<s>
In	O
computing	O
,	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
is	O
a	O
user	O
ownership	O
access	O
right	O
flag	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
assigned	O
to	O
files	B-Operating_System
and	O
directories	B-Application
on	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
two	O
definitions	O
:	O
one	O
for	O
files	B-Operating_System
,	O
one	O
for	O
directories	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
files	B-Operating_System
,	O
particularly	O
executables	O
,	O
superuser	B-Application
could	O
tag	O
these	O
as	O
to	O
be	O
retained	O
in	O
main	O
memory	O
,	O
even	O
when	O
their	O
need	O
ends	O
,	O
to	O
minimize	O
swapping	O
that	O
would	O
occur	O
when	O
another	O
need	O
arises	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
file	O
now	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
reloaded	O
from	O
relatively	O
slow	O
secondary	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
directories	B-Application
,	O
when	O
a	O
directory	B-Application
's	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
is	O
set	O
,	O
the	O
filesystem	O
treats	O
the	O
files	B-Operating_System
in	O
such	O
directories	B-Application
in	O
a	O
special	O
way	O
so	O
only	O
the	O
file	O
's	O
owner	O
,	O
the	O
directory	B-Application
's	O
owner	O
,	O
or	O
root	B-Application
user	I-Application
can	O
rename	O
or	O
delete	O
the	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Without	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
set	O
,	O
any	O
user	O
with	O
write	O
and	O
execute	O
permissions	O
for	O
the	O
directory	B-Application
can	O
rename	O
or	O
delete	O
contained	O
files	B-Operating_System
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
the	O
file	O
's	O
owner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
this	O
is	O
set	O
on	O
the	O
/tmp	O
directory	B-Application
to	O
prevent	O
ordinary	O
users	O
from	O
deleting	O
or	O
moving	O
other	O
users	O
 '	O
files	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
modern	O
function	O
of	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
refers	O
to	O
directories	B-Application
,	O
and	O
protects	O
directories	B-Application
and	O
their	O
content	O
from	O
being	O
hijacked	O
by	O
non-owners	O
;	O
this	O
is	O
found	O
in	O
most	O
modern	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Files	B-Operating_System
in	O
a	O
shared	O
directory	B-Application
such	O
as	O
/tmp	O
belong	O
to	O
individual	O
owners	O
,	O
and	O
non-owners	O
may	O
not	O
delete	O
,	O
overwrite	O
or	O
rename	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
the	O
Fifth	O
Edition	O
of	O
Unix	B-Operating_System
(	O
in	O
1974	O
)	O
for	O
use	O
with	O
pure	O
executable	O
files	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
set	O
,	O
it	O
instructed	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
to	O
retain	O
the	O
text	B-General_Concept
segment	I-General_Concept
of	O
the	O
program	O
in	O
swap	B-Architecture
space	I-Architecture
after	O
the	O
process	B-Operating_System
exited	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
speeds	O
up	O
subsequent	O
executions	O
by	O
allowing	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
to	O
make	O
a	O
single	O
operation	O
of	O
moving	O
the	O
program	O
from	O
swap	O
to	O
real	O
memory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
notable	O
problem	O
with	O
"	O
stickied	O
"	O
programs	O
was	O
replacing	O
the	O
executable	O
(	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
during	O
patching	O
)	O
;	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
required	O
removing	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
from	O
the	O
executable	O
,	O
executing	O
the	O
program	O
and	O
exiting	O
to	O
flush	O
the	O
cache	O
,	O
replacing	O
the	O
binary	O
executable	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
restoring	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Subsequently	O
this	O
behavior	O
became	O
operative	O
only	O
in	O
HP-UX	B-Application
and	O
UnixWare	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Solaris	B-Application
appears	O
to	O
have	O
abandoned	O
this	O
