<s>
SteamOS	B-Application
is	O
a	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
developed	O
by	O
Valve	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
incorporates	O
Valve	O
's	O
popular	O
namesake	O
Steam	B-Application
video	O
game	O
storefront	O
and	O
is	O
the	O
primary	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
for	O
Steam	B-Device
Machines	I-Device
and	O
the	O
Steam	B-Device
Deck	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
SteamOS	B-Application
is	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
with	O
some	O
closed	B-Application
source	I-Application
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SteamOS	B-Application
was	O
originally	O
built	O
to	O
support	O
streaming	O
of	O
video	O
games	O
from	O
one	O
personal	B-Device
computer	I-Device
to	O
the	O
one	O
running	O
SteamOS	B-Application
within	O
the	O
same	O
network	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
can	O
support	O
standalone	O
systems	O
and	O
was	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
Valve	O
's	O
Steam	B-Device
Machine	I-Device
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SteamOS	B-Application
versions	O
1.0	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
December	O
2013	O
,	O
and	O
2.0	O
were	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Debian	O
distribution	O
of	O
Linux	B-Application
with	O
GNOME	B-Application
desktop	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
SteamOS	B-Application
,	O
Valve	O
encouraged	O
developers	O
to	O
incorporate	O
Linux	B-Application
compatibility	O
into	O
their	O
releases	O
to	O
better	O
support	O
Linux	B-Application
gaming	I-Application
options	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2022	O
,	O
Valve	O
released	O
the	O
handheld	B-Operating_System
gaming	B-Device
computer	I-Device
Steam	B-Device
Deck	I-Device
running	O
SteamOS	B-Application
3.0	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
SteamOS	B-Application
3	I-Application
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Arch	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	I-Application
with	O
KDE	B-Language
Plasma	I-Language
5	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
SteamOS	B-Application
is	O
designed	O
primarily	O
for	O
playing	O
video	O
games	O
away	O
from	O
a	O
PC	B-Device
(	O
such	O
as	O
from	O
the	O
couch	O
in	O
one	O
's	O
living	O
room	O
)	O
by	O
providing	O
a	O
console-like	O
experience	O
using	O
generic	O
PC	B-Device
hardware	O
that	O
can	O
connect	O
directly	O
to	O
a	O
television	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
run	O
games	O
natively	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
for	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
purchased	O
from	O
the	O
Steam	B-Application
store	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
are	O
also	O
able	O
to	O
stream	O
games	O
from	O
their	O
Windows	O
,	O
Mac	O
or	O
Linux	B-Application
computers	O
to	O
one	O
running	O
SteamOS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
it	O
incorporates	O
the	O
same	O
family	O
sharing	O
and	O
restrictions	O
as	O
Steam	B-Application
on	O
the	O
desktop	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Valve	O
claims	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
"	O
achieved	O
significant	O
performance	O
increases	O
in	O
graphics	O
processing	O
"	O
through	O
SteamOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
is	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
,	O
allowing	O
users	O
to	O
build	O
on	O
or	O
adapt	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
actual	O
Steam	B-Application
client	I-Application
is	O
closed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
SteamOS	B-Application
is	O
solely	O
for	O
playing	O
games	O
without	O
a	O
mouse	O
or	O
keyboard	O
,	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
many	O
built-in	O
functions	O
beyond	O
web	O
browsing	O
and	O
playing	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
can	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
access	O
the	O
KDE	B-Language
Plasma	I-Language
5	I-Language
desktop	O
environment	O
and	O
perform	O
tasks	O
such	O
as	O
installing	O
other	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
the	O
OS	O
does	O
not	O
currently	O
support	O
streaming	O
services	O
,	O
Valve	O
historically	O
considered	O
integration	O
with	O
Spotify	B-Application
and	O
Netflix	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
Steam	B-Application
does	O
have	O
full-length	O
films	O
from	O
indie	O
movie	O
makers	O
available	O
from	O
their	O
store	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OS	O
natively	O
supports	O
Nvidia	B-Architecture
,	O
Intel	B-Device
,	O
and	O
AMD	B-Architecture
