<s>
The	O
Stone	B-Operating_System
Soupercomputer	I-Operating_System
was	O
a	O
Beowulf-style	B-Operating_System
computer	I-Operating_System
cluster	I-Operating_System
built	O
at	O
the	O
US	O
Oak	O
Ridge	O
National	O
Laboratory	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
group	O
of	O
lab	O
employees	O
including	O
William	O
W	O
.	O
Hargrove	O
and	O
Forrest	O
M	O
.	O
Hoffman	O
applied	O
for	O
a	O
grant	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
cluster	B-Architecture
in	O
1996	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
rejected	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Software	O
was	O
patterned	O
after	O
the	O
Beowulf	B-Operating_System
project	O
pioneered	O
by	O
NASA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
decided	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
cluster	B-Architecture
anyway	O
,	O
using	O
desktop	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
that	O
had	O
been	O
discarded	O
as	O
being	O
too	O
slow	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
developers	O
used	O
freely	O
available	O
and	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
software	I-Application
such	O
as	O
Linux	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
the	O
Parallel	B-Operating_System
Virtual	I-Operating_System
Machine	I-Operating_System
toolkit	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Message	B-Application
Passing	I-Application
Interface	I-Application
library	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
early	O
1997	O
the	O
first	O
applications	O
were	O
running	O
on	O
the	O
cluster	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
included	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
80486	I-General_Concept
and	O
Pentium-based	O
machines	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
few	O
DEC	B-Device
Alpha	I-Device
workstations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
cluster	B-Architecture
was	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
an	O
article	O
in	O
Scientific	O
American	O
magazine	O
in	O
2001	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
stone	O
cluster	B-Architecture
was	O
no	O
longer	O
in	O
use	O
by	O
August	O
2003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
approach	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
model	O
for	O
other	O
educational	O
cluster	B-Architecture
projects	O
.	O
</s>
