIs	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
classes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
other	O
things	O
do	O
not	O
yet	O
fit	O
into	O
this	O
model	O
–	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
SyncML	B-General_Concept
,	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
providing	O
another	O
set	O
of	O
APIs	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
OS	O
and	O
multimedia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
of	O
these	O
are	O
frameworks	O
,	O
and	O
vendors	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
supply	O
plug-ins	O
to	O
these	O
frameworks	O
from	O
third	O
parties	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
Helix	B-Application
Player	I-Application
for	O
multimedia	B-General_Concept
codecs	I-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
it	O
means	O
that	O
phone	O
vendors	O
needed	O
to	O
do	O
a	O
great	O
deal	O
of	O
integration	O
work	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
phone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
includes	O
a	O
reference	O
user-interface	B-Application
called	O
"	O
TechView.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
provides	O
a	O
basis	O
for	O
starting	O
customisation	O
and	O
is	O
the	O
environment	O
in	O
which	O
much	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
test	O
and	O
example	O
code	O
runs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
from	O
the	O
Psion	B-Application
Series	I-Application
5	I-Application
personal	I-Application
organiser	I-Application
and	O
is	O
not	O
used	O
for	O
any	O
production	O
phone	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
,	O
as	O
it	O
advanced	O
to	O
OS	O
version	O
7.0	O
,	O
spun	O
off	O
into	O
several	O
different	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
,	O
each	O
backed	O
by	O
a	O
certain	O
company	O
or	O
group	O
of	O
companies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
Android	B-Application
OS	I-Application
's	O
cosmetic	O
GUIs	B-Application
,	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
GUIs	B-Application
are	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
platforms	B-Device
"	O
due	O
to	O
more	O
significant	O
modifications	O
and	O
integrations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Things	O
became	O
more	O
complicated	O
when	O
applications	B-Application
developed	O
for	O
different	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
GUI	B-Application
platforms	B-Device
were	O
not	O
compatible	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
led	O
to	O
OS	O
fragmentation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
User	B-Application
Interfaces	I-Application
platforms	B-Device
that	O
run	O
on	O
or	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
S60	B-Language
,	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
,	O
also	O
called	O
Series	B-Language
60	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
several	O
editions	O
of	O
this	O
platform	O
,	O
appearing	O
first	O
as	O
S60	B-Language
(	O
1st	O
Edition	O
)	O
on	O
Nokia	B-Language
7650	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
followed	O
by	O
S60	B-Language
2nd	O
Edition	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Nokia	B-Language
N70	I-Language
)	O
,	O
S60	B-Language
3rd	O
Edition	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Nokia	B-Language
N73	I-Language
)	O
and	O
S60	B-Language
5th	O
Edition	O
(	O
which	O
introduced	O
touch	O
UI	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Nokia	B-Language
N97	I-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
,	O
S60	B-Language
,	O
was	O
changed	O
to	O
just	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
after	O
the	O
formation	O
of	O
Symbian	B-Application
Foundation	I-Application
,	O
and	O
subsequently	O
called	O
Symbian^1	O
,	O
2	O
and	O
3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Series	B-Application
80	I-Application
used	O
by	O
Nokia	O
Communicators	O
such	O
as	O
Nokia	B-Language
9300i	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Series	B-Application
90	I-Application
Touch	O
and	O
button	O
based	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
only	O
phone	O
using	O
this	O
platform	O
is	O
Nokia	B-Language
7710	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
UIQ	B-Language
backed	O
mainly	O
by	O
Sony	O
Ericsson	O
and	O
then	O
Motorola	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last	O
major	O
release	O
version	O
is	O
UIQ3.1	O
in	O
2008	O
,	O
on	O
Sony	O
Ericsson	O
G900	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
discontinued	O
after	O
the	O
formation	O
of	O
Symbian	B-Application
Foundation	I-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
decision	O
to	O
consolidate	O
different	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
UI	O
variants	O
into	O
one	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
adoption	O
of	O
S60	B-Language
as	O
the	O
version	O
going	O
forward	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MOAP	B-Language
(	O
Mobile	O
Oriented	O
Applications	B-Application
Platform	O
)	O
[	O
Japan	O
Only ]	O
used	O
by	O
Fujitsu	O
,	O
Mitsubishi	O
,	O
Sony	O
Ericsson	O
and	O
Sharp-developed	O
phones	O
for	O
NTT	O
DoCoMo	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
uses	O
an	O
interface	B-Application
developed	O
specifically	O
for	O
DoCoMo	O
's	O
FOMA	B-General_Concept
"	O
Freedom	O
of	O
Mobile	O
Access	O
"	O
network	O
brand	O
and	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
UI	O
from	O
earlier	O