graphics	O
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Valve	O
stated	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
movies	O
,	O
television	O
,	O
and	O
music	O
to	O
SteamOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
video	O
content	O
is	O
only	O
available	O
from	O
Steam	B-Application
's	O
store	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
a	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
films	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
current	O
system	O
hardware	O
requirements	O
for	O
default	O
SteamOS	B-Application
installations	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
method	O
allows	O
for	O
smaller	O
hard-disk	B-Device
sizes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
a	O
panel	O
at	O
LinuxCon	O
on	O
September	O
16	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
Valve	O
co-founder	O
and	O
executive	O
director	O
Gabe	O
Newell	O
stated	O
that	O
he	O
believed	O
"	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
are	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
gaming	O
"	O
,	O
going	O
on	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
was	O
aiding	O
game	O
developers	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
make	O
games	O
compatible	O
with	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
be	O
making	O
an	O
announcement	O
the	O
following	O
week	O
related	O
to	O
introducing	O
Linux	B-Application
into	O
the	O
living	O
room	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
20	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
Valve	O
posted	O
a	O
statement	O
on	O
its	O
website	O
titled	O
The	O
Steam	B-Application
Universe	O
is	O
Expanding	O
in	O
2014	O
which	O
teased	O
three	O
new	O
announcements	O
related	O
to	O
"	O
even	O
more	O
ways	O
to	O
connect	O
the	O
dots	O
for	O
customers	O
who	O
want	O
Steam	B-Application
in	O
the	O
living-room	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
announcement	O
was	O
made	O
on	O
September	O
23	O
as	O
SteamOS	B-Application
,	O
with	O
Valve	O
saying	O
they	O
had	O
"	O
come	O
to	O
the	O
conclusion	O
that	O
the	O
environment	O
best	O
suited	O
to	O
delivering	O
value	O
to	O
customers	O
is	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
built	O
around	O
Steam	B-Application
itself	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
large	O
focus	O
of	O
the	O
reveal	O
was	O
the	O
openness	O
of	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
with	O
it	O
being	O
announced	O
that	O
users	O
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
alter	O
or	O
replace	O
any	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
software	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
free	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2013	O
,	O
Valve	O
announced	O
Steam	B-Application
Dev	O
Days	O
;	O
a	O
two-day	O
developer	O
conference	O
where	O
video	O
game	O
developers	O
could	O
test	O
and	O
provide	O
feedback	O
on	O
SteamOS	B-Application
and	O
Steam	B-Device
Machines	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2013	O
,	O
Nvidia	B-Architecture
also	O
announced	O
their	O
collaboration	O
with	O
Valve	O
to	O
support	O
SteamOS	B-Application
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
a	O
development	O
suite	O
called	O
Nvidia	B-Application
GameWorks	I-Application
which	O
incorporates	O
PhysX	B-Operating_System
,	O
OptiX	B-Algorithm
,	O
VisualFX	O
and	O
other	O
Nvidia-proprietary	O
APIs	B-Application
and	O
implementations	O
thereof	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2013	O
,	O
Valve	O
confirmed	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
not	O
be	O
making	O
any	O
exclusive	O
games	O
for	O
SteamOS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
discouraged	O
other	O
developers	O
from	O
doing	O
so	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
goes	O
against	O
their	O
philosophy	O
of	O
selling	O
games	O
wherever	O
customers	O
are	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
,	O
Valve	O
announced	O
that	O
a	O
beta	O
version	O
of	O
SteamOS	B-Application
would	O
be	O
released	O
on	O
December	O
13	O
,	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
this	O
beta	O
version	O
released	O
,	O
Valve	O
encouraged	O
customers	O
unfamiliar	O
with	O
Linux	B-Application
to	O
wait	O
until	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
mid-October	O
2015	O
,	O
preorders	O
of	O
the	O
Steam	B-Device
Controller	I-Device
,	O
Steam	B-Application
Link	O
,	O
and	O
Alienware	O
branded	O
Steam	B-Device
Machines	I-Device
became	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
official	O
release	O
date	O
for	O
Steam	B-Device
Machines	I-Device
was	O
on	O
November	O
10	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
