<s>
Sprang	B-Algorithm
is	O
an	O
ancient	O
method	O
of	O
constructing	O
fabric	O
that	O
has	O
a	O
natural	O
elasticity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
appearance	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
netting	O
,	O
but	O
unlike	O
netting	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
is	O
constructed	O
entirely	O
from	O
warp	O
threads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Archaeological	O
evidence	O
indicates	O
that	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
predates	O
knitting	O
;	O
the	O
two	O
needlework	O
forms	O
bear	O
a	O
visible	O
resemblance	O
and	O
serve	O
similar	O
functions	O
but	O
require	O
different	O
production	O
techniques	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
examples	O
of	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
have	O
been	O
unearthed	O
from	O
as	O
early	O
as	O
the	O
Bronze	O
Age	O
,	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
was	O
almost	O
entirely	O
undocumented	O
in	O
written	O
records	O
until	O
the	O
late	O
nineteenth	O
century	O
when	O
archaeological	O
finds	O
generated	O
interest	O
in	O
Europe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Museum	O
examples	O
of	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
had	O
been	O
misidentified	O
as	O
knitting	O
or	O
lace	O
until	O
discoveries	O
of	O
ancient	O
examples	O
prompted	O
reexamination	O
of	O
newer	O
pieces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Subsequently	O
,	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
has	O
been	O
identified	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
cultures	O
and	O
traditions	O
across	O
several	O
continents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
practice	O
as	O
a	O
folk	O
art	O
waned	O
during	O
the	O
twentieth	O
century	O
and	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
traditions	O
have	O
disappeared	O
in	O
most	O
locales	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Knitting	O
has	O
largely	O
supplanted	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
principle	O
,	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
may	O
be	O
regarded	O
as	O
a	O
practical	O
application	O
of	O
the	O
fiber	O
manipulation	O
techniques	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
children	O
's	O
game	O
known	O
as	O
cat	O
's	O
cradle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sprang	B-Algorithm
is	O
made	O
by	O
preparing	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
warp	O
threads	O
either	O
on	O
a	O
rectangular	O
frame	O
or	O
between	O
a	O
pair	O
of	O
beams	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
most	O
textile	O
production	O
techniques	O
that	O
add	O
new	O
rows	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
completed	O
rows	O
,	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
works	O
upon	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
fibers	O
and	O
the	O
material	O
grows	O
inward	O
from	O
both	O
ends	O
with	O
symmetrical	O
top	O
and	O
bottom	O
halves	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
craftsperson	O
must	O
maintain	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
center	O
area	O
or	O
the	O
structure	O
unravels	O
:	O
most	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
worked	O
upon	O
has	O
too	O
many	O
fibers	O
to	O
keep	O
in	O
hand	O
,	O
so	O
rods	O
or	O
sticks	O
maintain	O
the	O
appropriate	O
fiber	O
positions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
traditions	O
where	O
two	O
halves	O
of	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
are	O
not	O
severed	O
by	O
cutting	O
,	O
this	O
center	O
seam	O
is	O
a	O
telltale	O
sign	O
of	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
manufacture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
English	O
word	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
is	O
of	O
Swedish	O
origin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
earliest	O
surviving	O
example	O
of	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
hair	O
net	O
,	O
c	O
.	O
1400	O
B.C.	O
,	O
that	O
was	O
recovered	O
from	O
a	O
bog	O
in	O
Denmark	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
archaeological	O
finds	O
of	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
fabric	O
come	O
from	O
the	O
later	O
classical	O
era	O
and	O
early	O
Dark	O
Ages	O
:	O
locations	O
include	O
Norway	O
(	O
third	O
to	O
fifth	O
centuries	O
A.D.	O
)	O
,	O
Switzerland	B-Protocol
,	O
Egypt	O
(	O
possibly	O
twenty-second	O
dynasty	O
,	O
also	O
early	O
Coptic	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
various	O
Roman	O
sites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Use	O
of	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
has	O
also	O
been	O
conjectured	O
from	O
archaeological	O
recoveries	O
of	O
ancient	O
looms	O
and	O
from	O
depictions	O
in	O
period	O
artwork	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sprang	B-Algorithm
is	O
also	O
an	O
indigenous	O
needlework	O
technique	O
among	O
the	O
peoples	O
of	O
South	O
America	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
earliest	O
known	O
examples	O
dating	O
from	O
before	O
900	O
A.D.	O
among	O
the	O
Paracas	O
culture	O
and	O
Nazca	O
culture	O
in	O
present-day	O
Peru	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sprang	B-Algorithm
has	O
also	O
been	O
noted	O
in	O
the	O
Middle	O
East	O
,	O
Central	O
Asia	O
,	O
the	O
Indian	O
Subcontinent	O
,	O
and	O
North	O
America	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Indigenous	O
North	O
American	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
includes	O
woolen	O
scarves	O
by	O
the	O
Ho-Chunk	O
of	O
Wisconsin	O
,	O
and	O
Hopi	O
wedding	O
sashes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
natural	O
elasticity	O
of	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
makes	O
it	O
suitable	O
for	O
stockings	O
,	O
hair	O
nets	O
,	O
sleeves	O
,	O
bags	O
,	O
scarves	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
purposes	O
where	O
pliant	O
material	O
is	O
required	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
needlework	O
is	O