in	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
4.4-Lite	O
release	O
of	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
retained	O
the	O
old	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
behavior	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
subsequently	O
dropped	O
from	O
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
(	O
as	O
of	O
release	O
3.7	O
)	O
and	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
(	O
as	O
of	O
release	O
2.2.1	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
No	O
version	O
of	O
Linux	B-Application
has	O
ever	O
supported	O
this	O
traditional	O
behavior	O
;	O
Linux	B-Application
performs	O
caching	O
of	O
executable	O
files	B-Operating_System
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
as	O
all	O
files	B-Operating_System
,	O
so	O
re-executing	O
the	O
program	O
to	O
flush	O
the	O
cache	O
is	O
not	O
necessary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
common	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
is	O
on	O
directories	B-Application
residing	O
within	O
filesystems	O
for	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
a	O
directory	B-Application
's	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
is	O
set	O
,	O
the	O
filesystem	O
treats	O
the	O
files	B-Operating_System
in	O
such	O
directories	B-Application
in	O
a	O
special	O
way	O
so	O
only	O
the	O
file	O
's	O
owner	O
,	O
the	O
directory	B-Application
's	O
owner	O
,	O
or	O
root	B-Application
can	O
rename	O
or	O
delete	O
the	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Without	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
set	O
,	O
any	O
user	O
with	O
write	O
and	O
execute	O
permissions	O
for	O
the	O
directory	B-Application
can	O
rename	O
or	O
delete	O
contained	O
files	B-Operating_System
,	O
regardless	O
of	O
the	O
file	O
's	O
owner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
set	O
on	O
the	O
/tmp	O
directory	B-Application
to	O
prevent	O
ordinary	O
users	O
from	O
deleting	O
or	O
moving	O
other	O
users	O
 '	O
files	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
feature	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
4.3BSD	O
in	O
1986	O
,	O
and	O
today	O
it	O
is	O
found	O
in	O
most	O
modern	O
Unix-like	B-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
Solaris	B-Application
(	O
as	O
of	O
Solaris	B-Application
2.5	I-Application
)	O
defines	O
special	O
behavior	O
when	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
is	O
set	O
on	O
non-executable	O
files	B-Operating_System
:	O
those	O
files	B-Operating_System
,	O
when	O
accessed	O
,	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
cached	B-General_Concept
by	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
usually	O
set	O
on	O
swap	O
files	B-Operating_System
to	O
prevent	O
access	O
on	O
the	O
file	O
from	O
flushing	O
more	O
important	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
system	O
cache	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
is	O
also	O
set	O
by	O
the	O
automounter	B-Protocol
to	O
indicate	O
that	O
a	O
file	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
mounted	O
yet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
programs	O
like	O
ls	O
to	O
ignore	O
unmounted	O
remote	O
files	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
Excerpts	O
from	O
man	B-Protocol
pages	I-Protocol
about	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
's	O
effect	O
on	O
directories	B-Application
and	O
files	B-Operating_System
Operating	B-General_Concept
System	I-General_Concept
DirectoriesFiles	O
AIX	O
5.2	O
indicates	O
that	O
only	O
file	O
owners	O
can	O
link	O
or	O
unlink	O
files	B-Operating_System
in	O
the	O
specified	O
directory	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Solaris	B-Application
11	I-Application
If	O
a	O
directory	B-Application
is	O
writable	O
and	O
has	O
S_ISVTX	O
(	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
)	O
set	O
,	O
files	B-Operating_System
within	O
that	O
directory	B-Application
can	O
be	O
removed	O
or	O
renamed	O
only	O
if	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
is	O
true	O
(	O