Fujitsu	O
FOMA	B-General_Concept
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user	O
cannot	O
install	O
new	O
C++	B-Language
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
OPP	O
[	O
Japan	O
Only ]	O
,	O
successor	O
of	O
MOAP	B-Language
,	O
used	O
on	O
NTT	O
DoCoMo	O
's	O
FOMA	B-General_Concept
phone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
5.2	O
(	O
Symbian^	O
3/Symbian	O
Anna	O
)	O
,	O
Nokia	B-Language
N8	I-Language
User	O
Agent	O
Profile	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Obsolete	O
Silverlight.NET	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
proprietary	B-Application
SFL	O
license	O
,	O
while	O
some	O
portions	O
of	O
source	O
code	O
are	O
EPL	O
licensed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nokia	B-Application
Ovi	I-Application
Store	O
,	O
Download	B-Language
!	I-Language
</s>
<s>
,	O
third-party	O
softwareScreenshot	O
for	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
|	O
AntonyPranata.com	O
2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nokia	O
:	O
5228	O
,	O
5230	B-Language
,	O
5233	B-Language
,	O
5235	B-Language
,	O
5250	B-Language
,	O
5530	O
XpressMusic	O
,	O
5800	B-Language
XpressMusic	O
,	O
5800	B-Language
Navigation	O
Edition	O
,	O
C5-03	B-Language
,	O
C6-00	O
,	O
N97	B-Language
,	O
N97	B-Language
mini	O
,	O
X6	B-Language
;	O
</s>
<s>
Samsung	B-Application
:	O
i8910	B-Application
Omnia	I-Application
HD	I-Application
,	O
</s>
<s>
Nokia	O
:	O
5320	O
XpressMusic	O
,	O
5630	O
XpressMusic	O
,	O
5730	O
XpressMusic	O
,	O
6210	O
Navigator	O
,	O
6220	O
Classic	O
,	O
6650	O
fold	O
,	O
6710	O
Navigator	O
,	O
6720	O
Classic	O
,	O
6730	O
Classic	O
,	O
6760	O
Slide	O
,	O
6790	O
Surge	O
,	O
E5-00	B-Language
,	O
E51	O
,	O
E52	B-Language
,	O
E55	B-Language
,	O
E71	B-Language
,	O
E72	B-Language
,	O
E75	B-Language
,	O
N78	B-Language
,	O
N79	B-Language
,	O
N82	B-Language
,	O
N85	O
,	O
N86	B-Language
8MP	I-Language
,	O
N96	B-Language
,	O
X5	B-Language
,	O
C5-00	B-Language
;	O
Samsung	B-Application
:	O
GT-i8510	O
(	O
INNOV8	B-Application
)	O
,	O
GT-i7110	O
(	O
Pilot	O
)	O
,	O
SGH-L870	O
,	O
SGH-i550	O
,	O
SGH-G810Sony	O
Ericsson	O
Motorola	O
...	O
...	O
</s>
<s>
Series	B-Language
60	I-Language
3rd	O
Edition	O
Feature	O
Pack	O
2UIQ	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Q1	O
2004	O
2.4million	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
phones	O
were	O
shipped	O
,	O
double	O
the	O
number	O
as	O
in	O
Q1	O
2003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
Ltd	O
.	O
was	O
particularly	O
impressed	O
by	O
progress	O
made	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
it	O
was	O
much	O
less	O
popular	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
6%	O
market	O
share	O
in	O
Q3	O
2004	O
,	O
well	O
behind	O
Palm	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
(	O
43%	O
)	O
and	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
Mobile	I-Operating_System
(	O
25%	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
has	O
been	O
attributed	O
to	O
North	O
American	O
customers	O
preferring	O
wireless	O
PDAs	B-Application
over	O
smartphones	B-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Nokia	O
's	O
low	O
popularity	O
there	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
16	O
November	O
2006	O
,	O
the	O
100	O
millionth	O
smartphone	B-Application
running	O
the	O
OS	O
was	O
shipped	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
21	O
July	O
2009	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
250	O
million	O
devices	O
running	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
had	O
been	O
produced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2006	O
,	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
had	O
73%	O
of	O
the	O
smartphone	B-Application
market	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
22.1	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
in	O
the	O
second	O
quarter	O
of	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
May	O
2006	O
,	O
10	O
million	O
Symbian-powered	O
phones	O
were	O
sold	O
in	O
Japan	O
,	O
representing	O
11%	O
of	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
's	O
total	O
worldwide	O
shipments	O
of	O
89million	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
has	O
lost	O
market	O
share	O
over	O
the	O
years	O
as	O
the	O
market	O
has	O
dramatically	O
grown	O
,	O
with	O
new	O
competing	O
platforms	B-Device
entering	O
the	O
market	O
,	O
though	O
its	O
sales	O
have	O
increased	O
during	O
the	O
same	O
timeframe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
E.g.	O
,	O
although	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
's	O
share	O
of	O
the	O
global	O
smartphone	B-Application
market	O
dropped	O
from	O
52.4	O
%	O
in	O
2008	O
to	O
47.2	O
%	O
in	O
2009	O
,	O
shipments	O
of	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
devices	O
grew	O
4.8	O
%	O
,	O
from	O
74.9	O
million	O
units	O
to	O
78.5	O
million	O
units	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
Q2	O
2009	O
to	O
Q2	O
2010	O
,	O
shipments	O
of	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
devices	O
grew	O
41.5	O
%	O
,	O
by	O
8.0	O
million	O
units	O
,	O
from	O
19,178,910	O
units	O
to	O
27,129,340	O
;	O
compared	O
to	O
an	O
increase	O
of	O
9.6	O
million	O
units	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
3.3	O
million	O
units	O
for	O
RIM	O
,	O
and	O
3.2	O
million	O
units	O
for	O
Apple	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
reports	O
on	O
device	O
shipments	O
as	O
published	O
in	O
February	O
