<s>
Statistical	B-Application
graphics	I-Application
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
statistical	O
graphical	B-Application
techniques	I-Application
,	O
are	O
graphics	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
statistics	O
for	O
data	B-Application
visualization	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Whereas	O
statistics	O
and	O
data	B-General_Concept
analysis	I-General_Concept
procedures	O
generally	O
yield	O
their	O
output	O
in	O
numeric	O
or	O
tabular	O
form	O
,	O
graphical	B-Application
techniques	I-Application
allow	O
such	O
results	O
to	O
be	O
displayed	O
in	O
some	O
sort	O
of	O
pictorial	O
form	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
include	O
plots	B-Application
such	O
as	O
scatter	B-Application
plots	I-Application
,	O
histograms	B-Algorithm
,	O
probability	O
plots	B-Application
,	O
spaghetti	B-Application
plots	I-Application
,	O
residual	O
plots	B-Application
,	O
box	B-Application
plots	I-Application
,	O
block	O
plots	B-Application
and	O
biplots	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Exploratory	B-General_Concept
data	I-General_Concept
analysis	I-General_Concept
(	O
EDA	O
)	O
relies	O
heavily	O
on	O
such	O
techniques	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
choice	O
of	O
appropriate	O
statistical	B-Application
graphics	I-Application
can	O
provide	O
a	O
convincing	O
means	O
of	O
communicating	O
the	O
underlying	O
message	O
that	O
is	O
present	O
in	O
the	O
data	O
to	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
one	O
is	O
not	O
using	O
statistical	B-Application
graphics	I-Application
,	O
then	O
one	O
is	O
forfeiting	O
insight	O
into	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
underlying	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Statistical	B-Application
graphics	I-Application
have	O
been	O
central	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
science	O
and	O
date	O
to	O
the	O
earliest	O
attempts	O
to	O
analyse	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
familiar	O
forms	O
,	O
including	O
bivariate	O
plots	B-Application
,	O
statistical	O
maps	O
,	O
bar	B-Application
charts	I-Application
,	O
and	O
coordinate	O
paper	O
were	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
18th	O
century	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Statistical	B-Application
graphics	I-Application
developed	O
through	O
attention	O
to	O
four	O
problems	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
1970s	O
statistical	B-Application
graphics	I-Application
have	O
been	O
re-emerging	O
as	O
an	O
important	O
analytic	O
tool	O
with	O
the	O
revitalisation	O
of	O
computer	O
graphics	O
and	O
related	O
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
William	O
Playfair	O
who	O
produced	O
what	O
could	O
be	O
called	O
the	O
first	O
line	B-Application
,	O
bar	B-Application
,	O
pie	B-Application
,	O
and	O
area	B-Application
charts	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Florence	O
Nightingale	O
,	O
who	O
used	O
statistical	B-Application
graphics	I-Application
to	O
persuade	O
the	O
British	O
Government	O
to	O
improve	O
army	O
hygiene	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
Charles	O
Joseph	O
Minard	O
who	O
designed	O
a	O
large	O
portfolio	O
of	O
maps	O
of	O
which	O
the	O
one	O
depicting	O
Napoleon	B-Device
's	O
campaign	O
in	O
Russia	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
known	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
See	O
the	O
plots	B-Application
page	O
for	O
many	O
more	O
examples	O
of	O
statistical	B-Application
graphics	I-Application
.	O
</s>
