<s>
Although	O
many	O
types	O
of	O
video	O
games	O
can	O
contain	O
strategic	O
elements	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
genre	O
,	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
are	O
most	O
commonly	O
defined	O
as	O
those	O
with	O
a	O
primary	O
focus	O
on	O
high-level	O
strategy	O
,	O
logistics	O
and	O
resource	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
most	O
strategy	B-Application
video	I-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
the	O
player	O
is	O
given	O
a	O
godlike	O
view	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
world	O
,	O
and	O
indirectly	O
controls	O
game	O
units	O
under	O
their	O
command	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
,	O
most	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
involve	O
elements	O
of	O
warfare	O
to	O
varying	O
degrees	O
,	O
and	O
feature	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
tactical	O
and	O
strategic	O
considerations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
though	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
action	B-Application
games	I-Application
that	O
involve	O
strategic	O
thinking	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
seldom	O
classified	O
as	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
strategy	B-Application
game	I-Application
is	O
typically	O
larger	O
in	O
scope	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
main	O
emphasis	O
is	O
on	O
the	O
player	O
's	O
ability	O
to	O
outthink	O
their	O
opponent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
rarely	O
involve	O
a	O
physical	O
challenge	O
,	O
and	O
tend	O
to	O
annoy	O
strategically	O
minded	O
players	O
when	O
they	O
do	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compared	O
to	O
other	O
genres	O
such	O
as	O
action	O
or	O
adventure	O
games	O
where	O
one	O
player	O
takes	O
on	O
many	O
enemies	O
,	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
usually	O
involve	O
some	O
level	O
of	O
symmetry	O
between	O
sides	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
involve	O
strategic	O
,	O
tactical	O
,	O
and	O
sometimes	O
logistical	O
challenges	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
distinct	O
from	O
puzzle	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
strategy	B-Application
game	I-Application
calls	O
for	O
planning	O
around	O
a	O
conflict	O
between	O
players	O
,	O
whereas	O
puzzle	O
games	O
call	O
for	O
planning	O
in	O
isolation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
are	O
also	O
distinct	O
from	O
construction	B-Application
and	I-Application
management	I-Application
simulations	I-Application
,	O
which	O
include	O
economic	O
challenges	O
without	O
any	O
fighting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
games	O
may	O
incorporate	O
some	O
amount	O
of	O
conflict	O
,	O
but	O
are	O
different	O
from	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
because	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
emphasize	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
direct	O
action	O
upon	O
an	O
opponent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nevertheless	O
,	O
some	O
authors	O
consider	O
construction	B-Application
and	I-Application
management	I-Application
simulation	I-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
in	O
particular	O
city-building	O
games	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
wider	O
strategy	B-Application
game	I-Application
genre	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
are	O
similar	O
to	O
role-playing	O
video	O
games	O
in	O
that	O
the	O
player	O
must	O
manage	O
units	O
with	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
numeric	O
attributes	O
,	O
RPGs	O
tend	O
to	O
be	O
about	O
a	O
smaller	O
number	O
of	O
unique	O
characters	O
,	O
while	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
focus	O
on	O
larger	O
numbers	O
of	O
fairly	O
similar	O
units	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Units	O
can	O
typically	O
move	O
,	O
attack	O
,	O
stop	O
,	O
hold	O
a	O
position	O
,	O
although	O
other	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
offer	O
more	O
complex	O
orders	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
even	O
offer	O
special	O
leader	O
units	O
that	O
provide	O
a	O
bonus	O
to	O
other	O
units	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
in	O
imaginary	O
or	O
fantastic	O
conflicts	O
,	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
try	O
to	O
reproduce	O
important	O
tactical	O
situations	O
throughout	O
history	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
