<s>
This	O
article	O
discusses	O
support	O
programs	O
included	O
in	O
or	O
available	O
for	O
OS/360	B-Application
and	I-Application
successors	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
all	O
,	O
of	O
these	O
programs	O
match	O
the	O
types	O
in	O
utility	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
lists	O
describe	O
programs	O
associated	O
with	O
OS/360	B-Application
and	I-Application
successors	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
No	O
DOS	O
,	O
TPF	B-Operating_System
or	O
VM	B-Application
utilities	O
are	O
included	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
programs	O
are	O
usually	O
invoked	O
via	O
Job	B-Application
Control	I-Application
Language	I-Application
(	O
JCL	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
tend	O
to	O
use	O
common	O
JCL	O
DD	O
identifiers	O
(	O
in	O
the	O
OS	O
,	O
now	O
z/OS	B-Application
operating	O
systems	O
)	O
for	O
their	O
data	B-Application
sets	I-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
IDCAMS	O
(	O
"	O
Access	B-Application
Method	I-Application
Services	I-Application
"	O
)	O
generates	O
and	O
modifies	O
Virtual	B-Application
Storage	I-Application
Access	I-Application
Method	I-Application
(	O
VSAM	O
)	O
and	O
Non-VSAM	O
datasets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IDCAMS	O
was	O
introduced	O
along	O
with	O
VSAM	O
in	O
OS/VS	B-Application
;	O
the	O
"	O
Access	O
Method	O
"	O
reference	O
derives	O
from	O
the	O
initial	O
"	O
VSAM	O
replaces	O
all	O
other	O
access	O
methods	O
"	O
mindset	O
of	O
OS/VS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
IDCAMS	O
probably	O
has	O
the	O
most	O
functionality	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
utility	B-Application
programs	I-Application
,	O
performing	O
many	O
functions	O
,	O
for	O
both	O
VSAM	O
and	O
non-VSAM	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
dataset	O
has	O
80-byte	O
records	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
system	O
will	O
choose	O
the	O
block	B-General_Concept
size	I-General_Concept
for	O
the	O
output	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
example	O
above	O
,	O
SYSIN	O
control	O
cards	O
are	O
coming	O
from	O
an	O
in-stream	O
file	O
,	O
but	O
you	O
can	O
instead	O
point	O
to	O
any	O
sequential	O
file	O
or	O
a	O
PDS	B-Application
member	O
containing	O
control	O
cards	O
or	O
a	O
temporary	O
data-set	O
,	O
if	O
you	O
wish	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IEBCOMPR	O
compares	O
records	O
in	O
sequential	O
or	O
partitioned	O
data	B-Application
sets	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
comparison	O
is	O
performed	O
at	O
the	O
logical	O
record	O
level	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Therefore	O
,	O
IEBCOMPR	O
is	O
commonly	O
used	O
to	O
verify	O
that	O
a	O
backup	O
copy	O
of	O
a	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
is	O
correct	O
(	O
exact	O
match	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
processing	O
,	O
IEBCOMPR	O
compares	O
each	O
record	O
from	O
each	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
,	O
one	O
by	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
comparing	O
sequential	O
data	B-Application
sets	I-Application
,	O
IEBCOMPR	O
considers	O
the	O
data	B-Application
sets	I-Application
equal	O
if	O
the	O
following	O
conditions	O
are	O
met	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
data	B-Application
sets	I-Application
contain	O
the	O
same	O
number	O
of	O
records	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
partitioned	O
data	B-Application
sets	I-Application
,	O
IEBCOMPR	O
considers	O
the	O
data	B-Application
sets	I-Application
equal	O
if	O
the	O
following	O
conditions	O
are	O
met	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
directory	O
entries	O
for	O
the	O
two	O
partitioned	O
data	B-Application
sets	I-Application
match	O
-	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
the	O
names	O
are	O
the	O
same	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
entries	O
are	O
equal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
comparisons	O
of	O
programs	O
or	O
reports	O
,	O
the	O
ISPF	B-Operating_System
SuperC	O
(	O
ISRSUPC	O
)	O
compare	O
program	O
is	O
