<s>
A	O
standard	B-Application
data	I-Application
model	I-Application
or	O
industry	O
standard	B-Application
data	I-Application
model	I-Application
(	O
ISDM	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
data	B-Application
model	I-Application
that	O
is	O
widely	O
applied	O
in	O
some	O
industry	O
,	O
and	O
shared	O
amongst	O
competitors	O
to	O
some	O
degree	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
standardization	O
affects	O
software	B-Architecture
architecture	I-Architecture
as	O
solutions	O
that	O
vary	O
from	O
the	O
standard	O
may	O
cause	O
data	B-Application
sharing	I-Application
issues	O
and	O
problems	O
if	O
data	O
is	O
out	O
of	O
compliance	O
with	O
the	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
these	O
use	O
the	O
popular	O
relational	B-Architecture
model	I-Architecture
of	I-Architecture
database	I-Architecture
management	I-Architecture
,	O
but	O
some	O
use	O
the	O
hierarchical	B-General_Concept
model	I-General_Concept
,	O
especially	O
those	O
used	O
in	O
manufacturing	O
or	O
mandated	O
by	O
governments	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
the	O
DIN	B-Application
codes	O
specified	O
by	O
Germany	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
complex	O
data	B-Application
models	I-Application
known	O
are	O
in	O
military	O
use	O
,	O
and	O
consortia	O
such	O
as	O
NATO	O
tend	O
to	O
require	O
strict	O
standards	O
of	O
their	O
members	O
 '	O
equipment	O
and	O
supply	O
databases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
they	O
typically	O
do	O
not	O
share	O
these	O
with	O
non-NATO	O
competitors	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
calling	O
these	O
'	O
standard	O
 '	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
sense	O
as	O
commercial	B-Application
software	I-Application
is	O
probably	O
not	O
very	O
appropriate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EN12896	O
CEN	O
Reference	O
Data	B-Application
Model	I-Application
For	O
Public	O
Transport	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SIF	O
is	O
an	O
interoperability	O
specification	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
standard	B-Application
data	I-Application
model	I-Application
in	O
Australia	O
,	O
the	O
UK	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
US	O
.	O
</s>