such	O
as	O
Civilization	B-Application
III	I-Application
and	O
Medieval	B-Application
2	I-Application
:	I-Application
Total	I-Application
War	I-Application
involve	O
other	O
forms	O
of	O
conflict	O
such	O
as	O
diplomacy	O
and	O
espionage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
often	O
involve	O
other	O
economic	O
challenges	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
frequently	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
windowed	O
interface	O
to	O
manage	O
these	O
complex	O
challenges	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
allow	O
players	O
to	O
accumulate	O
resources	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
converted	O
to	O
units	O
,	O
or	O
converted	O
to	O
buildings	O
such	O
as	O
factories	O
that	O
produce	O
more	O
units	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
a	O
lesser	O
extent	O
,	O
some	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
give	O
players	O
a	O
fixed	O
quantity	O
of	O
units	O
at	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
often	O
allow	O
the	O
player	O
to	O
spend	O
resources	O
on	O
upgrades	O
or	O
research	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Technology	O
trees	O
are	O
quite	O
large	O
in	O
some	O
games	O
,	O
and	O
4X	B-Application
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
are	O
known	O
for	O
having	O
the	O
largest	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
analogous	O
to	O
chess	B-Application
openings	O
,	O
in	O
that	O
a	O
player	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
specific	O
order	O
of	O
play	O
in	O
mind	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
the	O
build	O
order	O
,	O
the	O
strategy	O
around	O
which	O
the	O
build	O
order	O
is	O
built	O
or	O
even	O
which	O
build	O
order	O
is	O
then	O
used	O
varies	O
on	O
the	O
skill	O
,	O
ability	O
and	O
other	O
factors	O
such	O
as	O
how	O
aggressive	O
or	O
defensive	O
each	O
player	O
is	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
featured	O
a	O
top-down	O
perspective	O
,	O
similar	O
in	O
nature	O
to	O
a	O
board	O
game	O
or	O
paper	O
map	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Very	O
rarely	O
do	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
show	O
the	O
world	O
from	O
the	O
perspective	O
from	O
an	O
avatar	O
on	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Exploration	O
is	O
a	O
key	O
element	O
in	O
most	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Strategy	B-Application
video	I-Application
games	I-Application
are	O
categorized	O
based	O
on	O
whether	O
they	O
offer	O
the	O
continuous	O
gameplay	O
of	O
real-time	O
strategy	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
discrete	O
phases	O
of	O
turn-based	O
strategy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
,	O
turn-based	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
have	O
stronger	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
than	O
real-time	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
since	O
the	O
turn-based	O
pace	O
allows	O
more	O
time	O
for	O
complex	O
calculations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
a	O
real-time	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
makes	O
up	O
for	O
this	O
disadvantage	O
with	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
manage	O
multiple	O
units	O
more	O
quickly	O
than	O
a	O
human	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Overall	O
,	O
real-time	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
are	O
more	O
action-oriented	O
,	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
the	O
abstract	O
planning	O
emphasized	O
in	O
turn-based	O
strategy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
turn-based	O
strategy	O
fans	O
have	O
criticized	O
real-time	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
because	O
most	O
units	O
do	O
not	O
behave	O
appropriately	O
without	O
orders	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
a	O
turn-based	O
pace	O
allows	O
players	O
to	O
input	O
more	O
realistic	O
and	O
detailed	O
plans	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Game	O
theorists	O
have	O
noted	O
that	O
strategic	O
thinking	O
does	O
not	O
lend	O
itself	O
well	O
to	O
real-time	O
action	O
,	O
and	O
turn-based	O
strategy	O
purists	O
have	O
criticized	O
real-time	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
for	O
replacing	O
"	O
true	O
strategy	O
"	O
with	O
gameplay	O
that	O
rewards	O
"	O
rapid	O
mouse-clicking	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Overall	O
,	O
reviewers	O
have	O
been	O
able	O
to	O
recognize	O
the	O
