<s>
The	O
Sony	B-Operating_System
NEWS	I-Operating_System
(	O
"	O
Network	O
Engineering	O
Workstation	B-Device
"	O
,	O
later	O
"	O
NetWorkStation	O
"	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
Unix	B-Device
workstations	I-Device
sold	O
during	O
the	O
late	O
1980s	O
and	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
NEWS	O
machine	O
was	O
the	O
NWS-800	O
,	O
which	O
originally	O
appeared	O
in	O
Japan	O
in	O
January	O
1987	O
and	O
was	O
conceived	O
as	O
a	O
desktop	O
replacement	O
for	O
the	O
VAX	B-Device
series	O
of	O
minicomputers	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sony	O
's	O
NEWS	O
project	O
leader	O
,	O
Toshitada	O
Doi	O
,	O
originally	O
wanted	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
computer	O
for	O
business	O
applications	O
,	O
but	O
his	O
engineers	O
wanted	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
replacement	O
for	O
minicomputers	B-Architecture
running	O
Unix	B-Application
that	O
they	O
preferred	O
to	O
use	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
launched	O
at	O
a	O
lower	O
price	O
than	O
competitors	O
(	O
–	O
16,300	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
outperformed	O
conventional	O
minicomputers	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
a	O
successful	O
launch	O
,	O
the	O
line	O
expanded	O
and	O
the	O
new	O
focus	O
for	O
the	O
NEWS	O
became	O
desktop	O
publishing	O
and	O
CAD/CAM	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1991	O
,	O
Sony	O
broadened	O
the	O
NEWS	O
range	O
with	O
the	O
3250	O
portable	O
workstation	B-Device
,	O
reportedly	O
described	O
in	O
product	O
literature	O
as	O
a	O
laptop	O
but	O
weighing	O
18	O
pounds	O
and	O
having	O
more	O
in	O
common	O
with	O
portable	O
computers	O
,	O
being	O
"	O
designed	O
to	O
be	O
set	O
up	O
on	O
a	O
desk	O
and	O
plugged	O
in	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
port	O
permitted	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
other	O
storage	O
devices	O
,	O
and	O
Ethernet	O
,	O
parallel	B-Device
and	O
serial	O
ports	O
were	O
provided	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
mouse	O
port	O
and	O
audio	O
in/out	O
ports	O
for	O
audio	O
processing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
terms	O
of	O
its	O
fundamental	O
computing	O
facilities	O
,	O
the	O
system	O
employed	O
a	O
20MHz	O
MIPS	B-Device
R3000	I-Device
CPU	O
with	O
R3010	B-Device
floating-point	O
coprocessor	O
,	O
offered	O
8MB	O
of	O
RAM	O
expandable	O
to	O
36MB	O
,	O
running	O
an	O
implementation	O
of	O
Unix	B-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
V	I-Operating_System
Release	O
4	O
and	O
providing	O
an	O
Open	B-Application
Software	I-Application
Foundation	I-Application
Motif	O
graphical	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
PlayStation	B-Device
development	O
kits	O
were	O
based	O
on	O
Sony	B-Operating_System
NEWS	I-Operating_System
hardware	O
,	O
with	O
added	O
Playstation	B-Device
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Sony	B-Operating_System
NEWS	I-Operating_System
was	O
unable	O
to	O
break	O
into	O
the	O
U.S.	O
market	O
,	O
where	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
was	O
dominant	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
did	O
not	O
fare	O
well	O
in	O
Europe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Sony	B-Operating_System
NEWS	I-Operating_System
originally	O
came	O
equipped	O
with	O
a	O
dual	O
680x0	B-Device
(	O
68020	B-Device
or	O
68030	B-Device
)	O
processor	O
configuration	O
running	O
at	O
16-25MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
,	O
the	O
Sony	B-Operating_System
NEWS	I-Operating_System
was	O
moved	O
to	O
the	O
MIPS	B-Device
architecture	I-Device
,	O
with	O
MIPS	B-Device
III	O
and	O
MIPS	B-Device
IV	O
microprocessors	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
R3000	B-Device
,	O
R4000	B-General_Concept
,	O
R4400	B-General_Concept
,	O
R4600	B-Device
,	O
R4700	B-Device
,	O
and	O
R10000	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
fastest	O
MIPS	B-Device
processors	O
used	O
in	O
Sony	B-Operating_System
NEWS	I-Operating_System
workstations	B-Device
run	O
at	O
200	O
MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
680x0	B-Device
and	O
MIPS	B-Device
models	O
share	O
the	O
same	O
case	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
a	O
large	O
door	O
covering	O
a	O
floppy	O
drive	O
and	O
a	O
5.25-in	O
expansion	O
bay	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
house	O
a	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
tape	O
or	O
CD-ROM	O
drive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
details	O
of	O
the	O
door	O
are	O
slightly	O
different	O
:	O
two	O
windows	O
for	O
the	O
680x0	B-Device
models	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
MIPS	B-Device
ones	O
have	O
a	O
single	O
large	O
window	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Underneath	O
those	O
are	O
connectors	O
for	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
,	O
network	O
(	O
an	O
AUI	B-Protocol
connector	O
)	O
,	O
serial	O
(	O
CH0	O
,	O
normally	O
used	O
for	O
console	O
,	O
and	O
CH1	O
)	O
,	O
parallel	B-Device
,	O
and	O
a	O
keyboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
,	O
the	O
Sony	B-Operating_System
NEWS	I-Operating_System
team	O
had	O
to	O
decide	O
which	O
version	O
of	O
Unix	B-Application
to	O
use	O
:	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
or	O
AT&T	B-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
V	I-Operating_System
.	O
The	O
project	O
leader	O
was	O
interested	O
in	O
the	O
potential	O
commercial	O
support	O
for	O
System	B-Operating_System
V	I-Operating_System
,	O
but	O
the	O
engineering	O
team	O
preferred	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
because	O
it	O
had	O
rich	O
networking	O
features	O
,	O
including	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eventually	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
was	O
chosen	O
because	O
they	O
believed	O
that	O
computer	B-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
would	O
be	O
important	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NEWS-OS	O
releases	O
were	O
based	O
on	O
three	O
different	O
versions	O
of	O
Unix	B-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
NEWS-OS	O
3.9	O
,	O
all	O
versions	O
of	O
NEWS-OS	O
were	O
released	O
exclusively	O
for	O
the	O
680x0	B-Device
series	O
of	O
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NEWS-OS	O
3.9	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
both	O
CISC	O
(	O
"	O
C	O
"	O
)	O
versions	O
and	O
RISC	O
(	O
"	O
R	O
"	O
)	O
versions	O
,	O
for	O
the	O
680x0	B-Device
and	O
the	O
MIPS	B-Device
architecture	I-Device
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yukihiro	O
Matsumoto	O
originally	O
implemented	O
the	O
Ruby	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
on	O
the	O
4.3BSD-based	O
NEWS-OS	O
3.x	O
,	O
but	O
later	O
migrated	O
his	O
work	O
to	O
SunOS	B-Operating_System
4.x	O
,	O
and	O
finally	O
to	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1999	O
,	O
Ruby	B-Language
was	O
known	O
to	O
work	O
across	O
many	O
different	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
,	O
including	O
NEWS-OS	O
.	O
</s>
