<s>
Supercomputing	B-Architecture
in	I-Architecture
India	I-Architecture
has	O
a	O
history	O
going	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
1980s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Government	O
of	O
India	O
created	O
an	O
indigenous	O
development	O
programme	O
as	O
they	O
had	O
difficulty	O
purchasing	O
foreign	O
supercomputers	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
when	O
ranking	O
by	O
number	O
of	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
systems	O
in	O
the	O
TOP500	B-Operating_System
list	O
,	O
India	O
is	O
ranked	O
at	O
number	O
89	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
PARAM	O
Siddhi-AI	O
being	O
the	O
fastest	B-Operating_System
supercomputer	I-Operating_System
in	O
India	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
India	O
had	O
faced	O
difficulties	O
in	O
the	O
1980s	O
when	O
trying	O
to	O
purchase	O
supercomputers	B-Architecture
for	O
academic	O
and	O
weather	O
forecasting	O
purposes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1987	O
the	O
Indian	O
Government	O
had	O
requested	O
to	O
purchase	O
a	O
Cray	B-Device
X-MP	I-Device
supercomputer	B-Architecture
;	O
this	O
request	O
was	O
denied	O
by	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
government	O
as	O
the	O
machine	O
could	O
have	O
a	O
dual	O
use	O
in	O
weapons	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
this	O
problem	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
year	O
,	O
the	O
Government	O
of	O
India	O
decided	O
to	O
promote	O
an	O
indigenous	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
development	O
programme	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BARC	O
created	O
the	O
Anupam	O
series	O
of	O
supercomputers	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
ANURAG	O
created	O
the	O
PACE	O
series	O
of	O
supercomputers	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
C-DAC	O
was	O
given	O
an	O
initial	O
3	O
year	O
budget	O
of	O
Rs375	O
million	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
1000MFLOPS	O
(	O
1GFLOPS	O
)	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
by	O
1991	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
C-DAC	O
unveiled	O
the	O
PARAM	O
8000	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
in	O
1991	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1993	O
the	O
PARAM	O
9000	O
series	O
of	O
supercomputers	B-Architecture
was	O
released	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
a	O
peak	O
computing	O
power	O
of	O
5	O
GFLOPS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
Indian	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
to	O
feature	O
on	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
fastest	B-Operating_System
supercomputers	I-Operating_System
,	O
in	O
June	O
2003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
early	O
2000s	O
it	O
was	O
noted	O
that	O
only	O
ANURAG	O
,	O
BARC	O
,	O
C-DAC	O
and	O
NAL	O
were	O
continuing	O
development	O
of	O
their	O
supercomputers	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Indian	O
Government	O
has	O
proposed	O
to	O
commit	O
US	O
$2.5	O
billion	O
to	O
supercomputing	B-Architecture
research	O
during	O
the	O
12th	O
Five-Year	O
Plan	O
period	O
(	O
2012	O
–	O
2017	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
later	O
revealed	O
that	O
India	O
plans	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
with	O
processing	O
power	O
in	O
the	O
exaflops	B-General_Concept
range	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
the	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Electronics	O
and	O
Information	O
Technology	O
announced	O
a	O
"	O
National	O
Supercomputing	B-Architecture
Mission	O
"	O
(	O
NSM	O
)	O
to	O
install	O
73	O
indigenous	O
supercomputers	B-Architecture
throughout	O
the	O
country	O
by	O
2022	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
aim	O
is	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
cluster	O
of	O
geographically	O
distributed	O
high-performance	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
centers	O
linked	O
over	O
a	O
high-speed	O
network	O
,	O
connecting	O
various	O
academic	O
and	O
research	O
institutions	O
across	O
India	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
mission	O
involves	O
both	O
capacity	O
and	O
capability	O
machines	O
and	O
includes	O
standing	O
up	O
three	O
petascale	O
supercomputers	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
phase	O
involved	O
deployment	O
of	O
supercomputers	B-Architecture
which	O
have	O
60%	O
Indian	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
third	O
and	O
final	O
phase	O
intends	O
to	O
deploy	O
fully	O
indigenous	O
supercomputers	B-Architecture
,	O
with	O
an	O
aimed	O
speed	O
of	O
45	O
petaFLOPS	O
within	O
the	O
NKN	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
October	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
assembled	O
in	O
India	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
had	O
been	O
installed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
there	O
are	O
3	O
systems	O
based	O
in	O
India	O
on	O
the	O
TOP500	B-Operating_System
supercomputer	B-Architecture
list	O
.	O
</s>