advantages	O
associated	O
with	O
both	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
types	O
of	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
strategy	B-Application
video	I-Application
games	I-Application
involve	O
a	O
mix	O
of	O
both	O
strategy	O
and	O
tactics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
growing	O
subgenre	O
of	O
purely	O
tactical	O
games	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
real-time	B-Application
tactics	I-Application
,	O
and	O
turn-based	B-Application
tactics	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chris	O
Taylor	O
,	O
the	O
designer	O
of	O
Total	B-Application
Annihilation	I-Application
and	O
Supreme	B-Application
Commander	I-Application
,	O
has	O
gone	O
so	O
far	O
as	O
to	O
suggest	O
that	O
real-time	O
strategy	O
titles	O
are	O
more	O
about	O
tactics	O
than	O
strategy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
can	O
take	O
place	O
in	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
settings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Depending	O
on	O
the	O
theatre	O
of	O
warfare	O
,	O
releases	O
may	O
be	O
noted	O
as	O
naval	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
or	O
space	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
also	O
draw	O
on	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
historical	O
periods	O
,	O
including	O
World	O
War	O
II	O
,	O
the	O
medieval	O
era	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
Napoleonic	O
era	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
examples	O
of	O
these	O
are	O
:	O
Hearts	B-Application
of	I-Application
Iron	I-Application
IV	I-Application
,	O
Europa	B-Application
Universalis	I-Application
IV	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Victoria	B-Application
II	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
are	O
even	O
based	O
in	O
an	O
alternate	O
history	O
,	O
by	O
manipulating	O
and	O
rewriting	O
certain	O
historical	O
facts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
common	O
to	O
see	O
games	O
based	O
in	O
science	O
fiction	O
or	O
futuristic	O
settings	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
fantasy	B-Application
settings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
are	O
abstract	O
,	O
and	O
do	O
not	O
try	O
to	O
represent	O
a	O
world	O
with	O
high	O
fidelity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
computerized	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
are	O
representational	O
,	O
with	O
more	O
complex	O
game	O
mechanics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
include	O
single-player	O
gameplay	O
,	O
multiplayer	O
gameplay	O
,	O
or	O
both	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Single	O
player	O
games	O
will	O
sometimes	O
feature	O
a	O
campaign	O
mode	O
,	O
which	O
involves	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
matches	O
against	O
several	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
opponents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hardcore	O
strategy	O
gamers	O
tend	O
to	O
prefer	O
multiplayer	O
competition	O
,	O
where	O
human	O
opponents	O
provide	O
more	O
challenging	O
competition	O
than	O
the	B-Application
artificial	I-Application
intelligence	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
opponents	O
often	O
need	O
hidden	O
information	O
or	O
bonuses	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
challenge	O
to	O
players	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
recently	O
,	O
massively	B-Application
multiplayer	I-Application
online	I-Application
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
have	O
appeared	O
such	O
as	O
Shattered	B-Application
Galaxy	I-Application
from	O
2001	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
these	O
games	O
are	O
relatively	O
difficult	O
to	O
design	O
and	O
implement	O
compared	O
to	O
other	O
massively	B-Application
multiplayer	I-Application
online	I-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
as	O
the	O
numerous	O
player-controlled	O
units	O
create	O
a	O
larger	O
volume	O
of	O
online	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Critics	O
argued	O
that	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
are	O
not	O
conducive	O
to	O
massively	B-Application
multiplayer	I-Application
gameplay	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
single	O
victory	O
cannot	O
have	O
much	O
impact	O
in	O
a	O
large	O
persistent	B-Protocol
world	I-Protocol
,	O
and	O
this	O
makes	O
it	O
hard	O
for	O
a	O
player	O
to	O
care	O
about	O
a	O
small	O
victory	O
,	O
especially	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