2010	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
devices	O
formed	O
a	O
47.2	O
%	O
share	O
of	O
the	O
smart	O
mobile	O
devices	O
shipped	O
in	O
2009	O
,	O
with	O
RIM	O
having	O
20.8	O
%	O
,	O
Apple	O
having	O
15.1	O
%	O
(	O
via	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
having	O
8.8	O
%	O
(	O
via	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
CE	I-Operating_System
and	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
Mobile	I-Operating_System
)	O
and	O
Android	B-Application
having	O
4.7	O
%	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
"	O
smart	O
mobile	O
device	O
"	O
sales	O
,	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
devices	O
were	O
the	O
market	O
leaders	O
for	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Statistics	O
showed	O
that	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
devices	O
formed	O
a	O
37.6	O
%	O
share	O
of	O
smart	O
mobile	O
devices	O
sold	O
,	O
with	O
Android	B-Application
having	O
22.7	O
%	O
,	O
RIM	O
having	O
16%	O
,	O
and	O
Apple	O
having	O
15.7	O
%	O
(	O
via	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
estimates	O
indicate	O
that	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
mobile	O
devices	O
shipped	O
with	O
the	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
up	O
to	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
Q2	O
2010	O
is	O
385	O
million	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
2009	O
–	O
10	O
,	O
Motorola	O
,	O
Samsung	B-Application
,	O
LG	O
,	O
and	O
Sony	O
Ericsson	O
announced	O
their	O
withdrawal	O
from	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
in	O
favour	O
of	O
alternative	O
platforms	B-Device
including	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Android	I-Application
,	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Windows	B-Protocol
Phone	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
users	O
of	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
in	O
the	O
countries	O
with	O
non-Latin	O
alphabets	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
Russia	O
,	O
Ukraine	O
and	O
others	O
)	O
have	O
been	O
criticizing	O
the	O
complicated	O
method	O
of	O
language	O
switching	O
for	O
many	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
other	O
mobile	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Nokia	O
's	O
S40	O
phones	O
,	O
enable	O
switching	O
between	O
two	O
initially	O
selected	O
languages	O
by	O
one	O
click	O
or	O
a	O
single	O
gesture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
firmware	O
for	O
the	O
original	O
Nokia	B-Language
N97	I-Language
,	O
running	O
on	O
Symbian^	O
1/Series	O
60	O
5th	O
Edition	O
have	O
been	O
heavily	O
criticized	O
as	O
buggy	O
(	O
also	O
contributed	O
by	O
the	O
low	O
amount	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
installed	O
in	O
the	O
phone	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2010	O
,	O
Smartphone	B-Application
blog	O
All	O
About	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
criticized	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
Symbian	B-Language
's	I-Language
default	I-Language
web	I-Language
browser	I-Language
and	O
recommended	O
the	O
alternative	O
browser	B-Language
Opera	B-Language
Mobile	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nokia	O
's	O
Senior	O
Vice	O
President	O
Jo	O
Harlow	O
promised	O
an	O
updated	O
browser	B-Language
in	O
the	O
first	O
quarter	O
of	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
many	O
different	O
versions	O
and	O
editions	O
of	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
led	O
to	O
fragmentation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apps	O
and	O
software	O
may	O
be	O
incompatible	O
when	O
installed	O
across	O
different	O
versions	O
of	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
is	O
subject	O
to	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
viruses	O
,	O
the	O
best	O
known	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
Cabir	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Usually	O
these	O
send	O
themselves	O
from	O
phone	O
to	O
phone	O
by	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
So	O
far	O
,	O
none	O
have	O
exploited	O
any	O
flaws	O
in	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
,	O
they	O
have	O
all	O
asked	O
the	O
user	O
whether	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
install	O
the	O
software	O
,	O
with	O
somewhat	O
prominent	O
warnings	O
that	O
it	O
ca	O
n't	O
be	O
trusted	O
,	O
although	O
some	O
rely	O
on	O
social	O
engineering	O
,	O
often	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
messages	O
that	O
come	O
with	O
the	O
malware	O
:	O
rogue	O
software	O
purporting	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
utility	O
,	O
game	O
,	O
or	O
some	O
other	O
application	O
for	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
view	O
that	O
the	O
average	O
mobile	O
phone	O
user	O
should	O
n't	O
have	O
to	O
worry	O
about	O
security	O
,	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9.x	O
adopted	O
a	O
Unix-style	O
capability	O
model	O
(	O
permissions	O
per	O
process	O
,	O
not	O
per	O
object	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Commercial	O
developers	O
who	O
can	O
afford	O
the	O
cost	O
can	O
apply	O
to	O
have	O
their	O
software	O
signed	O
via	O
the	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
Signed	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
set	O
of	O
available	O
features	O
does	O
not	O
include	O
access	O
to	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
,	O
