<s>
Structural	B-Application
synthesis	I-Application
of	I-Application
programs	I-Application
(	O
SSP	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
special	O
form	O
of	O
(	O
automatic	O
)	O
program	B-Application
synthesis	I-Application
that	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
propositional	O
calculus	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Automatic	B-Application
program	I-Application
synthesis	I-Application
began	O
in	O
the	O
artificial	O
intelligence	O
field	O
,	O
with	O
software	O
intended	O
for	O
automatic	O
problem	O
solving	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Manna	O
,	O
and	O
R	O
.	O
Waldinger	O
explained	O
the	O
possible	O
use	O
of	O
formal	O
logic	O
for	O
automatic	B-Application
program	I-Application
synthesis	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
idea	O
of	O
structural	B-Application
synthesis	I-Application
of	I-Application
programs	I-Application
was	O
introduced	O
at	O
a	O
conference	O
on	O
algorithms	O
in	O
modern	O
mathematics	O
and	O
computer	O
science	O
organized	O
by	O
Andrey	O
Ershov	O
and	O
Donald	O
Knuth	O
in	O
1979	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
recent	O
Integrated	B-Application
development	I-Application
environment	I-Application
that	O
supports	O
SSP	O
is	O
CoCoViLa	O
a	O
model-based	O
software	B-Application
development	I-Application
platform	I-Application
for	O
implementing	O
domain	B-Language
specific	I-Language
languages	I-Language
and	O
developing	O
large	O
Java	B-Language
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Structural	B-Application
synthesis	I-Application
of	I-Application
programs	I-Application
is	O
a	O
method	O
for	O
composing	O
programs	O
from	O
already	O
implemented	O
components	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
specification	O
for	O
synthesis	O
is	O
given	O
in	O
intuitionistic	O
propositional	O
logic	O
by	O
writing	O
axioms	B-Algorithm
about	O
the	O
applicability	O
of	O
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
precondition	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
an	O
implication	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
form	O
as	O
the	O
axiom	B-Algorithm
given	O
above	O
;	O
then	O
it	O
is	O
called	O
a	O
subtask	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
realization	O
of	O
the	O
axiom	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
higher	B-Language
order	I-Language
function	I-Language
,	O
i.e.	O
,	O
a	O
function	O
that	O
uses	O
another	O
function	O
as	O
an	O
input	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
can	O
specify	O
a	O
higher	B-Language
order	I-Language
function	I-Language
with	O
two	O
inputs	O
and	O
an	O
output	O
result	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Higher	B-Language
order	I-Language
functions	I-Language
give	O
generality	O
to	O
the	O
SSP	O
–	O
any	O
control	O
structure	O
needed	O
in	O
a	O
synthesized	O
program	O
can	O
be	O
preprogrammed	O
and	O
used	O
then	O
automatically	O
with	O
a	O
respective	O
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
last	O
axiom	B-Algorithm
presented	O
here	O
is	O
a	O
specification	O
of	O
a	O
complex	O
program	O
–	O
a	O
simulation	O
engine	O
for	O
simulating	O
dynamic	O
systems	O
on	O
models	O
where	O
nextState	O
can	O
be	O
computed	O
from	O
state	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