July	O
15	O
,	O
2021	O
,	O
Valve	O
announced	O
the	O
Steam	B-Device
Deck	I-Device
,	O
a	O
brand	O
new	O
handheld	B-Operating_System
PC	I-Operating_System
gaming	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Steam	B-Device
Deck	I-Device
runs	O
a	O
customized	O
version	O
of	O
Steam	B-Application
OS	I-Application
3.0	O
that	O
is	O
based	O
upon	O
Arch	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
with	O
the	O
desktop	O
mode	O
being	O
powered	O
by	O
KDE	B-Language
Plasma	I-Language
5	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
decision	O
to	O
move	O
from	O
Debian	O
to	O
Arch	O
Linux	B-Application
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
different	O
update	O
schedule	O
for	O
these	O
distributions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Valve	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
rolling	O
update	O
approach	O
would	O
be	O
better	O
suited	O
for	O
the	O
Steam	B-Device
Deck	I-Device
,	O
allowing	O
them	O
to	O
address	O
issues	O
and	O
fixes	O
much	O
faster	O
than	O
Debian	O
would	O
allow	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Valve	O
affirmed	O
that	O
SteamOS	B-Application
3.0	I-Application
will	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
freely	O
available	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
intention	O
of	O
allowing	O
other	O
hardware	O
developers	O
to	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
it	O
and	O
build	O
similar	O
handheld	B-Operating_System
computing	O
devices	O
like	O
the	O
Deck	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Auto-update	O
from	O
the	O
Valve	O
SteamOS	B-Application
repositories	O
SteamOS	B-Application
3.0	I-Application
clockwerk	O
Debian	O
9	O
(	O
Stretch	O
)	O
N/A	O
Not	O
published	O
as	O
of	O
2021	O
,	O
cancelled	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2013	O
,	O
Phoronix	O
compared	O
three	O
Nvidia	B-Architecture
graphics	I-Architecture
cards	I-Architecture
on	O
SteamOS	B-Application
1.0	O
beta	O
and	O
Windows	O
8.1	O
Pro	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Overall	O
,	O
Nvidia	B-Architecture
's	O
proprietary	B-Application
Linux	B-Application
graphics	O
driver	O
delivered	O
performance	O
comparable	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
Windows	O
drivers	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
platforms’	O
largely	O
shared	O
codebase	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2014	O
,	O
GameSpot	O
compared	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
three	O
games	O
(	O
Dota	B-Application
2	I-Application
,	O
Left	B-Application
4	I-Application
Dead	I-Application
2	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Metro	B-Application
:	I-Application
Last	I-Application
Light	I-Application
)	O
running	O
on	O
Windows	O
7	O
x64	B-Device
and	O
SteamOS	B-Application
1.0	O
beta	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
an	O
AMD	B-Architecture
graphics	O
card	O
,	O
they	O
found	O
that	O
all	O
ran	O
at	O
considerably	O
fewer	O
frames	O
per	O
second	O
on	O
SteamOS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Left	B-Application
4	I-Application
Dead	I-Application
2	I-Application
stuttered	O
,	O
which	O
they	O
attributed	O
to	O
a	O
device	B-Application
driver	I-Application
problem	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
an	O
Nvidia	B-Architecture
graphics	O
card	O
,	O
they	O
found	O
that	O
Metro	B-Application
:	I-Application
Last	I-Application
Light	I-Application
ran	O
at	O
a	O
slightly	O
higher	O
frame	O
rate	O
and	O
Dota	B-Application
2	I-Application
broke	O
even	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
both	O
video	O
card	O
brands	O
,	O
Left	B-Application
4	I-Application
Dead	I-Application
2	I-Application
and	O
Dota	B-Application
2	I-Application
had	O
longer	O
load	O
times	O
on	O
SteamOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Steam	B-Device
Machines	I-Device
was	O
officially	O
released	O
in	O
November	O
2015	O
,	O
Ars	O
Technica	O
compared	O
the	O
rendering	O
performance	O
of	O
cross-platform	O
games	O
on	O
SteamOS	B-Application
2	O
and	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
running	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
machine	O
,	O
using	O
average	O
frame-per-second	O
measurements	O
,	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
games	O
rendered	O
between	O
21%	O
and	O
58%	O
slower	O
on	O
SteamOS	B-Application
2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ars	O
Technica	O
suggested	O
this	O
might	O
be	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
inexperience	O
of	O
developers	O
optimizing	O
on	O
OpenGL	B-Application
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
DirectX	B-Application