IrDA	O
,	O
GSM	O
CellID	O
,	O
voice	O
calls	O
,	O
GPS	O
and	O
few	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
operators	O
opted	O
to	O
disable	O
all	O
certificates	O
other	O
than	O
the	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
Signed	O
certificates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drever.A	O
is	O
a	O
malicious	O
SIS	B-Language
file	O
trojan	O
that	O
attempts	O
to	O
disable	O
the	O
automatic	O
startup	O
from	O
Simworks	O
and	O
Kaspersky	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
Anti-Virus	O
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Locknut.B	O
is	O
a	O
malicious	O
SIS	B-Language
file	O
trojan	O
that	O
pretends	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
patch	O
for	O
Symbian	B-Language
S60	I-Language
mobile	O
phones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mabir.A	O
is	O
basically	O
Cabir	B-Language
with	O
added	O
MMS	O
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
spreads	O
using	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
via	O
the	O
same	O
routine	O
as	O
early	O
variants	O
of	O
Cabir	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fontal.A	O
is	O
an	O
SIS	B-Language
file	O
trojan	O
that	O
installs	O
a	O
corrupted	O
file	O
which	O
causes	O
the	O
phone	O
to	O
fail	O
at	O
reboot	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
new	O
form	O
of	O
malware	O
threat	O
to	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
'	O
cooked	O
firmware	O
 '	O
was	O
demonstrated	O
at	O
the	O
International	O
Malware	O
Conference	O
,	O
Malcon	O
,	O
December	O
2010	O
,	O
by	O
Indian	O
hacker	O
Atul	O
Alex	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9.x	O
devices	O
can	O
be	O
hacked	O
to	O
remove	O
the	O
platform	O
security	O
introduced	O
in	O
OS	O
9.1	O
onwards	O
,	O
allowing	O
users	O
to	O
execute	O
unsigned	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
Description	O
EPOC16	O
EPOC16	O
,	O
originally	O
simply	O
named	O
EPOC	B-Language
,	O
was	O
the	O
operating	O
system	O
developed	O
by	O
Psion	B-Application
in	O
the	O
late	O
1980s	O
and	O
early	O
1990s	O
for	O
Psion	B-Application
's	O
"	O
SIBO	O
"	O
(	O
SIxteen	O
Bit	O
Organisers	O
)	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
EPOC16	O
devices	O
featured	O
an	O
8086-family	O
processor	O
and	O
a	O
16-bit	B-Device
architecture	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
EPOC16	O
was	O
a	O
single-user	O
preemptive	O
multitasking	O
operating	O
system	O
,	O
written	O
in	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
8086	I-General_Concept
assembly	B-Language
language	I-Language
and	O
C	B-Language
and	O
designed	O
to	O
be	O
delivered	O
in	O
read-only	B-Device
memory	I-Device
(	O
ROM	B-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
supported	O
a	O
simple	O
programming	O
language	O
named	O
Open	B-Language
Programming	I-Language
Language	I-Language
(	O
OPL	O
)	O
and	O
an	O
integrated	B-Application
development	I-Application
environment	I-Application
(	O
IDE	B-Application
)	O
named	O
OVAL	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SIBO	O
devices	O
included	O
the	O
:	O
MC200	O
,	O
MC400	O
,	O
Series	B-Application
3	I-Application
(	O
1991	O
–	O
98	O
)	O
,	O
Series	O
3a	O
,	O
Series	O
3c	O
,	O
Series	O
3mx	O
,	O
Siena	O
,	O
Workabout	O
,	O
and	O
Workabout	O
mx	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EPOC16	O
featured	O
a	O
primarily	O
monochrome	O
,	O
keyboard-operated	O
graphical	B-Application
interface	I-Application
–	O
the	O
hardware	O
for	O
which	O
it	O
was	O
designed	O
originally	O
had	O
pointer	B-Device
input	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
digitiser	O
panel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
,	O
the	O
operating	O
system	O
was	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
EPOC16	O
to	O
distinguish	O
it	O
from	O
Psion	B-Application
's	O
then-new	O
EPOC32	B-Language
OS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EPOC32	B-Language
(	O
releases	O
1	O
to	O
5	O
)	O
The	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
EPOC32	B-Language
,	O
Release	O
1	O
appeared	O
on	O
the	O
Psion	B-Application
Series	I-Application
5	I-Application
ROM	B-Device
v1.0	O
in	O
1997	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
,	O
ROM	B-Device
v1.1	O
featured	O
Release	O
3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
were	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
Psion	B-Application
Series	I-Application
5mx	I-Application
,	O
Revo	B-Application
/	O
Revo	B-Application
plus	O
,	O
Psion	B-Application
Series	I-Application
7	I-Application
/	O
netBook	B-Application
and	O
netPad	O
(	O
which	O
all	O
featured	O
Release	O
5	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
EPOC32	B-Language
operating	O
system	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
simply	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
EPOC	B-Language
,	O
was	O
later	O
renamed	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adding	O
to	O
the	O
confusion	O
with	O
names	O
,	O
before	O
the	O
change	O
to	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
,	O
EPOC16	O
was	O
often	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
SIBO	O
to	O
distinguish	O
it	O
from	O
the	O
"	O
new	O
"	O
EPOC	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
the	O
similarity	O
of	O
the	O
names	O
,	O
EPOC32	B-Language
and	O
EPOC16	O
were	O
completely	O
different	O
operating	O
systems	O
,	O
EPOC32	B-Language
being	O
written	O
in	O
C++	B-Language
from	O
a	O
new	O
codebase	O
with	O
development	O