often	O
used	O
instead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IEBCOPY	O
copies	O
,	O
compresses	O
and	O
merges	O
partitioned	O
data	B-Application
sets	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Creating	O
an	O
unload	O
of	O
a	O
partitioned	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
(	O
PDS	B-Application
)	O
to	O
a	O
PS	O
dataset	O
,	O
for	O
backup	O
or	O
transmission	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Copying	O
a	O
PDS	B-Application
in	O
place	O
to	O
reclaim	O
the	O
unused	O
space	O
from	O
deleted	O
members	O
;	O
also	O
called	O
compressing	O
a	O
PDS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Copying	O
selected	O
members	O
to	O
another	O
PDS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Renaming	O
selected	O
members	O
of	O
a	O
PDS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Merging	O
multiple	O
partitioned	O
data	B-Application
sets	I-Application
into	O
a	O
single	O
PDS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Members	O
that	O
are	O
already	O
present	O
in	O
another	O
PDS	B-Application
will	O
not	O
get	O
replaced	O
unless	O
the	O
R	O
option	O
is	O
specified	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
IEBCOPY	O
utility	O
,	O
the	O
required	O
job	B-Application
control	I-Application
statements	I-Application
for	O
a	O
copy	O
are	O
as	O
follows	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MYDD1	O
and	O
MYDD2	O
DD	O
statements	O
are	O
names	O
chosen	O
by	O
the	O
user	O
for	O
the	O
partitioned	O
input	O
and	O
output	O
data	B-Application
sets	I-Application
,	O
respectively	O
;	O
The	O
defaults	O
are	O
SYSUT1	O
and	O
SYSUT2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
DDNAMEs	O
are	O
specified	O
in	O
the	O
utility	O
control	O
statements	O
to	O
tell	O
IEBCOPY	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
input	O
and	O
output	O
data	B-Application
sets	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
You	O
only	O
need	O
one	O
DD	O
statement	O
for	O
a	O
PDS	B-Application
to	O
be	O
compressed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
example	O
,	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
xxxxx.yyyyy.zzzzz	O
should	O
contain	O
job(s )	O
(	O
which	O
should	O
include	O
steps	O
named	O
STEP5	O
,	O
STEP10	O
,	O
and	O
STEP15	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
START	O
is	O
specified	O
without	O
TYPE	O
and	O
STEPNAME	O
,	O
the	O
JOB	B-Application
statement	I-Application
and	O
all	O
job	O
steps	O
for	O
the	O
specified	O
job	O
are	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
output	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Default	O
:	O
If	O
START	O
is	O
omitted	O
and	O
only	O
one	O
EDIT	O
statement	O
is	O
provided	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
job	O
encountered	O
in	O
the	O
input	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
is	O
processed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
START	O
is	O
omitted	O
from	O
an	O
EDIT	O
statement	O
other	O
than	O
the	O
first	O
statement	O
,	O
processing	O
continues	O
with	O
the	O
next	O
JOB	B-Application
statement	I-Application
found	O
in	O
the	O
input	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
TYPE={POSITION|INCLUDE|EXCLUDE}	O
specifies	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
the	O
output	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
POSITION	O
specifies	O
that	O
the	O
output	O
is	O
to	O
consist	O
of	O
a	O
JOB	B-Application
statement	I-Application
,	O
the	O
job	O
step	O
specified	O
in	O
the	O
STEPNAME	O
parameter	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
steps	O
that	O
follow	O
that	O
job	O
step	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
INCLUDE	O
specifies	O
that	O
the	O
output	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
is	O
to	O
contain	O
a	O
JOB	B-Application
statement	I-Application
and	O
all	O
job	O
steps	O
specified	O
in	O
the	O
STEPNAME	O
parameter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EXCLUDE	O
specifies	O
that	O
the	O
output	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
is	O
to	O
contain	O
a	O
JOB	B-Application
statement	I-Application
and	O
all	O
job	O
steps	O
belonging	O
to	O
the	O
job	O