fighting	O
for	O
a	O
faction	O
that	O
is	O
losing	O
an	O
overall	O
war	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
more	O
recent	O
developers	O
have	O
tried	O
to	O
learn	O
from	O
past	O
mistakes	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
Dreamlords	B-Application
from	O
2007	O
,	O
and	O
Saga	B-Protocol
from	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2012	O
,	O
Supercell	O
released	O
Clash	B-Application
of	I-Application
Clans	I-Application
,	O
a	O
mobile	B-Application
strategy	B-Application
video	I-Application
game	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
origin	O
of	O
strategy	B-Application
video	I-Application
games	I-Application
is	O
rooted	O
in	O
traditional	O
tabletop	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
like	O
Chess	B-Application
,	O
Checkers	O
and	O
Go	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
board	O
and	O
miniature	O
wargaming	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Application
Sumerian	I-Application
Game	I-Application
,	O
an	O
early	B-Application
mainframe	I-Application
game	I-Application
written	O
by	O
Mabel	O
Addis	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
ancient	O
Sumerian	O
city-state	O
of	O
Lagash	O
,	O
was	O
an	O
economic	B-Application
simulation	I-Application
strategy	B-Application
game	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
console	B-Application
strategy	B-Application
game	I-Application
was	O
a	O
Risk-like	O
game	O
called	O
Invasion	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
1972	O
for	O
the	O
Magnavox	B-Device
Odyssey	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Strategic	O
Simulations	O
(	O
SSI	O
)	O
'	O
s	O
Computer	B-Application
Bismarck	I-Application
,	O
released	O
in	O
1980	O
,	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
historical	O
computer	O
wargame	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Reach	B-Application
for	I-Application
the	I-Application
Stars	I-Application
from	O
1983	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
4X	B-Application
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
which	O
expanded	O
upon	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
economic	O
growth	O
,	O
technological	O
progress	O
,	O
and	O
conquest	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
same	O
year	O
,	O
Nobunaga	B-Application
's	I-Application
Ambition	I-Application
was	O
a	O
conquest-oriented	O
grand	O
strategy	O
wargame	O
with	O
historical	O
simulation	O
elements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1989	O
's	O
Herzog	B-Application
Zwei	I-Application
is	O
often	O
considered	O
the	O
first	O
real-time	O
strategy	B-Application
game	I-Application
,	O
although	O
real-time	O
strategy	O
elements	O
can	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
several	O
earlier	O
games	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Dan	O
Bunten	O
's	O
Cytron	B-Application
Masters	I-Application
and	O
Don	O
Daglow	O
's	O
Utopia	B-Application
in	O
1982	O
;	O
Kōji	O
Sumii	O
's	O
Bokosuka	B-Application
Wars	I-Application
in	O
1983	O
;	O
D	O
.	O
H	O
.	O
Lawson	O
and	O
John	O
Gibson	O
's	O
Stonkers	B-Application
and	O
Steven	O
Faber	O
's	O
Epidemic	B-Application
!	I-Application
</s>
<s>
in	O
1983	O
;	O
and	O
Evryware	O
's	O
The	B-Device
Ancient	I-Device
Art	I-Device
of	I-Device
War	I-Device
in	O
1984	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
genre	O
was	O
popularized	O
by	O
Dune	B-Application
II	I-Application
three	O
years	O
later	O
in	O
1992	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Brett	O
Sperry	O
,	O
the	O
creator	O
of	O
Dune	B-Application
II	I-Application
,	O
coined	O
the	O
name	O
"	O
real-time	O
strategy	O
"	O
to	O
help	O
market	O
the	O
new	O
game	O
genre	O
he	O
helped	O
popularize	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Real-time	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
changed	O
the	O
strategy	O
genre	O
by	O
emphasizing	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
time	O
management	O
,	O
with	O
less	O
time	O
to	O
plan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Real-time	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
eventually	O
began	O
to	O
outsell	O
turn-based	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
more	O
than	O
11	O
million	O
copies	O
sold	O
worldwide	O
by	O
February	O
2009	O
,	O
StarCraft	B-Application
(	O
1998	O
)	O
became	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
best-selling	O
games	O
for	O
the	O
personal	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2002	O
's	O
