<s>
Sports	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
are	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
relevant	O
,	O
historical	O
,	O
statistics	O
that	O
can	O
provide	O
a	O
competitive	O
advantage	O
to	O
a	O
team	O
or	O
individual	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Through	O
the	O
collection	O
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
these	O
data	O
,	O
sports	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
inform	O
players	O
,	O
coaches	O
and	O
other	O
staff	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
facilitate	O
decision	O
making	O
both	O
during	O
and	O
prior	O
to	O
sporting	O
events	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
"	O
sports	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
"	O
was	O
popularized	O
in	O
mainstream	O
sports	O
culture	O
following	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
2011	O
film	O
,	O
Moneyball	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
Oakland	O
Athletics	O
General	O
Manager	O
Billy	O
Beane	O
(	O
played	O
by	O
Brad	O
Pitt	O
)	O
relies	O
heavily	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
baseball	O
analytics	O
,	O
building	O
upon	O
and	O
extending	O
the	O
established	O
practice	O
of	O
Sabermetrics	O
,	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
competitive	O
team	O
on	O
a	O
minimal	O
budget	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
two	O
key	O
aspects	O
of	O
sports	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
—	O
on-field	O
and	O
off-field	O
analytics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
or	O
"	O
who	O
is	O
the	O
best	O
wing	O
player	O
in	O
the	O
NBA	B-Application
?	O
</s>
<s>
Advancements	O
in	O
data	O
collection	O
have	O
allowed	O
for	O
sports	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
to	O
grow	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
advanced	B-General_Concept
statistics	I-General_Concept
and	O
machine	O
learning	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
sport	O
specific	O
technologies	O
that	O
allow	O
for	O
things	O
like	O
game	O
simulations	O
to	O
be	O
conducted	O
by	O
teams	O
prior	O
to	O
play	O
,	O
improve	O
fan	O
acquisition	O
and	O
marketing	O
strategies	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
understand	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
sponsorship	O
on	O
each	O
team	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
its	O
fans	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
significant	O
impact	O
sports	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
have	O
had	O
on	O
professional	O
sports	O
is	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
sport	O
gambling	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
depth	O
sports	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
have	O
taken	O
sports	O
gambling	O
to	O
new	O
levels	O
,	O
whether	O
it	O
be	O
fantasy	O
sports	O
leagues	O
or	O
nightly	O
wagers	O
,	O
bettors	O
now	O
have	O
more	O
information	O
at	O
their	O
disposal	O
to	O
help	O
aid	O
decision	O
making	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Baseball	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
sports	O
to	O
embrace	O
sports	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
with	O
Earnshaw	O
Cook	O
publishing	O
Percentage	O
Baseball	O
in	O
1964	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
publication	O
citing	O
sports	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
to	O
garner	O
national	O
media	O
attention	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1984	O
,	O
New	O
York	O
Mets	O
manager	O
Davey	O
Johnson	O
became	O
the	O
first	O
known	O
member	O
of	O
a	O
known	O
sports	O
organization	O
to	O
advocate	O
for	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
sports	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
his	O
time	O
with	O
the	O
Baltimore	O
Orioles	O
,	O
Johnson	O
had	O
tried	O
to	O
convince	O
the	O
organization	O
to	O
use	O
his	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
baseball	O
computer	B-Application
simulation	I-Application
to	O
determine	O
the	O
team	O
's	O
optimal	O
starting	O
lineup	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
manager	O
of	O
the	O
Mets	O
,	O
Johnson	O
tasked	O
a	O
team	O
employee	O
with	O
writing	O
a	O
dBASE	B-Application
II	I-Application
application	O
to	O
run	O
sophisticated	O
statistical	O