,	O
and	O
believed	O
that	O
the	O
performance	O
might	O
improve	O
with	O
future	O
titles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2022	O
,	O
Linus	O
Tech	O
Tips	O
compared	O
SteamOS	B-Application
3	I-Application
performance	O
against	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
on	O
the	O
Steam	B-Device
Deck	I-Device
using	O
three	O
gaming	O
benchmarks	O
(	O
including	O
Hitman	B-Application
3	I-Application
,	O
Doom	B-Application
Eternal	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Elden	B-Application
Ring	I-Application
)	O
which	O
showed	O
that	O
all	O
three	O
titles	O
have	O
an	O
average	O
higher	O
frames	O
per	O
second	O
on	O
SteamOS	B-Application
3	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hitman	B-Application
3	I-Application
delivered	O
a	O
19	O
fps	O
average	O
for	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
and	O
a	O
34	O
fps	O
average	O
for	O
SteamOS	B-Application
3	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Doom	B-Application
Eternal	I-Application
,	O
SteamOS	B-Application
3	I-Application
hit	O
a	O
60	O
fps	O
average	O
while	O
Windows	O
hit	O
a	O
47	O
fps	O
average	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Elden	B-Application
Ring	I-Application
on	O
SteamOS	B-Application
topping	O
out	O
at	O
37	O
fps	O
average	O
while	O
running	O
on	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
at	O
a	O
30	O
fps	O
average	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
SteamOS’	O
initial	O
announcement	O
,	O
many	O
video	O
game	O
developers	O
expressed	O
enthusiasm	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Minecraft	B-Application
creator	O
Markus	O
Persson	O
described	O
it	O
as	O
"	O
amazing	O
news	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
Thomas	B-Application
Was	I-Application
Alone	I-Application
developer	O
Mike	O
Bithell	O
called	O
it	O
"	O
encouraging	O
"	O
for	O
indie	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
developers	O
such	O
as	O
DICE	O
,	O
creators	O
of	O
the	O
Battlefield	O
series	O
,	O
and	O
The	O
Creative	O
Assembly	O
,	O
developers	O
of	O
the	O
Total	O
War	O
series	O
,	O
stated	O
that	O
they	O
may	O
add	O
Linux	B-Application
support	O
for	O
their	O
games	O
following	O
SteamOS’	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
front	O
,	O
Gearbox	O
Software	O
head	O
Randy	O
Pitchford	O
expressed	O
a	O
belief	O
that	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
needed	O
a	O
unique	O
application	O
to	O
attract	O
developers	O
,	O
saying	O
"	O
without	O
that	O
must-buy	O
product	O
driving	O
us	O
all	O
towards	O
this	O
stuff	O
,	O
I	O
expect	O
that	O
the	O
industry	O
at	O
large	O
will	O
watch	O
curiously	O
,	O
but	O
remain	O
largely	O
unaffected.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Richard	O
Stallman	O
,	O
former	O
president	O
of	O
the	B-Operating_System
Free	I-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
,	O
expressed	O
cautious	O
support	O
,	O
but	O
does	O
not	O
condone	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
non-free	O
games	O
or	O
DRM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SteamOS	B-Application
beta	O
release	O
received	O
mixed	O
reviews	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
TechRadar	O
's	O
review	O
Henry	O
Winchester	O
praised	O
the	O
easy	O
to	O
navigate	O
interface	O
and	O
future	O
potential	O
but	O
criticized	O
the	O
hard	O
installation	O
and	O
lack	O
of	O
extra	O
features	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
Steam	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eurogamer	O
's	O
Thomas	O
Morgan	O
did	O
not	O
experience	O
installation	O
problems	O
,	O
but	O
commented	O
negatively	O
on	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
options	O
available	O
for	O
detecting	O
monitor	O
resolutions	O
and	O
audio	O
output	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
games	O
available	O
natively	O
on	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
then	O
,	O
outlets	O
such	O
as	O
Ars	O
Technica	O
have	O
revisited	O
the	O
SteamOS	B-Application
since	O
its	O
initial	O
debut	O
,	O
offering	O
observations	O
on	O
the	O
platform	O
's	O
growth	O
,	O
pros	O
,	O
and	O
cons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
Falcon	O
Northwest	O
and	O
Origin	O
PC	B-Device
,	O
computer	O
manufacturers	O
that	O
were	O
planning	O
on	O
offering	O
Steam	B-Device
Machine	I-Device
hardware	O
,	O
opted	O
to	O
not	O
ship	O
a	O
SteamOS-enabled	O
machine	O
in	O
2015	O
due	O
to	O
limitations	O
of	O
SteamOS	B-Application
over	O
Windows	O
;	O
Falcon	O
Northwest	O
said	O
they	O
would	O
still	O
consider	O
shipping	O
machines	O
with	O
SteamOS	B-Application
in	O
the	O
future	O
if	O
performance	O
improves	O
.	O
</s>
