<s>
As	O
of	O
the	O
early	O
2000s	O
,	O
several	O
speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
(	O
SR	O
)	O
software	O
packages	O
exist	O
for	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
software	I-License
and	O
others	O
are	O
proprietary	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
usually	O
refers	O
to	O
software	O
that	O
attempts	O
to	O
distinguish	O
thousands	O
of	O
words	O
in	O
a	O
human	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Voice	B-Application
control	I-Application
may	O
refer	O
to	O
software	O
used	O
for	O
communicating	O
operational	O
commands	O
to	O
a	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
,	O
a	O
Linux	B-Application
version	O
of	O
ViaVoice	B-Application
,	O
created	O
by	O
IBM	O
,	O
was	O
made	O
available	O
to	O
users	O
for	O
no	O
charge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2002	O
,	O
the	O
free	O
software	B-Application
development	I-Application
kit	I-Application
(	O
SDK	O
)	O
was	O
removed	O
by	O
the	O
developer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
early	O
2000s	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
push	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
high-quality	O
Linux	B-Application
native	O
speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
engine	O
developed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
several	O
projects	O
dedicated	O
to	O
creating	O
Linux	B-Application
speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
programs	O
were	O
begun	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Mycroft	B-Device
,	O
which	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Cortana	I-Application
,	O
but	O
open-source	B-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
essential	O
to	O
compile	O
a	O
speech	O
corpus	O
to	O
produce	O
acoustic	B-General_Concept
models	I-General_Concept
for	O
speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VoxForge	B-Application
is	O
a	O
free	O
speech	O
corpus	O
and	O
acoustic	B-General_Concept
model	I-General_Concept
repository	O
that	O
was	O
built	O
to	O
collect	O
transcribed	O
speech	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VoxForge	B-Application
accepts	O
crowdsourced	O
speech	O
samples	O
and	O
corrections	O
of	O
recognized	O
speech	O
sequences	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
licensed	O
under	O
a	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
(	O
GPL	B-License
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Discrete	O
speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
(	O
DSR	O
)	O
–	O
processes	O
information	O
on	O
a	O
local	O
machine	O
entirely	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Remote	O
or	O
server-based	O
SR	O
–	O
transmits	O
an	O
audio	O
speech	O
file	O
to	O
a	O
remote	O
server	B-Application
to	O
convert	O
the	O
file	O
into	O
a	O
text	O
string	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
recent	O
cloud	O
storage	B-General_Concept
schemes	O
and	O
data	O
mining	O
,	O
this	O
method	O
more	O
easily	O
allows	O
surveillance	O
,	O
theft	O
of	O
information	O
,	O
and	O
inserting	O
malware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Remote	O
recognition	O
was	O
formerly	O
used	O
by	O
smartphones	B-Application
because	O
they	O
lacked	O
sufficient	O
performance	O
,	O
working	O
memory	B-General_Concept
,	O
or	O
storage	B-General_Concept
to	O
process	O
speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
within	O
the	O
phone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
limits	O
have	O
largely	O
been	O
overcome	O
although	O
server-based	O
SR	O
on	O
mobile	O
devices	O
remains	O
universal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Discrete	O
speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
can	O
be	O
performed	O
within	O
a	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
and	O
works	O
well	O
with	O
supported	O
browsers	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Remote	O
SR	O
does	O
not	O
require	O
installing	O
software	O
on	O
a	O
desktop	O
computer	O
or	O
mobile	O
device	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
mainly	O
a	O
server-based	O
system	O
with	O
the	O
inherent	O
security	O
issues	O
noted	O
above	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Remote	O
:	O
The	O
dictation	O
service	O
records	O
an	O
audio	O
track	O
of	O
the	O
user	O
via	O
a	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
is	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
projects	O
dedicated	O
to	O
implementing	O
speech	B-Language
recognition	I-Language
in	I-Language
Linux	I-Language
,	O
and	O
major	O
native	O
solutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
are	O
programming	B-Library
libraries	I-Library
that	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
develop	O
end-user	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CMU	B-General_Concept
Sphinx	I-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
general	O
term	O
to	O
describe	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
systems	O
developed	O
at	O
Carnegie	O
Mellon	O
University	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HTK	B-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
most	O
famous	O
and	O
widely	O
used	O
speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
software	I-Application
before	O
Kaldi	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Julius	B-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
high-performance	O
,	O
two-pass	O
large	O
vocabulary	O
continuous	O
speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
(	O
LVCSR	O
)	O
decoder	O
software	O
for	O
speech-related	O
researchers	O
and	O
developers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kaldi	B-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
toolkit	O
for	O
speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
provided	O
under	O
the	O
Apache	O
licence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mozilla	O
DeepSpeech	O
is	O
developing	O
an	O
open-source	B-License
Speech-To-Text	B-Application
engine	O
based	O
on	O
Baidu	O
's	O
deep	O
speech	O
research	O
paper	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VoxForge	B-Application
is	O
a	O
free	O
speech	O
corpus	O
and	O
acoustic	B-General_Concept
model	I-General_Concept
repository	O
for	O
open-source	B-License
speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
engines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Janus	B-General_Concept
Recognition	I-General_Concept
Toolkit	I-General_Concept
(	O
JRTk	B-General_Concept
)	O
is	O
a	O
closed	B-Application
source	I-Application
speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
toolkit	O
mainly	O
targeted	O
at	O
Linux	B-Application
developed	O
by	O
the	O
Interactive	O
Systems	O
Laboratories	O
developed	O
at	O
Carnegie	O
Mellon	O
University	O
and	O
Karlsruhe	O
Institute	O
of	O
Technology	O
for	O
which	O
commercial	O
and	O
research	O
licenses	O
are	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
usually	O
refers	O
to	O
software	O
that	O
attempts	O
to	O
distinguish	O
thousands	O
of	O
words	O
in	O
a	O
human	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Voice	B-Application
control	I-Application
may	O
refer	O
to	O
software	O
used	O
for	O
sending	O
operational	O
commands	O
to	O
a	O
computer	O
or	O
appliance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Voice	B-Application
control	I-Application
typically	O
requires	O
a	O
much	O
smaller	O
vocabulary	O
and	O
thus	O
is	O
much	O
easier	O
to	O
implement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Simple	O
software	O
combined	O
with	O
keyboard	O
shortcuts	O
,	O
have	O
the	O
earliest	O
potential	O
for	O
practically	O
accurate	O
voice	B-Application
control	I-Application
in	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
use	O
programs	O
such	O
as	O
Dragon	B-Application
NaturallySpeaking	I-Application
in	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
by	O
using	O
Wine	B-Application
,	O
though	O
some	O
problems	O
may	O
arise	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
which	O
version	O
is	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
possible	O
to	O
use	O
Windows	O
speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
software	I-Application
under	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
no-cost	O
virtualization	B-Operating_System
software	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
run	O
Windows	O
and	O
NaturallySpeaking	B-Application
under	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
VMware	B-Operating_System
Server	I-Operating_System
or	O
VirtualBox	B-Operating_System
support	O
copy	O
and	O
paste	O
to/from	O
a	O
virtual	O
machine	O
,	O
making	O
dictated	O
text	O
easily	O
transferable	O
to/from	O
the	O
virtual	O
machine	O
.	O
</s>