models	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
better	O
understand	O
the	O
capabilities	O
and	O
tendencies	O
of	O
the	O
team	O
's	O
opponents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
close	O
of	O
the	O
twentieth	O
century	O
,	O
sports	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
had	O
gained	O
significant	O
acceptance	O
by	O
the	O
management	O
of	O
many	O
Major	B-Application
League	I-Application
Baseball	I-Application
clubs	O
,	O
notably	O
the	O
Oakland	O
A	O
's	O
,	O
Boston	O
Red	O
Sox	O
and	O
Cleveland	O
Indians	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
baseball	O
fans	O
and	O
sports	O
media	O
had	O
begun	O
to	O
adopt	O
sports	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
as	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
understand	O
and	O
report	O
the	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1996	O
,	O
Baseball	O
Prospectus	O
sought	O
to	O
build	O
upon	O
Bill	O
James	O
 '	O
work	O
when	O
it	O
launched	O
the	O
Baseball	O
Prospectus	O
website	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
present	O
sabermetric	O
research	O
and	O
related	O
findings	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
publish	O
advanced	B-General_Concept
metrics	I-General_Concept
such	O
as	O
EqA	O
,	O
the	O
Davenport	O
Translations	O
(	O
DT	O
's	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
VORP	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Baseball	O
Prospectus	O
has	O
grown	O
into	O
a	O
multi-channel	O
sports	O
media	O
organization	O
employing	O
a	O
team	O
of	O
statisticians	O
and	O
writers	O
who	O
publish	O
New	O
York	O
Times	O
Best	O
Selling	O
books	O
and	O
host	O
weekly	O
radio	O
shows	O
and	O
podcasts	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MLB	B-Application
has	O
set	O
the	O
benchmark	O
in	O
sports	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
for	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
years	O
,	O
with	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
brightest	O
minds	O
having	O
never	O
set	O
foot	O
into	O
the	O
heat	O
of	O
a	O
major	O
or	O
minor	O
league	O
baseball	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Epstein	O
,	O
known	O
for	O
his	O
role	O
in	O
ending	O
two	O
of	O
baseball	O
's	O
most	O
famous	O
streaks	O
(	O
the	O
Boston	O
Red	O
Sox	O
curse	O
of	O
the	O
Great	O
Bambino	O
in	O
2004	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
recently	O
as	O
the	O
2016	O
World	O
Series	O
,	O
helping	O
end	O
the	O
108-year	O
drought	O
between	O
World	O
Series	O
wins	O
for	O
the	O
Chicago	O
Cubs	O
)	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
a	O
growing	O
community	O
in	O
major	B-Application
league	I-Application
baseball	I-Application
who	O
do	O
not	O
rely	O
on	O
years	O
of	O
major	O
league	O
playing	O
experience	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
analytics	O
being	O
relatively	O
common	O
in	O
the	O
MLB	B-Application
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
breadth	O
of	O
statistics	O
that	O
have	O
become	O
vital	O
in	O
the	O
analysis	O
of	O
the	O
game	O
,	O
which	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
a	O
double	O
,	O
triple	O
or	O
home	B-Application
run	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Houston	O
Rockets	O
 '	O
Daryl	O
Morey	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
NBA	B-Application
general	O
manager	O
to	O
implement	O
advanced	B-General_Concept
metrics	I-General_Concept
as	O
a	O
key	O
aspect	O
of	O
player	O
evaluation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
years	O
that	O
followed	O
Morey	O
's	O
hiring	O
,	O
the	O
NBA	B-Application
moved	O
quickly	O
to	O
adopt	O
advanced	O
metrics-based	O
player	O
evaluation	O
practices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Beyond	O
professional	O
basketball	O
front	O
offices	O
,	O
major	O
sports	O
media	O
websites	O
such	O
as	O
Basketball	O
Reference	O
are	O
dedicated	O
to	O
the	O
collection	O
,	O
synthesis	O
,	O
and	O
dissemination	O
of	O
advanced	B-General_Concept
metrics	I-General_Concept
to	O
pro	O
and	O
college	O
basketball	O
organizations	O
,	O
sports	O
media	O
members	O
,	O
and	O
fans	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
then	O
,	O
sports	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
enthusiasts	O
in	O
basketball	O
have	O
created	O
weighted	O
statistics	O
that	O
measure	O
each	O
player	O
and	O
each	O
team	O
's	O