except	O
those	O
steps	O
specified	O
in	O
the	O
STEPNAME	O
parameter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
coded	O
with	O
TYPE	O
=	O
POSITION	O
,	O
STEPNAME	O
specifies	O
the	O
first	O
job	O
step	O
to	O
be	O
placed	O
in	O
the	O
output	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Job	O
steps	O
preceding	O
this	O
step	O
are	O
not	O
copied	O
to	O
the	O
output	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
NOPRINT	O
specifies	O
that	O
the	O
message	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
is	O
not	O
to	O
include	O
a	O
listing	O
of	O
the	O
output	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Default	O
:	O
The	O
resultant	O
output	O
is	O
listed	O
in	O
the	O
message	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Creating	O
a	O
backup	O
of	O
a	O
sequential	B-Application
data	I-Application
set	I-Application
or	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
a	O
PDS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Changing	O
the	O
physical	O
block	B-General_Concept
size	I-General_Concept
or	O
logical	O
record	O
length	O
of	O
a	O
sequential	B-Application
data	I-Application
set	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Creating	O
an	O
edited	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Printing	O
a	O
sequential	B-Application
data	I-Application
set	I-Application
or	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
a	O
PDS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Creating	O
partitioned	O
output	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
from	O
sequential	O
input	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
straight	O
copy	O
tasks	O
,	O
the	O
sort	B-Application
program	O
can	O
often	O
do	O
these	O
faster	O
than	O
IEBGENER	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
many	O
mainframe	O
shops	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
an	O
option	O
that	O
automatically	O
routes	O
such	O
tasks	O
to	O
the	O
sort	B-Application
ICEGENER	O
program	O
instead	O
of	O
IEBGENER	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IEBISAM	O
unloads	O
,	O
loads	O
,	O
copies	O
and	O
prints	O
ISAM	B-Application
datasets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Extracted	O
from	O
IBM	O
manual	O
SC26-7414-08	O
z/OS	B-Application
DFSMSdfp	O
Utilities	O
:	O
The	O
IEBISAM	O
program	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
distributed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
in	O
z/OS	B-Application
V1R7	O
,	O
ISAM	B-Application
data	B-Application
sets	I-Application
can	O
no	O
longer	O
be	O
processed	O
(	O
created	O
,	O
opened	O
,	O
copied	O
or	O
dumped	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
sets	O
that	O
are	O
still	O
in	O
use	O
must	O
be	O
converted	O
to	O
VSAM	O
key-sequenced	O
data	B-Application
sets	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
z/OS	B-Application
V1R7	O
,	O
you	O
could	O
use	O
access	B-Application
method	I-Application
services	I-Application
to	O
allocate	O
a	O
VSAM	O
key-sequenced	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
and	O
copy	O
an	O
ISAM	B-Application
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
into	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Printing	O
or	O
punching	O
an	O
entire	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
,	O
sequential	O
or	O
partitioned	O
(	O
PDS	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Printing	O
or	O
punching	O
selected	O
PDS	B-Application
members	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Printing	O
or	O
punching	O
selected	O
records	O
from	O
a	O
sequential	O
or	O
partitioned	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Printing	O
or	O
punching	O
a	O
PDS	B-Application
directory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Printing	O
or	O
punching	O
an	O
edited	O
version	O
of	O
a	O
sequential	B-Application
data	I-Application
set	I-Application
or	O
PDS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
UNIX	O
patch	B-Application
utility	O
is	O
a	O
similar	O
program	O
,	O
but	O
uses	O
different	O
input	O
format	O
markers	O
(	O
e	O
..	O
g	O
,	O
"	O
./	O
INSERT	O
...	O
"	O
in	O
MVS	B-Application
becomes	O
"	O
@@	O
...	O
"	O
in	O
Unix	O