beginning	O
during	O
the	O
mid-1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EPOC32	B-Language
was	O
a	O
pre-emptive	O
multitasking	O
,	O
single	O
user	O
operating	O
system	O
with	O
memory	B-General_Concept
protection	I-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
encourages	O
the	O
application	O
developer	O
to	O
separate	O
their	O
program	O
into	O
an	O
engine	O
and	O
an	O
interface	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Psion	B-Application
line	O
of	O
PDAs	B-Application
come	O
with	O
a	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
called	O
EIKON	O
which	O
is	O
specifically	O
tailored	O
for	O
handheld	O
machines	O
with	O
a	O
keyboard	O
(	O
thus	O
looking	O
perhaps	O
more	O
similar	O
to	O
desktop	O
GUIs	B-Application
than	O
palmtop	O
GUIs	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
EPOC	B-Language
's	O
characteristics	O
is	O
the	O
ease	O
with	O
which	O
new	O
GUIs	B-Application
can	O
be	O
developed	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
core	O
set	O
of	O
GUI	B-Application
classes	O
,	O
a	O
feature	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
widely	O
explored	O
from	O
Ericsson	B-Language
R380	I-Language
and	O
onwards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EPOC32	B-Language
was	O
originally	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
ARM	B-Architecture
family	I-Architecture
of	O
processors	B-General_Concept
,	O
including	O
the	O
ARM7	O
,	O
ARM9	O
,	O
StrongARM	B-Device
and	O
Intel	O
's	O
XScale	B-Application
,	O
but	O
can	O
be	O
compiled	O
towards	O
target	O
devices	O
using	O
several	O
other	O
processor	O
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
EPOC32	B-Language
,	O
Psion	B-Application
planned	O
to	O
license	O
EPOC	B-Language
to	O
third-party	O
device	O
manufacturers	O
,	O
and	O
spin	O
off	O
its	O
software	O
division	O
as	O
Psion	B-Application
Software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ericsson	O
marketed	O
a	O
rebranded	O
Psion	B-Application
Series	I-Application
5mx	I-Application
called	O
the	O
MC218	O
,	O
and	O
later	O
created	O
the	O
EPOC	B-Language
Release	O
5.1	O
based	O
smartphone	B-Application
,	O
the	O
R380	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oregon	O
Scientific	O
also	O
released	O
a	O
budget	O
EPOC	B-Language
device	O
,	O
the	O
Osaris	B-Application
(	O
notable	O
as	O
the	O
only	O
EPOC	B-Language
device	O
to	O
ship	O
with	O
Release	O
4	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Series	B-Application
5	I-Application
device	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
June	O
1997	O
,	O
used	O
the	O
first	O
iterations	O
of	O
the	O
EPOC32	B-Language
OS	O
,	O
codenamed	O
"	O
Protea	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
"	O
Eikon	O
"	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Oregon	O
Scientific	O
Osaris	B-Application
was	O
the	O
only	O
PDA	B-Application
to	O
use	O
the	O
ER4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Psion	B-Application
Series	I-Application
5mx	I-Application
,	O
Psion	B-Application
Series	I-Application
7	I-Application
,	O
Psion	B-Application
Revo	I-Application
,	O
Diamond	B-Application
Mako	I-Application
,	O
Psion	B-Application
netBook	I-Application
and	O
Ericsson	B-Application
MC218	I-Application
were	O
released	O
in	O
1999	O
using	O
ER5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
release	O
has	O
been	O
retrospectively	O
dubbed	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
phone	O
using	O
ER5u	O
,	O
the	O
Ericsson	B-Language
R380	I-Language
was	O
released	O
in	O
November	O
2000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
not	O
an	O
open	B-Operating_System
device	O
:	O
software	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
installed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notably	O
,	O
several	O
never-released	O
Psion	B-Application
prototypes	O
for	O
next	O
generation	O
PDAs	B-Application
,	O
including	O
a	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
Revo	B-Application
successor	O
codenamed	O
Conan	O
,	O
were	O
using	O
ER5u	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
1998	O
,	O
Psion	B-Application
Software	O
became	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
Ltd.	O
,	O
a	O
major	O
joint	O
venture	O
between	O
Psion	B-Application
and	O
phone	O
manufacturers	O
Ericsson	O
,	O
Motorola	O
,	O
and	O
Nokia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
Release	O
6	O
,	O
EPOC	B-Language
was	O
renamed	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
6.0	O
and	O
6.1	O
The	O
OS	O
was	O
renamed	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
and	O
envisioned	O
as	O
the	O
base	O
for	O
a	O
new	O
range	O
of	O
smartphones	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Psion	B-Application
gave	O
130	O
key	O
staff	O
to	O
the	O
new	O
company	O
and	O
retained	O
a	O
31%	O
shareholding	O
in	O
the	O
spin-off	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
'	O
open	B-Operating_System
 '	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
phone	O
,	O
the	O
Nokia	B-Language
9210	I-Language
Communicator	I-Language
,	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
June	O
2001	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
support	O
was	O
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Almost	O
500,000	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
phones	O
were	O
shipped	O
in	O
2001	O
,	O
rising	O
to	O
2.1	O
million	O
the	O
following	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
of	O
different	O
UIs	O