on-court	O
efficiency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
basketball-specific	O
advanced	B-General_Concept
metrics	I-General_Concept
feature	O
a	O
per-minute	O
measurement	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
a	O
player	O
's	O
incremental	O
team	O
contributions	O
are	O
measured	O
irrespective	O
of	O
usage	O
volume	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Advanced	O
Football	O
Analytics	O
(	O
originally	O
Advanced	O
NFL	B-Application
Stats	O
)	O
has	O
its	O
EPA	O
(	O
expected	O
points	O
added	O
)	O
and	O
WPA	O
(	O
win	O
probability	O
added	O
)	O
for	O
NFL	B-Application
players	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
analyzing	O
data	O
pertaining	O
to	O
running	O
back	O
success	O
,	O
Barnwell	O
discovered	O
that	O
the	O
most	O
successful	O
running	O
backs	O
at	O
the	O
NFL	B-Application
level	O
were	O
both	O
fast	O
and	O
heavy	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
Speed	O
Score	O
weights	O
40-yard	O
dash	O
times	O
by	O
assigning	O
a	O
premium	O
to	O
bigger	O
,	O
often	O
stronger	O
,	O
running	O
backs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
driving	O
forces	O
for	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
sports	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
in	O
the	O
NFL	B-Application
has	O
been	O
the	O
growth	O
of	O
fantasy	O
football	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Building	O
on	O
the	O
work	O
of	O
these	O
writers	O
,	O
sites	O
such	O
as	O
distill	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
established	O
advanced	B-General_Concept
metrics	I-General_Concept
into	O
a	O
single	O
player	O
snapshot	O
designed	O
to	O
be	O
palatable	O
to	O
the	O
casual	O
sports	O
fan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dubas	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
Theo	O
Epstein	O
in	O
the	O
MLB	B-Application
,	O
has	O
never	O
suited	O
up	O
in	O
a	O
professional	O
game	O
and	O
relies	O
on	O
the	O
numbers	O
generated	O
by	O
players	O
on	O
a	O
nightly	O
basis	O
both	O
now	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
to	O
make	O
decisions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
data	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
evaluating	O
attacking	O
performance	O
to	O
estimate	O
goals	O
scored	O
using	O
Artificial	B-Application
Intelligence	I-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
Many	O
statisticians	O
attribute	O
the	O
popularization	O
of	O
sports	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
to	O
current	O
Oakland	O
Athletics	O
General	O
Manager	O
Billy	O
Beane	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Strapped	O
with	O
a	O
minimalist	O
budget	O
,	O
Beane	O
relied	O
on	O
sabermetrics	O
,	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
sports	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
,	O
to	O
evaluate	O
players	O
and	O
make	O
personnel	O
decisions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Epstein	O
,	O
who	O
remains	O
the	O
youngest	O
general	O
manager	O
to	O
ever	O
be	O
hired	O
in	O
the	O
MLB	B-Application
,	O
came	O
into	O
the	O
position	O
with	O
zero	O
professional	O
playing	O
experience	O
,	O
highly	O
irregular	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
recently	O
,	O
teams	O
like	O
the	O
Houston	O
Rockets	O
of	O
the	O
NBA	B-Application
have	O
put	O
a	O
heavy	O
focus	O
on	O
analytics	O
to	O
dictate	O
front	O
office	O
and	O
on-court	O
decisions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
other	O
professional	O
teams	O
who	O
typically	O
use	O
analytics	O
solely	O
for	O
player	O
transactions	O
and	O
signings	O
,	O
the	O
Astros	O
have	O
begun	O
to	O
use	O
analytics	O
to	O
make	O
decisions	O
on	O
how	O
they	O
will	O
play	O
on	O
the	O
field	O
,	O
"	O
applying	O
the	O
defensive	O
shift	O
more	O
than	O
any	O
other	O
team	O
in	O
the	O
MLB	B-Application
last	O
season.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Sports	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
have	O
had	O
significant	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
play	O
but	O
sports	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
have	O
also	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
growing	O
industry	O
of	O
sports	O
gambling	O
,	O
which	O
accounts	O
for	O
approximately	O
13%	O
of	O
the	O
global	O
gambling	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