Warcraft	B-Application
III	I-Application
:	I-Application
Reign	I-Application
of	I-Application
Chaos	I-Application
has	O
been	O
an	O
influence	O
on	O
real-time	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
especially	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
role-playing	O
elements	O
and	O
heroes	O
as	O
units	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
than	O
the	O
game	O
itself	O
,	O
mods	O
created	O
with	O
the	O
World	O
Editor	O
led	O
to	O
lasting	O
changes	O
and	O
inspired	O
many	O
future	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Defense	B-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
the	I-Operating_System
Ancients	I-Operating_System
(	O
DotA	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
a	O
community-created	O
mod	O
based	O
on	O
Warcraft	B-Application
III	I-Application
,	O
is	O
largely	O
attributed	O
as	O
being	O
the	O
most	O
significant	O
inspiration	O
for	O
the	O
multiplayer	O
online	O
battle	O
arena	O
(	O
MOBA	O
)	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
format	O
was	O
tied	O
to	O
the	O
Warcraft	B-Application
property	O
,	O
developers	O
began	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
"	O
DOTA-style	O
"	O
games	O
,	O
including	O
Heroes	B-Application
of	I-Application
Newerth	I-Application
(	O
2009	O
)	O
,	O
League	B-Application
of	I-Application
Legends	I-Application
(	O
2010	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
mod	O
's	O
standalone	O
sequel	O
,	O
Dota	B-Application
2	I-Application
(	O
2013	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Blizzard	O
Entertainment	O
,	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
Warcraft	B-Application
property	O
,	O
developed	O
a	O
game	O
inspired	O
by	O
DotA	B-Operating_System
titled	O
Heroes	B-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Storm	I-Application
(	O
2015	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
features	O
an	O
array	O
of	O
heroes	O
from	O
Blizzard	O
's	O
franchises	O
,	O
including	O
numerous	O
heroes	O
from	O
Warcraft	B-Application
III	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Former	O
game	O
journalist	O
Luke	O
Smith	O
called	O
DotA	B-Operating_System
"	O
the	O
ultimate	O
RTS	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
its	O
first	B-Application
title	I-Application
was	O
released	O
in	O
2000	O
,	O
the	O
Total	O
War	O
series	O
by	O
the	O
Creative	O
Assembly	O
has	O
sold	O
over	O
20	O
million	O
copies	O
,	O
becoming	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
successful	O
series	O
of	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
of	O
all	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
4X	B-Application
games	I-Application
are	O
a	O
genre	O
of	O
strategy	B-Application
video	I-Application
game	I-Application
in	O
which	O
players	O
control	O
an	O
empire	O
and	O
"	O
explore	O
,	O
expand	O
,	O
exploit	O
,	O
and	O
exterminate	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
was	O
first	O
coined	O
by	O
Alan	O
Emrich	O
in	O
his	O
September	O
1993	O
preview	O
of	O
Master	B-Application
of	I-Application
Orion	I-Application
for	O
Computer	O
Gaming	O
World	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
4X	B-Application
games	I-Application
are	O
noted	O
for	O
their	O
deep	O
,	O
complex	O
gameplay	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
4X	B-Application
games	I-Application
also	O
fit	O
into	O
the	O
category	O
of	O
grand	O
strategy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
4X	B-Application
games	I-Application
are	O
sometimes	O
criticized	O
for	O
becoming	O
tedious	O
for	O
these	O
reasons	O
,	O
and	O
several	O
games	O
have	O
attempted	O
to	O
address	O
these	O
concerns	O
by	O
limiting	O
micromanagement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
earliest	O
4X	B-Application
games	I-Application
borrowed	O
ideas	O
from	O
board	O
games	O
and	O
1970s	O
text-based	B-Application
computer	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
4X	B-Application
games	I-Application
were	O
turn-based	O
,	O
but	O
real-time	O
4X	B-Application
games	I-Application
are	O
also	O
not	O
uncommon	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
4X	B-Application
games	I-Application
were	O
published	O
in	O
the	O
mid-1990s	O
,	O
but	O
were	O
later	O
outsold	O
by	O
other	O
types	O
of	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sid	B-Application
Meier	I-Application
's	I-Application
Civilization	I-Application
and	O
the	O
Total	O
War	O
series	O
are	O
important	O
examples	O
from	O
this	O
formative	O
era	O
,	O
and	O
popularized	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
