<s>
A	O
stored-value	B-Device
card	I-Device
(	O
SVC	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
payment	O
card	O
with	O
a	O
monetary	O
value	O
stored	O
on	O
the	O
card	O
itself	O
,	O
not	O
in	O
an	O
external	O
account	O
maintained	O
by	O
a	O
financial	O
institution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stored-value	B-Device
cards	I-Device
differ	O
from	O
debit	O
cards	O
,	O
where	O
money	O
is	O
on	O
deposit	O
with	O
the	O
issuer	O
,	O
and	O
credit	O
cards	O
which	O
are	O
subject	O
to	O
credit	O
limits	O
set	O
by	O
the	O
issuer	O
and	O
are	O
connected	O
to	O
accounts	O
at	O
financial	O
institutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
difference	O
between	O
stored-value	B-Device
cards	I-Device
and	O
debit	O
and	O
credit	O
cards	O
is	O
that	O
debit	O
and	O
credit	O
cards	O
are	O
usually	O
issued	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
individual	O
account	O
holders	O
,	O
while	O
stored-value	B-Device
cards	I-Device
may	O
be	O
anonymous	O
,	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
gift	O
cards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stored-value	B-Device
cards	I-Device
are	O
prepaid	O
money	O
cards	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
disposed	O
when	O
the	O
value	O
is	O
used	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
card	O
value	O
may	O
be	O
topped	O
up	O
,	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
telephone	O
calling	O
cards	O
or	O
when	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
fare	B-Device
card	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
payment	O
cards	O
,	O
value	O
can	O
be	O
accessed	O
using	O
a	O
magnetic	O
stripe	O
,	O
chip	O
or	O
radio-frequency	B-Application
identification	I-Application
(	O
RFID	B-Application
)	O
embedded	O
in	O
the	O
card	O
;	O
or	O
by	O
entering	O
a	O
code	O
number	O
,	O
printed	O
on	O
the	O
card	O
,	O
into	O
a	O
telephone	O
or	O
other	O
numeric	B-Device
keypad	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
no	O
common	O
name	O
for	O
stored-value	B-Device
cards	I-Device
,	O
which	O
are	O
country	O
or	O
company	O
specific	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Names	O
for	O
stored-value	B-Device
cards	I-Device
include	O
in	O
US	O
,	O
Mondex	O
in	O
Canada	O
,	O
Chipknip	O
in	O
the	O
Netherlands	O
,	O
Geldkarte	O
in	O
Germany	O
,	O
Quick	O
in	O
Austria	O
,	O
Moneo	O
in	O
France	O
,	O
Proton	O
in	O
Belgium	O
,	O
Carta	O
prepagata	O
(	O
"	O
Prepaid	O
card	O
"	O
)	O
in	O
Italy	O
,	O
FeliCa-cards	O
such	O
as	O
Suica	O
in	O
Japan	O
,	O
China	O
T-Union	O
in	O
mainland	O
China	O
,	O
EZ-Link	O
and	O
NETS	O
(	O
CashCard	O
and	O
FlashPay	O
)	O
in	O
Singapore	O
,	O
Papara	O
Card	O
in	O
Turkey	O
,	O
Octopus	O
card	O
in	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
,	O
SUBE	O
card	O
in	O
Argentina	O
,	O
T-Cash	O
in	O
the	O
Philippines	O
and	O
Touch	O
'	O
n	O
Go	O
and	O
MyRapid	O
Card	O
in	O
Malaysia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
U.S.	O
Department	O
of	O
the	O
Treasury	O
manages	O
three	O
stored-value	B-Device
card	I-Device
programs	O
:	O
EZpay	O
,	O
EagleCash	O
,	O
and	O
Navy	O
Cash	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Non-government	O
stored-value	B-Device
cards	I-Device
include	O
Aramark	O
GuestExpress	O
,	O
Compass	O
Zipthru	O
,	O
and	O
Freedompay	O
FreetoGo	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stored-value	B-Device
cards	I-Device
are	O
most	O
commonly	O
used	O
for	O
low-value	O
transactions	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
transit	O
system	O
farecards	O
,	O
telephone	O
prepaid	O
calling	O
cards	O
,	O
cafeterias	O
,	O
or	O
for	O
micropayments	O
in	O
shops	O
or	O
vending	O
machines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stored-value	B-Device
cards	I-Device
can	O
save	O
organizations	O
a	O
considerable	O
amount	O
of	O
money	O
if	O
customers	O
add	O
a	O
large	O
sum	O
of	O
funds	O
at	O
one	O
time	O
to	O
the	O
card	O
and	O
then	O
pay	O
a	O
lower	O
transaction	O
fee	O
for	O
each	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
card	O
on	O
smaller	O
purchases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Closed	O
system	O
prepaid	B-Device
cards	I-Device
are	O
cards	O
issued	O
by	O
a	O
merchant	O
and	O
may	O
only	O
be	O
redeemed	O
for	O
purchases	O
from	O
the	O
merchant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Closed	O
system	O
prepaid	B-Device
cards	I-Device
are	O
not	O
subject	O
to	O
the	O
USA	O
PATRIOT	O
Act	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
generally	O
cannot	O
identify	O
a	O
customer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
emergence	O
of	O
closed	O
system	O
prepaid	B-Device
cards	I-Device
has	O
blurred	O
the	O
applicability	O
of	O
APL	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Semi-closed	O
system	O
prepaid	B-Device
cards	I-Device
are	O
similar	O
to	O
closed	O
system	O
prepaid	B-Device
cards	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
these	O
limits	O
generally	O
do	O
not	O
apply	O
to	O
money	O
leaving	O
a	O
country	O
in	O
non-cash	O
forms	O
such	O
as	O
on	O
stored-value	B-Device
cards	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
concern	O
that	O
stored-value	B-Device
cards	I-Device
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
money	O
laundering	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
moving	O
offshore	O
funds	O
derived	O
from	O
criminal	O
activities	O
such	O
as	O
drug	O
trafficking	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Financial	O
Crimes	O
Enforcement	O
Network	O
of	O
the	O
U.S.	O
Department	O
of	O
the	O
Treasury	O
has	O
published	O
a	O
notice	O
of	O
proposed	O
rulemaking	O
on	O
stored-value	B-Device
cards	I-Device
in	O
the	O
June	O
28	O
,	O
2010	O
edition	O
of	O
the	O
Federal	O
Register	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
proposed	O
rules	O
would	O
require	O
sellers	O
of	O
prepaid	B-Device
cards	I-Device
to	O
register	O
with	O
the	O
government	O
and	O
keep	O
records	O
on	O
transactions	O
and	O
customers	O
.	O
</s>