Patch	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
IEBUPDTE	O
utility	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
maintain	O
source	O
libraries	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Changing	O
the	O
organization	O
of	O
a	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
from	O
sequential	O
to	O
partitioned	O
or	O
from	O
partitioned	O
to	O
sequential	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IEBUPDTE	O
is	O
commonly	O
used	O
to	O
distribute	O
source	O
libraries	B-Application
from	O
tape	O
to	O
DASD	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
IEBUPDTE	O
uses	O
the	O
same	O
job	B-Application
control	I-Application
statements	I-Application
required	O
by	O
most	O
IEB-type	O
utilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
SYSUT1	O
DD	O
statement	O
is	O
required	O
to	O
define	O
the	O
input	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
IEBUPDTE	O
reads	O
the	O
input	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
from	O
either	O
the	O
SYSUT1	O
DD	O
statement	O
or	O
from	O
the	O
SYSIN	O
DD	O
statement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IEFBR14	B-Application
is	O
a	O
dummy	O
program	O
,	O
normally	O
inserted	O
in	O
JCL	O
when	O
the	O
only	O
desired	O
action	O
is	O
allocation	O
or	O
deletion	O
of	O
datasets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
example	O
of	O
an	O
IEFBR14	B-Application
step	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
calling	O
sequence	O
for	O
OS/360	B-Application
contained	O
the	O
return	B-Language
address	I-Language
in	O
Register	O
14	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IEF	O
is	O
the	O
"	O
prefix	O
"	O
of	O
OS/360	B-Application
'	O
s	O
"	O
job	O
management	O
"	O
subsystem	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
error	O
was	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
IEFBR14	B-Application
program	O
not	O
being	O
link-edited	O
as	O
reenterable	O
(	O
simultaneously	O
usable	O
by	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
caller	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
hackers	O
have	O
taken	O
IEFBR14	B-Application
and	O
changed	O
the	O
BR	O
14	O
instruction	O
to	O
BR	O
15	O
,	O
thereby	O
creating	O
"	O
the	O
shortest	O
loop	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
"	O
,	O
as	O
register	O
15	O
contains	O
the	O
address	O
of	O
the	O
IEFBR14	B-Application
module	O
itself	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
BR	O
15	O
instruction	O
would	O
simply	O
re-invoke	O
the	O
module	O
,	O
forever	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
utilities	O
are	O
normally	O
used	O
by	O
systems	B-Application
programmers	I-Application
in	O
maintaining	O
the	O
operation	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
by	O
programmers	O
in	O
doing	O
application	O
work	O
on	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ICKDSF	O
(	O
"	O
Device	O
Support	O
Facility	O
"	O
)	O
installs	O
,	O
initializes	O
and	O
maintains	O
DASD	B-Application
,	O
either	O
under	O
an	O
operating	O
system	O
,	O
or	O
standalone	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Restore	O
DASD	B-Application
volumes	O
from	O
backup	O
tapes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
removed	O
IEHDASDR	O
in	O
MVS/XA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
standard	O
or	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
labels	O
may	O
be	O
written	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Not	O
applicable	O
to	O
OS/VS2	B-Application
or	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IEHLIST	O
is	O
a	O
utility	O
used	O
to	O
list	O
entries	O
in	O
a	O
Partitioned	O
Dataset	O
(	O
PDS	B-Application
)	O
directory	O
or	O
to	O
list	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
a	O
Volume	B-Application
Table	I-Application
of	I-Application
Contents	I-Application
(	O
VTOC	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
job	O
will	O
produce	O
a	O
formatted	O
listing	O
of	O
the	O
PDS	B-Application
directory	O
of	O
the	O
PDS	B-Application
named	O
xxxx.yyyy.zzzz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
example	O
of	O
an	O
IEHLIST	O
program	O
to	O
list	O
a	O
VTOC	B-Application
is	O