was	O
made	O
generic	O
with	O
a	O
"	O
reference	O
design	O
strategy	O
"	O
for	O
either	O
'	O
smartphone	B-Application
 '	O
or	O
'	O
communicator	O
 '	O
devices	O
,	O
subdivided	O
further	O
into	O
keyboard	O
-	O
or	O
tablet-based	O
designs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
former	O
was	O
merged	O
with	O
Ericsson	O
's	O
Ronneby	O
design	O
and	O
became	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
the	O
UIQ	B-Language
interface	B-Application
;	O
the	O
latter	O
reached	O
the	O
market	O
as	O
the	O
Nokia	B-Application
Series	I-Application
80	I-Application
UI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
DFRDs	O
were	O
Sapphire	O
,	O
Ruby	B-Language
,	O
and	O
Emerald	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Only	O
Sapphire	O
came	O
to	O
market	O
,	O
evolving	O
into	O
the	O
Pearl	O
DFRD	O
and	O
finally	O
the	O
Nokia	B-Language
Series	I-Language
60	I-Language
UI	O
,	O
a	O
keypad-based	O
'	O
square	O
 '	O
UI	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
true	O
smartphones	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
was	O
the	O
Nokia	B-Language
7650	I-Language
smartphone	B-Application
(	O
featuring	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
6.1	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
also	O
the	O
first	O
with	O
a	O
built-in	O
camera	O
,	O
with	O
VGA	O
(	O
0.3	O
Mpx	O
=	O
640×480	O
)	O
resolution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
notable	O
S60	B-Language
Symbian	B-Operating_System
6.1	O
devices	O
are	O
the	O
Nokia	B-Language
3650	I-Language
,	O
the	O
short	O
lived	O
Sendo	B-Language
X	I-Language
and	O
Siemens	B-Language
SX1	I-Language
,	O
the	O
first	O
and	O
the	O
last	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
phone	O
from	O
Siemens	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DFRD	O
was	O
abandoned	O
by	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
in	O
late	O
2002	O
,	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
an	O
active	O
retreat	O
from	O
UI	O
development	O
in	O
favour	O
of	O
headless	O
delivery	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pearl	O
was	O
given	O
to	O
Nokia	O
,	O
Quartz	O
development	O
was	O
spun	O
off	O
as	O
UIQ	B-Language
Technology	O
AB	O
,	O
and	O
work	O
with	O
Japanese	O
firms	O
was	O
quickly	O
folded	O
into	O
the	O
MOAP	B-Language
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
7.0	O
and	O
7.0s	O
First	O
shipped	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
release	O
which	O
appeared	O
with	O
all	O
contemporary	O
user	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
including	O
UIQ	B-Language
(	O
Sony	B-Language
Ericsson	I-Language
P800	I-Language
,	O
P900	O
,	O
P910	O
,	O
Motorola	O
A925	O
,	O
A1000	O
)	O
,	O
Series	B-Application
80	I-Application
(	O
Nokia	B-Language
9300	I-Language
,	O
9500	O
)	O
,	O
Series	B-Application
90	I-Application
(	O
Nokia	B-Language
7710	I-Language
)	O
,	O
Series	B-Language
60	I-Language
(	O
Nokia	O
3230	O
,	O
6260	O
,	O
6600	O
,	O
6670	O
,	O
7610	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
several	O
FOMA	B-General_Concept
phones	O
in	O
Japan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
added	O
EDGE	O
support	O
and	O
IPv6	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	O
support	O
was	O
changed	O
from	O
pJava	B-Language
and	O
JavaPhone	O
to	O
one	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
million	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
phones	O
were	O
shipped	O
in	O
Q1	O
2003	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
rate	O
increasing	O
to	O
one	O
million	O
a	O
month	O
by	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
7.0s	O
was	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
7.0	O
special	O
adapted	O
to	O
have	O
greater	O
backward	B-General_Concept
compatibility	I-General_Concept
with	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
6.x	O
,	O
partly	O
for	O
compatibility	O
between	O
the	O
Communicator	O
9500	O
and	O
its	O
predecessor	O
the	O
Communicator	O
9210	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2004	O
,	O
Psion	B-Application
sold	O
its	O
stake	O
in	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
same	O
year	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
worm	O
for	O
mobile	O
phones	O
using	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
Cabir	B-Language
,	O
was	O
developed	O
,	O
which	O
used	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
to	O
spread	O
itself	O
to	O
nearby	O
phones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
See	O
Cabir	B-Language
and	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
threats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
8.0	O
First	O
shipped	O
in	O
2004	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
its	O
advantages	O
would	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
choice	O
of	O
two	O
different	O
kernels	O
(	O
EKA1	B-Language
or	O
EKA2	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
EKA2	B-Language
kernel	O
version	O
did	O
not	O
ship	O
until	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
8.1b	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EKA1	B-Language
was	O
chosen	O
by	O
some	O
manufacturers	O
to	O
maintain	O
compatibility	O
with	O
old	O
device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
,	O
while	O
EKA2	B-Language
was	O
a	O
real-time	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
included	O
were	O
new	O
APIs	O
to	O
support	O
CDMA	B-Protocol
,	O
3G	B-Architecture
,	O
two-way	O
data	O
