<s>
A	O
super-app	B-Application
(	O
also	O
written	O
as	O
super	O
app	O
or	O
superapp	B-Application
)	O
is	O
a	O
mobile	B-Application
or	O
web	B-Application
application	I-Application
that	O
can	O
provide	O
multiple	O
services	O
including	O
payment	O
and	O
financial	O
transaction	O
processing	O
,	O
effectively	O
becoming	O
an	O
all-encompassing	O
self-contained	O
commerce	O
and	O
communication	O
online	O
platform	O
that	O
embraces	O
many	O
aspects	O
of	O
personal	O
and	O
commercial	O
life	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notable	O
examples	O
of	O
super-apps	B-Application
include	O
Alipay	O
,	O
Tencent	O
's	O
WeChat	B-Application
in	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
Grab	O
in	O
Southeast	O
Asia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
end	O
users	O
,	O
a	O
superapp	B-Application
is	O
an	O
application	O
that	O
provides	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
core	O
features	O
while	O
also	O
giving	O
access	O
to	O
independently	O
developed	O
miniapps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
app	O
developers	O
,	O
a	O
superapp	B-Application
is	O
an	O
application	O
integrated	O
with	O
the	O
capabilities	O
of	O
platforms	O
and	O
ecosystems	O
that	O
allows	O
third-parties	O
to	O
develop	O
and	O
publish	O
miniapps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
which	O
would	O
become	O
a	O
widely	O
used	O
super-app	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
super-app	B-Application
term	O
was	O
first	O
used	O
to	O
describe	O
WeChat	B-Application
,	O
a	O
ubiquitous	O
application	O
used	O
by	O
1.2	O
billion	O
people	O
,	O
mostly	O
from	O
China	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Recognition	O
of	O
WeChat	B-Application
as	O
a	O
super-app	B-Application
stems	O
from	O
its	O
combination	O
of	O
messaging	O
,	O
payments	O
,	O
e-commerce	O
,	O
and	O
much	O
more	O
within	O
a	O
single	O
application	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
indispensable	O
for	O
many	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WeChat	B-Application
's	O
establishment	O
of	O
the	O
super-app	B-Application
model	O
have	O
led	O
companies	O
like	O
Meta	O
(	O
formerly	O
Facebook	O
)	O
to	O
try	O
and	O
build	O
similar	O
applications	O
outside	O
of	O
China	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Major	O
Indian	O
companies	O
like	O
Paytm	O
,	O
PhonePe	O
,	O
and	O
ITC	O
Maars	O
also	O
have	O
apps	O
in	O
development	O
that	O
might	O
constitute	O
super-apps	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Southeast	O
Asia	O
,	O
Grab	O
and	O
Gojek	O
lay	O
claim	O
to	O
the	O
super-app	B-Application
classification	O
despite	O
lacking	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
features	O
offered	O
by	O
WeChat	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2022	O
Elon	O
Musk	O
expressed	O
interest	O
in	O
creating	O
a	O
super-app	B-Application
under	O
the	O
name	O
"	O
X	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alipay	O
is	O
a	O
third-party	O
mobile	B-Application
and	O
online	O
payment	O
platform	O
established	O
in	O
Hangzhou	O
,	O
China	O
in	O
February	O
2004	O
by	O
Alibaba	O
Group	O
and	O
its	O
founder	O
Jack	O
Ma	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gojek	O
is	O
an	O
Indonesian	O
on-demand	O
multi-service	O
digital	O
platform	O
and	O
fintech	O
payment	O
super-app	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Established	O
in	O
Jakarta	O
in	O
2010	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
call	O
center	O
to	O
connect	O
consumers	O
to	O
courier	O
delivery	O
and	O
two-wheeled	O
ride-hailing	O
services	O
,	O
it	O
launched	O
its	O
mobile	B-Application
app	I-Application
in	O
2015	O
with	O
four	O
services	O
:	O
GoRide	O
,	O
GoSend	O
,	O
GoShop	O
,	O
and	O
GoFood	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
since	O
expanded	O
to	O
offer	O
over	O
20	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
ride-hailing	O
and	O
transportation	O
services	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
mobile	B-Application
app	I-Application
also	O
offers	O
food	O
delivery	O
and	O
digital	O
payments	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WeChat	B-Application
is	O
a	O
Chinese	O
multi-purpose	O
instant	B-Application
messaging	I-Application
,	O
social	O
media	O
and	O
mobile	B-Application
payment	O
app	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
released	O
in	O
2011	O
,	O
it	O
became	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
largest	O
standalone	O
mobile	B-Application
app	I-Application
in	O
2018	O
,	O
with	O
over	O
1	O
billion	O
monthly	O
active	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WeChat	B-Application
provides	O
text	O
messaging	O
,	O
hold-to-talk	O
voice	O
messaging	O
,	O
broadcast	O
(	O
one-to-many	O
)	O
messaging	O
,	O
video	O
conferencing	O
,	O
video	O
games	O
,	O
sharing	O
of	O
photographs	O
and	O
videos	O
and	O
location	O
sharing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
is	O
a	O
leading	O
provider	O
of	O
mobile	B-Application
digital	O
map	O
,	O
navigation	O
and	O
real-time	O
traffic	O
information	O
in	O
China	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
empowers	O
major	O
mobile	B-Application
apps	I-Application
across	O
different	O
industry	O
verticals	O
,	O
including	O
local	O
services	O
,	O
ride-hailing	O
and	O
social	O
networking	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
apps	O
that	O
fit	O
the	O
super-app	B-Application
classification	O
can	O
offer	O
users	O
a	O
wider	O
variety	O
of	O
services	O
in	O
comparison	O
to	O
single-purpose	O
alternatives	O
,	O
internet	O
regulators	O
in	O
regions	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
US	O
and	O
Europe	O
have	O
become	O
more	O
concerned	O
about	O
the	O
overall	O
power	O
of	O
the	O
technology	O
industry	O
and	O
have	O
become	O
more	O
critical	O
of	O
companies	O
developing	O
such	O
apps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
China	O
,	O
WeChat	B-Application
and	O
other	O
local	O
firms	O
have	O
been	O
ordered	O
to	O
open	O
up	O
their	O
platforms	O
to	O
rivals	O
by	O
local	O
regulators	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
also	O
reports	O
that	O
suggest	O
it	O
might	O
be	O
difficult	O
to	O
replicate	O
WeChat	B-Application
's	O
super-app	B-Application
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
a	O
technical	O
viewpoint	O
,	O
single-purpose	O
apps	O
are	O
comparatively	O
faster	O
,	O
more	O
responsive	O
and	O
easier	O
to	O
navigate	O
than	O
super-apps	B-Application
,	O
which	O
help	O
improve	O
the	O
overall	O
user	O
experience	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Super-apps	B-Application
are	O
also	O
likelier	O
to	O
store	O
larger	O
amounts	O
of	O
personal	O
data	O
to	O
facilitate	O
the	O
delivery	O
of	O
their	O
services	O
,	O
and	O
users	O
run	O
a	O
greater	O
risk	O
of	O
becoming	O
victims	O
of	O
severe	O
data	O
breaches	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
noted	O
that	O
a	O
user	O
that	O
loses	O
access	O
to	O
their	O
account	O
or	O
is	O
banned	O
from	O
a	O
super-app	B-Application
generally	O
loses	O
access	O
to	O
multiple	O
real-life	O
services	O
and	O
digital	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