very	O
similar	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
DFSMS	O
(	O
System	B-Application
Managed	I-Application
Storage	I-Application
)	O
environments	O
are	O
now	O
common	O
,	O
and	O
IBM	O
does	O
not	O
recommend	O
using	O
the	O
IEHMOVE	O
utility	O
in	O
those	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
move	O
differs	O
from	O
a	O
copy	O
in	O
that	O
following	O
a	O
move	O
the	O
original	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
is	O
deleted	O
,	O
or	O
scratched	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
advantage	O
of	O
using	O
IEHMOVE	O
is	O
that	O
you	O
do	O
not	O
need	O
to	O
specify	O
space	O
or	O
DCB	B-Application
information	O
for	O
the	O
new	O
data	B-Application
sets	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
because	O
IEHMOVE	O
allocates	O
this	O
information	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
existing	O
data	B-Application
sets	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
advantage	O
of	O
IEHMOVE	O
is	O
that	O
you	O
can	O
copy	O
or	O
move	O
groups	O
of	O
data	B-Application
sets	I-Application
as	O
well	O
as	O
entire	O
volumes	O
of	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
the	O
ease	O
in	O
moving	O
groups	O
of	O
data	B-Application
sets	I-Application
or	O
volumes	O
,	O
the	O
IEHMOVE	O
utility	O
is	O
generally	O
favored	O
by	O
systems	B-Application
programmers	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DD	O
statements	O
for	O
IEHMOVE	O
,	O
other	O
than	O
SYSPRINT	O
and	O
SYSIN	O
,	O
refer	O
to	O
DASD	B-Application
or	O
magnetic	O
tape	O
volumes	O
instead	O
of	O
individual	O
data	B-Application
sets	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
acceptable	O
for	O
private	O
volumes	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
tape	O
or	O
mountable	O
DASD	B-Application
volumes	O
,	O
but	O
unacceptable	O
public	O
volumes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SYSUT1	O
DD	O
statement	O
specifies	O
a	O
DASD	B-Application
volume	O
where	O
three	O
work	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
required	O
by	O
IEHMOVE	O
are	O
allocated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IEHMOVE	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
systems	O
to	O
be	O
developed	O
in	O
PL/S	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
example	O
,	O
three	O
sequential	O
data	B-Application
sets	I-Application
(	O
SEQSET1	O
,	O
SEQSET2	O
,	O
and	O
SEQSET3	O
)	O
are	O
moved	O
from	O
one	O
disk	O
volume	O
to	O
three	O
separate	O
disk	O
volumes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
source	O
data	B-Application
sets	I-Application
are	O
not	O
cataloged	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
for	O
renaming	O
and	O
scratching	O
(	O
deleting	O
)	O
a	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
cataloging	B-Library
:	O
</s>
<s>
Select	O
and	O
format	O
SMF	B-Application
records	O
for	O
tape	O
errors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
are	O
utility	B-Application
program	I-Application
that	O
IBM	O
documents	O
in	O
service	O
aids	O
or	O
diagnosis	O
manuals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
OS/360	B-Application
Service	O
aids	O
had	O
names	O
beginning	O
with	O
IFC	O
and	O
IM*	O
,	O
but	O
IBM	O
changed	O
the	O
naming	O
convention	O
to	O
HM*	O
for	O
OS/VS1	B-Application
and	O
to	O
AM*	O
for	O
OS/VS2	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initializes	O
the	O
SYS1.LOGREC	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Summarizes	O
and	O
prints	O
records	O
from	O
the	O
SYS1.LOGREC	O
error	O
recording	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
functions	O
of	O
this	O
program	O
have	O
been	O
subsumed	O
by	O
SMP	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Not	O
applicable	O
to	O
MVS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Not	O
applicable	O
to	O
MVS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Formats	O
and	O
prints	O
core	B-Error_Name
dumps	I-Error_Name
,	O
TSO	B-Application
swap	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
,	O
and	O
GTF	O
trace	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Sort/Merge	B-Application
utility	O
is	O
a	O
program	O
which	O