streaming	O
,	O
DVB-H	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
OpenGL	B-Application
ES	I-Application
with	O
vector	O
graphics	O
and	O
direct	O
screen	O
access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
8.1	O
An	O
improved	O
version	O
of	O
8.0	O
,	O
this	O
was	O
available	O
in	O
8.1a	O
and	O
8.1b	O
versions	O
,	O
with	O
EKA1	B-Language
and	O
EKA2	B-Language
kernels	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
8.1b	O
version	O
,	O
with	O
EKA2	B-Language
's	O
single-chip	O
phone	O
support	O
but	O
no	O
additional	O
security	O
layer	O
,	O
was	O
popular	O
among	O
Japanese	O
phone	O
companies	O
desiring	O
the	O
real-time	B-Operating_System
support	O
but	O
not	O
allowing	O
open	B-Operating_System
application	O
installation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
and	O
maybe	O
the	O
most	O
famous	O
smartphone	B-Application
featuring	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
8.1a	O
was	O
Nokia	B-Language
N90	I-Language
in	O
2005	O
,	O
Nokia	O
's	O
first	O
in	O
Nseries	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9.0	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9.0	O
was	O
used	O
for	O
internal	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
purposes	O
only	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
9.0	O
marked	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
road	O
for	O
EKA1	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
8.1a	O
is	O
the	O
final	O
EKA1	B-Language
version	O
of	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
has	O
generally	O
maintained	O
reasonable	O
binary	B-General_Concept
code	I-General_Concept
compatibility	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
move	O
from	O
requiring	O
ARMv4	O
to	O
requiring	O
ARMv5	O
did	O
not	O
break	O
backwards	B-General_Concept
compatibility	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9.1	O
Released	O
early	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
new	O
ARM	B-Architecture
EABI	O
binary	O
model	O
means	O
developers	O
need	O
to	O
retool	O
and	O
the	O
security	O
changes	O
mean	O
they	O
may	O
have	O
to	O
recode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
S60	B-Language
platform	I-Language
3rd	O
Edition	O
phones	O
have	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9.1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sony	O
Ericsson	O
is	O
shipping	O
the	O
M600	B-Language
and	O
P990	B-Operating_System
based	O
on	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9.1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
9.1	O
introduced	O
capabilities	O
and	O
a	O
Platform	O
Security	O
framework	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Basic	O
capabilities	O
are	O
user-grantable	O
and	O
developers	O
can	O
self-sign	B-Protocol
them	O
,	O
while	O
more	O
advanced	O
capabilities	O
require	O
certification	O
and	O
signing	O
via	O
the	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
Signed	O
program	O
,	O
which	O
uses	O
independent	O
'	O
test	O
houses	O
 '	O
and	O
phone	O
manufacturers	O
for	O
approval	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
file	O
writing	O
is	O
a	O
user-grantable	O
capability	O
while	O
access	O
to	O
Multimedia	O
Device	B-Application
Drivers	I-Application
require	O
phone	O
manufacturer	O
approval	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
TC	O
TrustCenter	O
ACS	O
Publisher	O
ID	O
certificate	O
is	O
required	O
by	O
the	O
developer	O
for	O
signing	O
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9.2	O
Released	O
Q1	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
S60	B-Language
3rd	O
Edition	O
Feature	O
Pack	O
1	O
phones	O
have	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9.2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nokia	O
phones	O
with	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9.2	O
OS	O
include	O
the	O
Nokia	B-Language
E71	I-Language
,	O
Nokia	B-Language
E90	I-Language
,	O
Nokia	B-Language
N95	I-Language
,	O
Nokia	B-Language
N82	I-Language
,	O
Nokia	B-Language
N81	I-Language
and	O
Nokia	O
5700	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9.3	O
Released	O
on	O
12	O
July	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Upgrades	O
include	O
improved	O
memory	B-General_Concept
management	I-General_Concept
and	O
native	O
support	O
for	O
Wifi	O
802.11	O
,	O
HSDPA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Nokia	B-Language
E72	I-Language
,	O
Nokia	O
5730	O
XpressMusic	O
,	O
Nokia	B-Language
N79	I-Language
,	O
Nokia	B-Language
N96	I-Language
,	O
Nokia	B-Language
E52	I-Language
,	O
Nokia	B-Language
E75	I-Language
,	O
Nokia	B-Language
5320	I-Language
XpressMusic	I-Language
,	O
Sony	B-Language
Ericsson	I-Language
P1	I-Language
and	O
others	O
feature	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9.3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9.4	O
Announced	O
in	O
March	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Applications	B-Application
should	O
launch	O
up	O
to	O
75%	O
faster	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
SQL	B-Language
support	O
is	O
provided	O
by	O
SQLite	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ships	O
with	O
the	O
Samsung	B-Application
i8910	I-Application
Omnia	I-Application
HD	I-Application
,	O
Nokia	B-Language
N97	I-Language
,	O
Nokia	B-Language
N97	I-Language
mini	O
,	O
Nokia	B-Language
5800	I-Language
XpressMusic	I-Language
,	O
Nokia	B-Language
5530	I-Language
XpressMusic	I-Language
,	O
Nokia	O
5228	O
,	O
Nokia	B-Language
5230	I-Language
,	O
Nokia	B-Language