see	O
unlink(2 )	O
and	O
rename(2 )	O
)	O
:	O
the	O
user	O
owns	O
the	O
file	O
,	O
the	O
user	O
owns	O
the	O
directory	B-Application
,	O
the	O
file	O
is	O
writable	O
by	O
the	O
user	O
,	O
the	O
user	O
is	O
a	O
privileged	O
user.If	O
a	O
regular	O
file	O
is	O
not	O
executable	O
and	O
has	O
S_ISVTX	O
set	O
,	O
the	O
file	O
is	O
assumed	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
swap	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
case	O
,	O
the	O
system	O
's	O
page	B-General_Concept
cache	I-General_Concept
will	O
not	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
hold	O
the	O
file	O
's	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
 [ ... ] 	O
set	O
on	O
any	O
other	O
file	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
are	O
unspecified	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HP-UX	B-Application
If	O
 [ ... ] 	O
set	O
on	O
a	O
directory	B-Application
,	O
an	O
unprivileged	O
user	O
cannot	O
delete	O
or	O
rename	O
others	O
 '	O
files	B-Operating_System
in	O
that	O
directory.[...]	O
</s>
<s>
Linux	B-Application
When	O
 [ ... ] 	O
set	O
on	O
a	O
directory	B-Application
,	O
files	B-Operating_System
in	O
that	O
directory	B-Application
may	O
only	O
be	O
unlinked	O
or	O
renamed	O
by	O
root	B-Application
or	O
the	O
directory	B-Application
owner	O
or	O
the	O
file	O
owner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
fs.protected_fifos	O
,	O
fs.protected_regular	O
,	O
and	O
fs.protected_symlinks	O
sysctls	O
further	O
restrict	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
FIFOs	O
,	O
creation	O
of	O
regular	O
files	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
the	O
following	O
of	O
symlinks	O
respectively	O
within	O
directories	B-Application
with	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
set.the	O
Linux	B-Application
kernel	B-Operating_System
ignores	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
on	O
files	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
If	O
 [ ... ] 	O
set	O
on	O
a	O
directory	B-Application
,	O
an	O
unprivileged	O
user	O
may	O
not	O
delete	O
or	O
rename	O
files	B-Operating_System
of	O
other	O
users	O
in	O
that	O
directory.The	O
FreeBSD	B-Operating_System
VM	O
system	O
totally	O
ignores	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
(	O
S_ISVTX	O
)	O
for	O
executables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IRIX	O
If	O
 [ ... ] 	O
set	O
on	O
a	O
directory	B-Application
,	O
then	O
any	O
files	B-Operating_System
created	O
in	O
that	O
directory	B-Application
will	O
take	O
on	O
the	O
group	O
ID	O
of	O
the	O
directory	B-Application
rather	O
than	O
the	O
group	O
ID	O
of	O
the	O
calling	O
process	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
mount(1M )	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
enable	O
this	O
feature	O
regardless	O
of	O
the	O
mode	O
of	O
the	O
directory.If	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
,	O
S_ISVTX	O
,	O
is	O
set	O
on	O
a	O
file	O
that	O
is	O
a	O
dynamic	O
loader	O
for	O
an	O
ELF	O
executable	O
,	O
then	O
when	O
the	O
executable	O
is	O
exec'ed	O
the	O
old	O
process	B-Operating_System
's	O
read	O
only	O
address	O
spaces	O
will	O
be	O
made	O
available	O
to	O
the	O
dynamic	O
loader	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
process	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
setting	O
of	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
on	O
any	O
other	O
file	O
has	O
no	O
effect	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mac	O
OS	O
X	O
(	O
Leopard	O
)	O
A	O
directory	B-Application
whose	O
'	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
 '	O
is	O
set	O
becomes	O
an	O
append-only	O
directory	B-Application
 [ ... ] 	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
deletion	O
of	O
files	B-Operating_System
is	O
restricted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
file	O
in	O
a	O
sticky	O
directory	B-Application
may	O
only	O
be	O
removed	O
or	O
renamed	O
by	O
a	O
user	O
if	O
the	O
user	O
has	O
write	O
permission	O
for	O
the	O
directory	B-Application
and	O
the	O
user	O
is	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