sorts	O
records	O
in	O
a	O
file	O
into	O
a	O
specified	O
order	O
,	O
or	O
merge	O
pre-sorted	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modern	O
sort/merge	B-Application
programs	O
also	O
can	O
select	O
or	O
omit	O
certain	O
records	O
,	O
summarize	O
records	O
,	O
remove	O
duplicates	O
,	O
reformat	O
records	O
,	O
and	O
produce	O
simple	O
reports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sort/merge	B-Application
is	O
important	O
enough	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
multiple	O
companies	O
each	O
selling	O
their	O
own	O
sort/merge	B-Application
package	O
for	O
IBM	O
mainframes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
's	O
original	O
OS/360	B-Application
sort/merge	B-Application
program	O
,	O
360S-SM-023	O
,	O
program	O
name	O
IERRCO00	O
(	O
alias	O
SORT	B-Application
)	O
,	O
supported	O
only	O
IBM	O
's	O
first-generation	O
direct-access	B-Application
storage	I-Application
devices	I-Application
(	O
DASD	B-Application
)	O
and	O
tapes	O
(	O
2400	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
second-generation	O
disk	O
drives	O
was	O
provided	O
by	O
IBM	O
program	O
products	O
such	O
as	O
5734-SM1	O
and	O
the	O
later	O
5740-SM1	O
(	O
DFSORT	B-Application
,	O
alias	O
ICEMAN	O
,	O
also	O
SORT	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SORT	B-Application
is	O
frequently	O
executed	O
as	O
a	O
stand-alone	O
program	O
,	O
where	O
it	O
normally	O
reads	O
input	O
from	O
a	O
file	O
identified	O
by	O
DD	O
SORTIN	O
and	O
writes	O
sorted	O
output	O
to	O
a	O
file	O
identified	O
by	O
DD	O
SORTOUT	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
often	O
called	O
from	O
another	O
application	O
,	O
via	O
the	O
COBOL	B-Application
SORT	B-Application
verb	O
or	O
calls	O
to	O
PL/I	B-Language
PLISRTx	O
routines	O
,	O
where	O
it	O
may	O
use	O
either	O
SORTIN	O
or	O
SORTOUT	O
files	O
or	O
be	O
passed	O
records	O
to	O
be	O
sorted	O
by	O
the	O
caller	O
and/or	O
pass	O
sorted	O
records	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
caller	O
one	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
operation	O
of	O
SORT	B-Application
is	O
directed	O
by	O
control	O
statements	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
largely	O
compatible	O
among	O
various	O
IBM	O
and	O
third-party	O
sort	B-Application
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SORT	B-Application
or	O
MERGE	O
statement	O
defines	O
the	O
sort	B-Application
keys	O
—	O
the	O
fields	O
on	O
which	O
the	O
data	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
sorted	O
or	O
merged	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
statements	O
allow	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
specify	O
which	O
records	O
should	O
be	O
included	O
or	O
excluded	O
from	O
the	O
sort	B-Application
and	O
specify	O
other	O
transformations	O
to	O
be	O
performed	O
on	O
the	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Keys	O
can	O
be	O
any	O
combination	O
of	O
EBCDIC	B-Language
or	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
character	I-Protocol
data	O
,	O
zoned	O
or	O
packed-decimal	O
,	O
signed	O
or	O
unsigned	O
fixed-point	O
binary	O
,	O
or	O
hexadecimal	O
floating-point	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OS/360	B-Application
sort	B-Application
program	O
,	O
IERRCO00	O
,	O
operates	O
by	O
dividing	O
the	O
input	O
data	O
into	O
sections	O
,	O
sorting	O
each	O
section	O
in	O
main	O
memory	O
,	O
and	O
writing	O
the	O
sorted	O
section	O
to	O
intermediate	O
datasets	O
on	O
either	O
direct-access	B-Application
storage	I-Application
devices	I-Application
(	O
DASD	B-Application
)	O
or	O
magnetic	O
tape	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SORT	B-Application
uses	O
one	O
of	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
techniques	O
for	O
distributing	O
the	O
sections	O
among	O
secondary	O
storage	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Usually	O
SORT	B-Application
can	O
choose	O
the	O
optimal	O
technique	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
can	O
be	O
overridden	O
by	O
the	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SORT	B-Application
has	O
three	O
techniques	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