5233	I-Language
,	O
Nokia	B-Language
5235	I-Language
,	O
Nokia	O
C6-00	O
,	O
Nokia	B-Language
X6	I-Language
,	O
Sony	B-Language
Ericsson	I-Language
Satio	I-Language
,	O
Sony	B-Language
Ericsson	I-Language
Vivaz	I-Language
and	O
Sony	B-Language
Ericsson	I-Language
Vivaz	I-Language
Pro	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Used	O
as	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
Symbian^1	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
platform	I-Operating_System
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
release	O
is	O
also	O
better	O
known	O
as	O
S60	B-Language
5th	O
edition	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
bundled	O
interface	B-Application
for	O
the	O
OS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian^2	O
Symbian^2	O
is	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
that	O
only	O
used	O
by	O
Japanese	O
manufacturers	O
,	O
started	O
selling	O
in	O
Japan	O
market	O
since	O
May	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian^3	O
(	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
9.5	O
)	O
and	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
Anna	I-Operating_System
Symbian^3	O
is	O
an	O
improvement	O
over	O
previous	O
S60	B-Language
5th	O
Edition	O
and	O
features	O
single	O
touch	O
menus	O
in	O
the	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
new	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
kernel	O
with	O
hardware-accelerated	O
graphics	O
;	O
further	O
improvements	O
will	O
come	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
half	O
of	O
2011	O
including	O
portrait	O
qwerty	O
keyboard	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
browser	B-Language
and	O
split-screen	O
text	O
input	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nokia	O
announced	O
that	O
updates	O
to	O
Symbian^3	O
interface	B-Application
will	O
be	O
delivered	O
gradually	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
available	O
;	O
Symbian^4	O
,	O
the	O
previously	O
planned	O
major	O
release	O
,	O
is	O
now	O
discontinued	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
its	O
intended	O
features	O
will	O
be	O
incorporated	O
into	O
Symbian^3	O
in	O
successive	O
releases	O
,	O
starting	O
with	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
Anna	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nokia	B-Operating_System
Belle	I-Operating_System
(	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
10.1	O
)	O
In	O
the	O
summer	O
of	O
2011	O
videos	O
showing	O
an	O
early	O
leaked	O
version	O
of	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
Belle	I-Operating_System
(	O
original	O
name	O
of	O
Nokia	B-Operating_System
Belle	I-Operating_System
)	O
running	O
on	O
a	O
Nokia	B-Language
N8	I-Language
were	O
published	O
on	O
YouTube	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
24	O
August	O
2011	O
,	O
Nokia	O
announced	O
it	O
officially	O
for	O
three	O
new	O
smartphones	B-Application
,	O
the	O
Nokia	O
600	O
(	O
later	O
replaced	O
by	O
Nokia	B-Language
603	I-Language
)	O
,	O
Nokia	B-Language
700	I-Language
,	O
and	O
Nokia	B-Language
701	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nokia	O
officially	O
renamed	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
Belle	I-Operating_System
to	O
Nokia	B-Operating_System
Belle	I-Operating_System
in	O
a	O
company	O
blog	O
post	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nokia	B-Operating_System
Belle	I-Operating_System
adds	O
to	O
the	O
Anna	O
improvements	O
with	O
a	O
pull-down	O
status/notification	O
bar	O
,	O
deeper	O
near	O
field	O
communication	O
integration	O
,	O
free-form	O
re-sizable	O
homescreen	O
widgets	B-Application
,	O
and	O
six	O
homescreens	O
instead	O
of	O
the	O
previous	O
three	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
7	O
February	O
2012	O
,	O
Nokia	B-Operating_System
Belle	I-Operating_System
update	O
is	O
available	O
for	O
most	O
phone	O
models	O
through	O
Nokia	B-Application
Suite	I-Application
,	O
coming	O
later	O
to	O
Australia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
1	O
March	O
2012	O
,	O
Nokia	O
announced	O
a	O
Feature	O
Pack	O
1	O
update	O
for	O
Nokia	B-Operating_System
Belle	I-Operating_System
which	O
will	O
be	O
available	O
as	O
an	O
update	O
to	O
Nokia	B-Language
603	I-Language
,	O
700	O
,	O
701	O
(	O
excluding	O
others	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
Nokia	B-Language
808	I-Language
PureView	I-Language
natively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbian	B-Operating_System
Carla	O
and	O
Donna	O
were	O
the	O
planned	O
follow-up	O
releases	O
to	O
Belle	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
released	O
in	O
late	O
2012	O
and	O
late	O
2013	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latest	O
software	O
release	O
for	O
Nokia	O
1st	O
generation	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
Belle	I-Operating_System
smartphones	B-Application
(	O
Nokia	B-Language
N8	I-Language
,	O
C7	B-Algorithm
,	O
C6-01	B-Algorithm
,	O
Oro	O
,	O
500	B-Language
,	O
X7	B-Language
,	O
E7	O
,	O
E6	O
)	O
is	O
Nokia	B-Operating_System
Belle	I-Operating_System
Refresh	O
(	O
111.040.1511	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2012	O
,	O
the	O
Nokia	B-Operating_System
Belle	I-Operating_System
Feature	O
Pack	O
2	O
,	O
widely	O
considered	O
the	O
last	O
major	O
update	O
for	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
,	O
was	O
released	O
for	O
Nokia	B-Language
603	I-Language
,	O
700	O
,	O
701	O
,	O
and	O
808	B-Language
PureView	I-Language
.	O
</s>