utilitarian	O
and	O
hence	O
was	O
overlooked	O
by	O
scholars	O
until	O
late	O
in	O
its	O
history	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
needlework	O
historian	O
Catherine	O
Amoroso	O
Leslie	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
fact	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
until	O
the	O
nineteenth	O
century	O
and	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
at	O
archaeological	O
sites	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
recognized	O
as	O
a	O
separate	O
and	O
distinct	O
form	O
of	O
needlework	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
museum	O
objects	O
that	O
were	O
wrongly	O
classified	O
as	O
knitting	O
or	O
lace	O
have	O
now	O
been	O
correctly	O
identified	O
as	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
nearly	O
simultaneous	O
archaeological	O
finds	O
in	O
Denmark	O
and	O
Egypt	O
during	O
the	O
1870s	O
,	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
Coptic	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
brought	O
to	O
Austria	O
in	O
1882	O
inspired	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
a	O
factory	O
near	O
Vienna	O
to	O
manufacture	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
hammocks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Paris	O
World	O
's	O
Fair	O
of	O
1889	O
included	O
an	O
exhibit	O
that	O
duplicated	O
ancient	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
,	O
which	O
led	O
to	O
renewed	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
technique	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Traditionally	O
,	O
cultures	O
that	O
practiced	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
had	O
not	O
produced	O
written	O
records	O
of	O
its	O
manufacture	O
or	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shortly	O
after	O
the	O
Paris	O
exhibition	O
,	O
living	O
traditions	O
of	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
began	O
to	O
be	O
documented	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
1890s	O
Ukrainian	O
villagers	O
were	O
identified	O
as	O
practicing	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
in	O
the	O
manufacture	O
of	O
women	O
's	O
caps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Soon	O
afterward	O
,	O
local	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
production	O
for	O
various	O
garments	O
was	O
also	O
documented	O
in	O
parts	O
of	O
Eastern	O
Europe	O
and	O
in	O
Denmark	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sprang	B-Algorithm
is	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
largely	O
a	O
historical	O
technique	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
supplanted	O
for	O
most	O
purposes	O
by	O
the	O
later	O
invention	O
of	O
knitting	O
,	O
whose	O
earliest	O
known	O
example	O
dates	O
from	O
the	O
third	O
century	O
A.D.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
late	O
eighteenth	O
and	O
early	O
nineteenth	O
centuries	O
a	O
military	O
fashion	O
of	O
decorative	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
sashes	O
in	O
silk	O
known	O
as	O
faja	O
in	O
Spain	O
gained	O
international	O
popularity	O
among	O
generals	O
as	O
a	O
distinguishing	O
ornament	O
of	O
rank	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
George	O
Washington	O
wore	O
a	O
sash	O
made	O
of	O
red	O
silk	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
around	O
the	O
year	O
1779	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
study	O
of	O
folk	O
textiles	O
of	O
Anatolia	O
,	O
Greece	O
,	O
Linda	O
Welters	O
identifies	O
the	O
zonari	O
as	O
a	O
long	O
fringed	O
belt	O
constructed	O
of	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Their	O
vocabulary	O
had	O
no	O
special	O
term	O
to	O
correspond	O
with	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
,	O
so	O
they	O
referred	O
to	O
it	O
with	O
descriptive	O
phrases	O
such	O
as	O
knitting	O
with	O
sticks	O
,	O
plaiting	B-Application
,	O
and	O
weaving	O
without	O
passing	O
through	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
technique	O
also	O
survives	O
as	O
a	O
traditional	O
method	O
for	O
making	O
hammocks	O
in	O
Guatemala	O
,	O
Mexico	O
,	O
and	O
Colombia	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
in	O
Colombia	O
for	O
making	O
a	O
shopping	O
bag	O
known	O
as	O
mechita	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Handmade	O
Mesoamerican	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
hammocks	O
continue	O
to	O
be	O
produced	O
for	O
export	O
to	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
international	O
markets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
remains	O
in	O
use	O
for	O
making	O
silk	O
trouser	O
drawstrings	O
for	O
male	O
and	O
female	O
attire	O
in	O
Punjab	O
in	O
India	O
and	O
Pakistan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
drawstrings	O
are	O
also	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
'	O
ghugrai	O
 '	O
(	O
full	O
long	O
skirts	O
worn	O
traditionally	O
by	O
Punjabi	O
women	O
)	O
–	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
fashionable	O
at	O
times	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
drawstring	O
ends	O
on	O
show	O
,	O
hanging	O
with	O
the	O
'	O
harar	O
 '	O
having	O
colourful	O
pom-poms	O
or	O
jewellery	O
added	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
technique	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
black	O
'	O
doria	O
 '	O
traditionally	O
braided	O
into	O
women	O
's	O
hair	O
;	O
they	O
also	O
have	O
a	O
colourful	O
'	O
harar	O
 '	O
ending	O
fixed	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
attempts	O
to	O
retain	O
traditional	O
Punjabi	O
culture	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
cultural	O
craft	O
centres	O
in	O
and	O
around	O
Jullunder	O
where	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
technique	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
several	O
old	O
textile	O
arts	O
being	O
passed	O
on	O
to	O
young	O
craftspeople	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contemporary	O
art	O
textiles	O
sometimes	O
employ	O
sprang	B-Algorithm
in	O
wall	O
hangings	O
.	O
</s>
