<s>
Speakeasy	B-General_Concept
was	O
a	O
numerical	B-General_Concept
computing	I-General_Concept
interactive	O
environment	O
also	O
featuring	O
an	O
interpreted	O
programming	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
eventually	O
founded	O
Speakeasy	B-General_Concept
Computing	O
Corporation	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
program	O
available	O
commercially	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Speakeasy	B-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
very	O
long-lasting	O
numerical	O
package	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Speakeasy	B-General_Concept
was	O
aimed	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
computational	O
work	O
of	O
the	O
physicists	O
at	O
the	O
Argonne	O
National	O
Laboratory	O
easier	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Speakeasy	B-General_Concept
was	O
initially	O
conceived	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
mainframes	B-Architecture
(	O
the	O
only	O
kind	O
of	O
computers	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
subsequently	O
ported	O
to	O
new	O
platforms	O
(	O
minicomputers	B-Architecture
,	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
)	O
as	O
they	O
became	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
porting	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
code	O
on	O
different	O
platforms	O
was	O
made	O
easier	O
by	O
using	O
Mortran	B-Language
metalanguage	O
macros	O
to	O
face	O
systems	O
dependencies	O
and	O
compilers	O
deficiencies	O
and	O
differences	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Speakeasy	B-General_Concept
is	O
currently	O
available	O
on	O
several	O
platforms	O
:	O
PCs	B-Device
running	O
Windows	O
,	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
departmental	O
computers	O
and	O
workstations	O
running	O
several	O
flavors	O
of	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
AIX	B-Application
or	O
Solaris	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Speakeasy	B-General_Concept
was	O
also	O
among	O
the	O
first	O
interactive	O
numerical	B-General_Concept
computing	I-General_Concept
environments	O
,	O
having	O
been	O
implemented	O
in	O
such	O
a	O
way	O
on	O
a	O
CDC	O
3600	O
system	O
,	O
and	O
later	O
on	O
IBM	B-Application
TSO	I-Application
machines	O
as	O
one	O
was	O
in	O
beta-testing	O
at	O
the	O
Argonne	O
National	O
Laboratory	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
1984	O
it	O
was	O
available	O
on	O
Digital	O
Equipment	O
Corporation	O
's	O
VAX	B-Device
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Almost	O
since	O
the	O
beginning	O
(	O
as	O
the	O
dynamic	O
linking	O
functionality	O
was	O
made	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
operating	O
systems	O
)	O
Speakeasy	B-General_Concept
features	O
the	O
capability	O
of	O
expanding	O
its	O
operational	O
vocabulary	O
using	O
separated	O
modules	O
,	O
dynamically	O
linked	O
to	O
the	O
core	O
processor	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
needed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
functions	O
with	O
a	O
generalized	O
interface	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
written	O
in	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
or	O
in	O
C	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
the	O
programs	O
,	O
functions	O
and	O
subroutines	O
the	O
user	O
can	O
write	O
in	O
the	O
Speakeasy	B-General_Concept
's	O
own	O
interpreted	O
language	O
,	O
linkules	O
add	O
functionalities	O
carried	O
out	O
with	O
the	O
typical	O
performances	O
of	O
compiled	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Among	O
the	O
packages	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
users	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
is	O
"	O
Modeleasy	O
"	O
,	O
originally	O
developed	O
as	O
"	O
FEDeasy	O
"	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1970s	O
at	O
the	O
research	O
department	O
of	O
the	O
Federal	O
Reserve	O
Board	O
of	O
Governors	O
in	O
Washington	O
C	B-Language
..	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
symbol	O
:_	O
(	O
colon+underscore	O
)	O
is	O
both	O
the	O
Speakeasy	B-General_Concept
logo	O
and	O
the	O
prompt	O
of	O
the	O
interactive	O
session	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
its	O
own	O
name	O
tells	O
,	O
Speakeasy	B-General_Concept
was	O
aimed	O
to	O
expose	O
a	O
syntax	O
as	O
friendly	O
as	O
possible	O
to	O
the	O
user	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
close	O
as	O
possible	O
to	O
the	O
spoken	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Speakeasy	B-General_Concept
objects	O
)	O
are	O
given	O
a	O
name	O
up	O
to	O
255	O
character	O
long	O
,	O