the	O
file	O
,	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
the	O
directory	B-Application
,	O
or	O
the	O
super-user	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
feature	O
is	O
usefully	O
applied	O
to	O
directories	B-Application
such	O
as	O
/tmp	O
which	O
must	O
be	O
publicly	O
writable	O
but	O
should	O
deny	O
users	O
the	O
license	O
to	O
arbitrarily	O
delete	O
or	O
rename	O
each	O
other	O
's	O
files	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Any	O
user	O
may	O
create	O
a	O
sticky	O
directory.The	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
has	O
no	O
effect	O
on	O
executable	O
files	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
optimisation	O
on	O
whether	O
text	O
images	O
remain	O
resident	O
in	O
memory	O
is	O
handled	O
by	O
the	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
's	O
virtual	B-Architecture
memory	I-Architecture
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NetBSD	O
A	O
directory	B-Application
whose	O
"	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
"	O
is	O
set	O
becomes	O
a	O
directory	B-Application
in	O
which	O
the	O
deletion	O
of	O
files	B-Operating_System
is	O
restricted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
file	O
in	O
a	O
sticky	O
directory	B-Application
may	O
only	O
be	O
removed	O
or	O
renamed	O
by	O
a	O
user	O
if	O
the	O
user	O
has	O
write	O
permission	O
for	O
the	O
directory	B-Application
and	O
the	O
user	O
is	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
the	O
file	O
,	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
the	O
directory	B-Application
,	O
or	O
the	O
super-user	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
feature	O
is	O
usefully	O
applied	O
to	O
directories	B-Application
such	O
as	O
/tmp	O
which	O
must	O
be	O
publicly	O
writable	O
but	O
should	O
deny	O
users	O
the	O
license	O
to	O
arbitrarily	O
delete	O
or	O
rename	O
each	O
other	O
's	O
files.NetBSD	O
does	O
not	O
currently	O
treat	O
regular	O
files	B-Operating_System
that	O
have	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
set	O
specially	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
behavior	O
might	O
change	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenBSD	B-Operating_System
A	O
directory	B-Application
with	O
the	O
"	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
"	O
set	O
places	O
restrictions	O
on	O
file	O
deletion	O
:	O
a	O
file	O
in	O
a	O
sticky	O
directory	B-Application
may	O
only	O
be	O
removed	O
or	O
renamed	O
by	O
a	O
user	O
if	O
the	O
user	O
has	O
write	O
permission	O
for	O
the	O
directory	B-Application
and	O
the	O
user	O
is	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
the	O
file	O
,	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
the	O
directory	B-Application
,	O
or	O
the	O
superuser	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
feature	O
is	O
usefully	O
applied	O
to	O
directories	B-Application
such	O
as	O
/tmp	O
which	O
must	O
be	O
publicly	O
writable	O
but	O
should	O
deny	O
users	O
the	O
license	O
to	O
arbitrarily	O
delete	O
or	O
rename	O
each	O
other	O
's	O
files	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Any	O
user	O
may	O
create	O
a	O
sticky	O
directory	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
See	O
chmod(1 )	O
for	O
details	O
about	O
modifying	O
file	O
modes.Historically	O
,	O
an	O
executable	O
shareable	O
file	O
which	O
had	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
set	O
was	O
not	O
immediately	O
discarded	O
from	O
swap	B-Architecture
space	I-Architecture
after	O
execution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
kernel	B-Operating_System
hoarded	O
the	O
text	B-General_Concept
segment	I-General_Concept
of	O
the	O
file	O
for	O
future	O
reuse	O
,	O
thus	O
avoiding	O
having	O
to	O
reload	O
the	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
true	O
on	O
modern	O
systems	O
;	O
the	O
current	O
virtual	B-Architecture
memory	I-Architecture
system	O
keeps	O
track	O
of	O
recently	O
used	O
executables	O
,	O
making	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
for	O
files	B-Operating_System