detail	O
that	O
would	O
later	O
become	O
a	O
staple	O
of	O
the	O
genre	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
new	O
2000	O
millennium	O
,	O
several	O
4X	B-Application
releases	O
have	O
become	O
critically	O
and	O
commercially	O
successful	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Artillery	O
games	O
have	O
been	O
typically	O
described	O
as	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
turn-based	B-Application
tactics	I-Application
game	O
,	O
though	O
they	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
described	O
as	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
"	O
shooting	O
game.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
this	O
genre	O
are	O
Pocket	B-Application
Tanks	I-Application
,	O
Hogs	B-Application
of	I-Application
War	I-Application
,	O
Scorched	B-Language
3D	I-Language
and	O
the	O
Worms	B-Application
series	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
precursors	O
to	O
the	O
modern	O
artillery-type	O
games	O
were	O
text-only	B-Application
games	O
that	O
simulated	O
artillery	O
entirely	O
with	O
input	O
data	O
values	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
BASIC	O
game	O
known	O
simply	O
as	O
Artillery	O
was	O
written	O
by	O
Mike	O
Forman	O
and	O
was	O
published	O
in	O
Creative	B-General_Concept
Computing	I-General_Concept
magazine	O
in	O
1976	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
seminal	O
home	O
computer	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
was	O
revised	O
in	O
1977	B-Application
by	O
M	O
.	O
E	O
.	O
Lyon	O
and	O
Brian	O
West	O
and	O
was	O
known	O
as	O
War	O
3	O
;	O
War	O
3	O
was	O
revised	O
further	O
in	O
1979	B-Application
and	O
published	O
as	O
Artillery-3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Auto	O
battler	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
auto	O
chess	B-Application
,	O
is	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
strategy	B-Application
game	I-Application
that	O
features	O
chess-like	O
elements	O
where	O
players	O
place	O
characters	O
on	O
a	O
grid-shaped	O
battlefield	O
during	O
a	O
preparation	O
phase	O
,	O
who	O
then	O
fight	O
the	O
opposing	O
team	O
's	O
characters	O
without	O
any	O
further	O
direct	O
input	O
from	O
the	O
player	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
created	O
and	O
popularized	O
by	O
Dota	B-Operating_System
Auto	I-Operating_System
Chess	I-Operating_System
in	O
early	O
2019	O
,	O
and	O
saw	O
more	O
games	O
in	O
the	O
genre	O
by	O
other	O
studios	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Teamfight	B-Application
Tactics	I-Application
,	O
Dota	B-Application
Underlords	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Hearthstone	B-Application
Battlegrounds	I-Application
releasing	O
soon	O
after	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multiplayer	O
online	O
battle	O
arena	O
(	O
MOBA	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
genre	O
of	O
strategy	B-Application
video	I-Application
games	I-Application
in	O
which	O
each	O
player	O
controls	O
a	O
single	O
character	O
with	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
unique	O
abilities	O
that	O
improve	O
over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
a	O
game	O
and	O
which	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
team	O
's	O
overall	O
strategy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Player	O
characters	O
,	O
typically	O
called	O
"	O
heroes	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
champions	O
"	O
,	O
are	O
assisted	O
by	O
computer-controlled	B-Application
units	O
that	O
periodically	O
spawn	O
in	O
groups	O
and	O
march	O
forward	O
along	O
set	O
paths	O
(	O
called	O
"	O
lanes	O
"	O
)	O
toward	O
their	O
enemy	O
's	O
base	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
genre	O
is	O
seen	O
as	O
a	O
fusion	O
of	O
real-time	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
role-playing	O
games	O
,	O
and	O
action	B-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
however	O
,	O
players	O
usually	O
do	O
not	O
construct	O
either	O
buildings	O
or	O
units	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
type	O
of	O
multiplayer	O
online	O
video	O
games	O
gained	O
popularity	O
in	O
early	O
2010s	O
,	O
with	O
Defense	B-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
the	I-Operating_System
Ancients	I-Operating_System
mod	O
for	O
Warcraft	B-Application
III	I-Application
,	O
League	B-Application
of	I-Application
Legends	I-Application
,	O
Dota	B-Application
2	I-Application
,	O