when	O
LONGNAME	O
option	O
is	O
ON	O
,	O
up	O
to	O
8	O
characters	O
otherwise	O
(	O
for	O
backward	O
compatibility	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Speakeasy	B-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
vector-oriented	O
language	O
:	O
giving	O
a	O
structured	O
argument	O
to	O
a	O
function	O
of	O
a	O
scalar	O
,	O
the	O
result	O
is	O
usually	O
an	O
object	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
argument	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
each	O
element	O
is	O
the	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
function	O
applied	O
to	O
the	O
corresponding	O
element	O
of	O
the	O
argument	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Within	O
this	O
fixed-size	O
work	O
area	O
,	O
the	O
Speakeasy	B-General_Concept
processor	O
dynamically	O
creates	O
and	O
destroys	O
the	O
work	O
objects	O
as	O
needed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Within	O
reasonable	O
conformity	O
and	O
compatibility	O
constraints	O
,	O
the	O
Speakeasy	B-General_Concept
objects	O
can	O
be	O
operated	O
on	O
using	O
the	O
same	O
algebraic	O
syntax	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
this	O
point	O
of	O
view	O
,	O
and	O
considering	O
the	O
dynamic	O
and	O
structured	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
held	O
in	O
the	O
"	O
named	O
storage	O
"	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
say	O
that	O
Speakeasy	B-General_Concept
since	O
the	O
beginning	O
implemented	O
a	O
very	O
raw	O
form	O
of	O
operator	O
overloading	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
pragmatic	O
approach	O
to	O
some	O
features	O
of	O
what	O
was	O
later	O
called	O
"	O
Object	B-Language
Oriented	I-Language
Programming	I-Language
"	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
evolve	O
further	O
in	O
that	O
direction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Speakeasy	B-General_Concept
provides	O
a	O
bunch	O
of	O
predefined	O
"	O
families	O
"	O
of	O
data	O
objects	O
:	O
scalars	O
,	O
arrays	O
(	O
up	O
to	O
15	O
dimensions	O
)	O
,	O
matrices	O
,	O
sets	O
,	O
time	O
series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
not	O
available	O
)	O
,	O
N.C.	O
(	O
not	O
computable	O
)	O
,	O
N.D.	O
(	O
not	O
defined	O
)	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
N.B.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
support	O
is	O
provided	O
for	O
logical	O
values	O
,	O
relational	O
operators	O
(	O
the	O
Fortran	B-Application
syntax	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
)	O
and	O
logical	O
expressions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
actually	O
Speakeasy	B-General_Concept
objects	O
,	O
which	O
must	O
be	O
defined	O
in	O
the	O
work	O
area	O
to	O
be	O
executed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Procedures	O
can	O
contain	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
execution	O
flow	O
control	O
constructs	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
Speakeasy	B-General_Concept
programming	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Speakeasy	B-General_Concept
programs	O
differs	O
from	O
the	O
other	O
procedures	O
for	O
being	O
executed	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
scoping	O
"	O
level	O
"	O
they	O
are	O
referenced	O
to	O
,	O
hence	O
they	O
have	O
full	O
visibility	O
of	O
all	O
the	O
objects	O
defined	O
at	O
that	O
level	O
,	O
and	O
all	O
the	O
objects	O
created	O
during	O
their	O
execution	O
will	O
be	O
left	O
there	O
for	O
subsequent	O
uses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
some	O
extent	O
,	O
Speakeasy	B-General_Concept
Subroutines	O
and	O
Functions	O
are	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
Fortran	B-Application
procedures	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
"	O
GO	O
TO	O
label	O
"	O
statement	O
is	O
provided	O
for	O
jumping	O
,	O
while	O
a	O
Fortran-like	O
computed	O
GO	O
TO	O
statement	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
fort	O
multiple	O
branching	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linkules	O
are	O
functions	O
usually	O
written	O
in	O
Fortran	B-Application
(	O
or	O
,	O
unsupportedly	O
,	O
in	O
C	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
aid	O
of	O
Mortran	B-Language
or	O
C	B-Language
macros	O
and	O
an	O
API	O
library	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
interface	O
the	O
Speakeasy	B-General_Concept
workarea	O
for	O
retrieving	O
,	O
defining	O
,	O
manipulating	O
any	O
Speakeasy	B-General_Concept
object	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
of	O
the	O
Speakeasy	B-General_Concept
operational	O
vocabulary	O
is	O
implemented	O
via	O
linkules	O
.	O
</s>