redundant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
can	O
still	O
be	O
set	O
on	O
files	B-Operating_System
,	O
but	O
without	O
any	O
effect	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Only	O
the	O
superuser	B-Application
can	O
set	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
on	O
a	O
file	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
owner	O
of	O
the	O
file	O
may	O
clear	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
SCO	B-Operating_System
UnixWare	I-Operating_System
If	O
a	O
directory	B-Application
is	O
writable	O
and	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
,	O
S_ISVTX	O
,	O
is	O
set	O
on	O
the	O
directory	B-Application
,	O
a	O
process	B-Operating_System
may	O
remove	O
or	O
rename	O
files	B-Operating_System
within	O
that	O
directory	B-Application
only	O
if	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
is	O
true	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
the	O
process	B-Operating_System
has	O
the	O
P_OWNER	O
privilegeIf	O
a	O
0410	O
a.out	O
executable	O
file	O
has	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
(	O
mode	O
bit	O
01000	O
)	O
set	O
,	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
will	O
not	O
delete	O
the	O
program	O
text	O
from	O
the	O
swap	O
area	O
when	O
the	O
last	O
user	O
process	B-Operating_System
terminates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
a	O
0413	O
a.out	O
or	O
ELF	O
executable	O
file	O
has	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
set	O
,	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
will	O
not	O
delete	O
the	O
program	O
text	O
from	O
memory	O
when	O
the	O
last	O
user	O
process	B-Operating_System
terminates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
either	O
case	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
is	O
set	O
the	O
text	O
will	O
already	O
be	O
available	O
(	O
either	O
in	O
a	O
swap	O
area	O
or	O
in	O
memory	O
)	O
when	O
the	O
next	O
user	O
of	O
the	O
file	O
executes	O
it	O
,	O
thus	O
making	O
execution	O
faster	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
can	O
be	O
set	O
using	O
the	O
chmod	B-Application
command	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
set	O
using	O
its	O
octal	O
mode	O
1000	O
or	O
by	O
its	O
symbol	O
t	O
(	O
s	O
is	O
already	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
setuid	O
bit	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
to	O
add	O
the	O
bit	O
on	O
the	O
directory	B-Application
/usr/local/tmp	O
,	O
one	O
would	O
type	O
chmod	B-Application
+t	O
/usr/local/tmp	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Or	O
,	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
that	O
directory	B-Application
has	O
standard	O
tmp	O
permissions	O
,	O
one	O
could	O
also	O
type	O
chmod	B-Application
1777	O
/usr/local/tmp	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
clear	O
it	O
,	O
use	O
chmod	B-Application
-t	O
/usr/local/tmp	O
or	O
chmod	B-Application
0777	O
/usr/local/tmp	O
(	O
the	O
latter	O
will	O
also	O
reset	O
the	O
tmp	O
directory	B-Application
to	O
standard	O
permissions	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Unix	B-Operating_System
symbolic	O
file	O
system	O
permission	O
notation	O
,	O
the	O
sticky	B-Application
bit	I-Application
is	O
represented	O
either	O
by	O
the	O
letter	O
t	O
or	O
T	O
in	O
the	O
final	O
character-place	O
depending	O
on	O
whether	O
the	O
execution	O
bit	O
for	O
the	O
others	O
category	O
is	O
set	O
or	O
unset	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
instance	O
,	O
on	O
Solaris	B-Application
8	I-Application
,	O
the	O
/tmp	O
directory	B-Application
,	O
which	O
by	O
default	O
has	O
both	O
the	O
others	O
execute	O
bit	O
and	O
the	O
sticky-bit	O
set	O
,	O
shows	O
up	O
as	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
sticky-bit	O
is	O
set	O
on	O
a	O
file	O
or	O
directory	B-Application
without	O
the	O
execution	O
bit	O
set	O
for	O
the	O
others	O
category	O
(	O
non-user-owner	O
and	O
non-group-owner	O
)	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
indicated	O
with	O
a	O
capital	O
T	O
(	O
replacing	O
what	O
would	O
otherwise	O
be	O
-	O
)	O
:	O
</s>