Heroes	B-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Storm	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Smite	B-Application
being	O
popular	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Usually	O
applied	O
only	O
to	O
certain	O
computer	B-Application
strategy	I-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
the	O
moniker	O
real-time	O
strategy	O
(	O
RTS	O
)	O
indicates	O
that	O
the	O
action	O
in	O
the	O
game	O
is	O
continuous	O
,	O
and	O
players	O
will	O
have	O
to	O
make	O
their	O
decisions	O
and	O
actions	O
within	O
the	O
backdrop	O
of	O
a	O
constantly	O
changing	O
game	O
state	O
,	O
and	O
computer	O
real-time	O
strategy	O
gameplay	O
is	O
characterised	O
by	O
obtaining	O
resources	O
,	O
building	O
bases	O
,	O
researching	O
technologies	O
and	O
producing	O
units	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
players	O
dispute	O
the	O
importance	O
of	O
strategy	O
in	O
real-time	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
as	O
skill	O
and	O
manual	O
dexterity	O
are	O
often	O
seen	O
as	O
the	O
deciding	O
factor	O
in	O
this	O
genre	O
of	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
strategy	O
players	O
claim	O
that	O
many	O
RTS	O
games	O
really	O
should	O
be	O
labeled	O
as	O
"	O
real-time	B-Application
tactical	I-Application
"	O
(	O
RTT	O
)	O
games	O
since	O
the	O
game	O
play	O
revolves	O
entirely	O
around	O
tactics	O
,	O
with	O
little	O
or	O
even	O
no	O
strategy	O
involved	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Massively	B-Application
Multiplayer	I-Application
Online	I-Application
Games	I-Application
(	O
MMOG	B-Application
or	O
MMO	O
)	O
in	O
particular	O
have	O
had	O
a	O
difficult	O
time	O
implementing	O
strategy	O
since	O
having	O
strategy	O
implies	O
some	O
mechanism	O
for	O
"	O
winning	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MMO	B-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
by	O
their	O
nature	O
,	O
are	O
typically	O
designed	O
to	O
be	O
never-ending	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nevertheless	O
,	O
some	O
games	O
are	O
attempting	O
to	O
"	O
crack	O
the	O
code	O
,	O
"	O
so-to-speak	O
,	O
of	O
the	O
true	O
real-time	O
strategy	O
MMOG	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
Herzog	B-Application
Zwei	I-Application
is	O
regarded	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
true	O
RTS	O
game	O
,	O
the	O
defining	O
title	O
for	O
the	O
genre	O
was	O
Westwood	O
Studios	O
's	O
Dune	B-Application
II	I-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
followed	O
by	O
their	O
seminal	O
Command	B-Application
&	I-Application
Conquer	I-Application
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cavedog	O
's	O
Total	B-Application
Annihilation	I-Application
(	O
1997	O
)	O
,	O
Blizzard	O
's	O
Warcraft	B-Application
(	O
1994	O
)	O
series	O
,	O
StarCraft	B-Application
(	O
1998	O
)	O
series	O
,	O
and	O
Ensemble	O
Studios	O
 '	O
Age	B-Application
of	I-Application
Empires	I-Application
(	O
1997	O
)	O
series	O
are	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
RTS	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Massively	B-Application
multiplayer	I-Application
online	I-Application
real-time	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
MMORTS	O
,	O
combine	O
real-time	O
strategy	O
(	O
RTS	O
)	O
with	O
a	O
persistent	B-Protocol
world	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
titles	O
are	O
often	O
based	O
in	O
a	O
sci-fi	O
or	O
fantasy	B-Application
universe	O
and	O
are	O
distinguished	O
from	O
single	O
or	O
small-scale	O
multiplayer	O
RTS	O
games	O
by	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
players	O
and	O
common	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
persistent	B-Protocol
world	I-Protocol
,	O
generally	O
hosted	O
by	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
publisher	O
,	O
which	O
continues	O
to	O
evolve	O
even	O
when	O
the	O
player	O
is	O
offline	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Real-time	B-Application
tactics	I-Application
(	O
abbreviated	O
RTT	O
and	O
less	O
commonly	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
fixed-unit	O
real-time	O
strategy	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
subgenre	O
of	O
tactical	O
wargames	O
played	O
in	O
real-time	O
simulating	O
the	O
considerations	O
and	O
circumstances	O
of	O
operational	O
warfare	O
and	O
military	O
tactics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Example	O
titles	O
include	O
Warhammer	B-Application
:	I-Application
Dark	I-Application
Omen	I-Application
,	O
World	B-Application
In	I-Application
Conflict	I-Application
,	O
the	O
Close	B-Application
Combat	I-Application