if	O
the	O
intermediate	O
storage	O
is	O
tape	O
,	O
and	O
two	O
if	O
disk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OS/360	B-Application
had	O
only	O
the	O
Linkage	O
editor	O
,	O
available	O
in	O
several	O
configurations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Linkage	O
editor	O
creates	O
and	O
replaces	O
load	O
modules	O
in	O
a	O
partitioned	O
data	B-Application
set	I-Application
from	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
control	O
cards	O
,	O
object	O
modules	O
other	O
load	O
modules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
z/OS	B-Application
the	O
Linkage	O
Editor	O
is	O
only	O
present	O
for	O
compatibility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
it	O
supports	O
a	O
new	O
format	O
,	O
the	O
program	O
object	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
functional	O
equivalent	O
of	O
a	O
load	O
module	O
in	O
Partitioned	O
Data	B-Application
Set	I-Application
Extended	O
(	O
PDSE	O
)	O
,	O
with	O
many	O
additional	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
programming	O
language	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
computer	O
shop	O
will	O
have	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
associated	O
compilers	B-Language
that	O
translate	O
a	O
source	O
program	O
into	O
a	O
machine-language	O
object	O
module	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Then	O
the	O
object	O
module	O
from	O
the	O
compiler	B-Language
must	O
be	O
processed	O
by	O
the	O
linkage	O
editor	O
,	O
IEWL	O
,	O
to	O
create	O
an	O
executable	O
load	O
module	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IGYCRCTL	O
is	O
a	O
common	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
compiler	B-Language
;	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
compiler	B-Language
for	O
the	O
current	O
IBM	O
Enterprise	O
COBOL	B-Application
for	O
z/OS	B-Application
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
There	O
have	O
been	O
several	O
previous	O
IBM	O
COBOL	B-Application
compilers	B-Language
over	O
the	O
years	O
,	O
with	O
different	O
names	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
many	O
other	O
compilers	B-Language
for	O
various	O
other	O
programming	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Assembler	O
(	O
E	O
)	O
was	O
intended	O
for	O
OS/360	B-Application
running	O
in	O
very	O
small	O
machines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Assembler	O
(	O
F	O
)	O
was	O
intended	O
for	O
normal	O
OS/360	B-Application
installations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Assembler	O
(	O
XF	O
)	O
was	O
the	O
system	O
assembler	O
for	O
OS/VS1	B-Application
and	O
OS/VS2	B-Application
,	O
replacing	O
Assembler	O
(	O
E	O
)	O
and	O
(	O
F	O
)	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
fully	O
compatible	O
with	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
soon	O
made	O
Assembler	O
(	O
XF	O
)	O
the	O
system	O
assembler	O
for	O
DOS	O
and	O
VM	B-Application
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	B-Device
High	I-Device
Level	I-Device
Assembler	I-Device
(	O
HLASM	B-Device
)	O
is	O
essentially	O
a	O
new	O
version	O
of	O
Assembler	O
(	O
H	O
)	O
Version	O
2	O
and	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
assembler	O
that	O
IBM	O
supports	O
on	O
z/OS	B-Application
and	O
z/VM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
System	B-Application
Modification	I-Application
Program	I-Application
(	O
SMP	B-Application
)	O
is	O
the	O
vehicle	O
for	O
installing	O
service	O
on	O
OS/360	B-Application
and	I-Application
successors	I-Application
,	O
replacing	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
stand-alone	O
assembly	O
,	O
link	O
edit	O
and	O
IMAPTFLE	O
jobs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
an	O
optional	O
facility	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
mandatory	O
for	O
MVS/SP	O
and	O
later	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
program	O
product	O
version	O
,	O
SMP/E	B-Application
,	O
is	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
more	O
recent	O
systems	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
z/OS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