series	I-Application
,	O
and	O
early	O
tactical	O
role-playing	O
games	O
such	O
as	O
Bokosuka	B-Application
Wars	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Silver	O
Ghost	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Usually	O
,	O
computer-controlled	B-Application
monsters	O
called	O
creeps	O
move	O
along	O
a	O
set	O
path	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
player	O
must	O
place	O
,	O
or	O
"	O
build	O
"	O
towers	O
along	O
this	O
path	O
to	O
kill	O
the	O
creeps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
good	O
example	O
of	O
a	O
game	O
of	O
this	O
genre	O
is	O
Clash	B-Application
Royale	I-Application
made	O
by	O
Finnish	O
developers	O
Supercell	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
turn-based	O
strategy	O
(	O
TBS	O
)	O
is	O
usually	O
reserved	O
for	O
certain	O
computer	B-Application
strategy	I-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
to	O
distinguish	O
them	O
from	O
real-time	O
computer	B-Application
strategy	I-Application
games	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
this	O
genre	O
are	O
the	O
Civilization	B-Application
,	O
Heroes	B-Application
of	I-Application
Might	I-Application
and	I-Application
Magic	I-Application
,	O
Making	B-Application
History	I-Application
,	O
Advance	B-Application
Wars	I-Application
and	O
Master	B-Application
of	I-Application
Orion	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Turn-based	B-Application
tactics	I-Application
(	O
TBT	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
tactical	B-Application
turn-based	I-Application
(	O
TTB	O
)	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
genre	O
of	O
strategy	B-Application
video	I-Application
games	I-Application
that	O
through	O
stop-action	O
simulates	O
the	O
considerations	O
and	O
circumstances	O
of	O
operational	O
warfare	O
and	O
military	O
tactics	O
in	O
generally	O
small-scale	O
confrontations	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
more	O
strategic	O
considerations	O
of	O
turn-based	O
strategy	O
(	O
TBS	O
)	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Turn-based	B-Application
tactical	I-Application
gameplay	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
the	O
expectation	O
of	O
players	O
to	O
complete	O
their	O
tasks	O
using	O
only	O
the	O
combat	O
forces	O
provided	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
usually	O
by	O
the	O
provision	O
of	O
a	O
realistic	O
(	O
or	O
at	O
least	O
believable	O
)	O
representation	O
of	O
military	O
tactics	O
and	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
this	O
genre	O
include	O
the	O
Wars	O
and	O
X-COM	B-Application
series	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
tactical	O
role-playing	O
games	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Jagged	O
Alliance	O
(	O
series	O
)	O
,	O
Fire	B-Application
Emblem	I-Application
series	I-Application
and	O
Final	B-Application
Fantasy	I-Application
Tactics	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wargames	O
are	O
a	O
subgenre	O
of	O
strategy	B-Application
video	I-Application
games	I-Application
that	O
emphasize	O
strategic	O
or	O
tactical	O
warfare	O
on	O
a	O
map	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
historical	O
(	O
or	O
near-historical	O
)	O
accuracy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
wargames	O
include	O
Koei	O
's	O
Nobunaga	B-Application
's	I-Application
Ambition	I-Application
and	O
Romance	B-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Three	I-Application
Kingdoms	I-Application
series	O
,	O
Longbow	O
's	O
Hegemony	B-Application
series	O
and	O
several	O
titles	O
by	O
Strategic	O
Simulations	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
(	O
SSI	O
)	O
and	O
Strategic	O
Studies	O
Group	O
(	O
SSG	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hybrid	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
can	O
be	O
viewed	O
as	O
distinct	O
from	O
strategy	O
subgenres	O
in	O
the	O
fact	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
so	O
much	O
iterations	O
or	O
combinations	O
of	O
existing	O
subgenres	O
,	O
but	O
instead	O
seek	O
to	O
combine	O
the	O
strategy	O
genre	O
with	O
completely	O
different	O
genres	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Efforts	O
to	O
create	O
such	O
strategy	B-Application
game	I-Application
hybrids	O
were	O
most	O
active	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1990	O
's	O
to	O
early	O
2000	O
's	O
,	O
when	O
first-person	O
shooter	O
(	O
FPS	O
)	O
and	O
real-time	O
strategy	O
(	O
RTS	O
)	O
games	O
were	O
both	O
massively	O
popular	O
.	O
</s>
