<s>
Software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
professionalism	I-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
movement	O
to	O
make	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
a	O
profession	O
,	O
with	O
aspects	O
such	O
as	O
degree	O
and	O
certification	O
programs	O
,	O
professional	O
associations	O
,	O
professional	O
ethics	O
,	O
and	O
government	O
licensing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1993	O
the	O
IEEE	O
and	O
ACM	O
began	O
a	O
joint	O
effort	O
called	O
JCESEP	O
,	O
which	O
evolved	O
into	O
SWECC	O
in	O
1998	O
to	O
explore	O
making	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
into	O
a	O
profession	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ACM	O
pulled	O
out	O
of	O
SWECC	O
in	O
May	O
1999	O
,	O
objecting	O
to	O
its	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
Texas	O
professionalization	O
efforts	O
,	O
of	O
having	O
state	O
licenses	O
for	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineers	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
ACM	O
determined	O
that	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
knowledge	O
and	O
practice	O
in	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
was	O
too	O
immature	O
to	O
warrant	O
licensing	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
IEEE	O
continued	O
to	O
support	O
making	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
a	O
branch	O
of	O
traditional	O
engineering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
by	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
(	O
1999	O
in	O
British	O
Columbia	O
)	O
the	O
discipline	O
of	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
as	O
a	O
professional	O
engineering	O
discipline	O
was	O
officially	O
created	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
has	O
caused	O
some	O
disputes	O
between	O
the	O
provincial	O
engineering	O
associations	O
and	O
companies	O
who	O
call	O
their	O
developers	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineers	I-General_Concept
,	O
even	O
though	O
these	O
developers	O
have	O
not	O
been	O
licensed	O
by	O
any	O
engineering	O
association	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1999	O
,	O
the	O
Panel	O
of	O
Software	B-General_Concept
Engineering	I-General_Concept
was	O
formed	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
settlement	O
between	O
Engineering	O
Canada	O
and	O
the	O
Memorial	O
University	O
of	O
Newfoundland	O
over	O
the	O
school	O
's	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
term	O
"	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
"	O
in	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
a	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Concerns	O
were	O
raised	O
over	O
inappropriate	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
name	O
"	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
"	O
to	O
describe	O
non-engineering	O
programs	O
could	O
lead	O
to	O
student	O
and	O
public	O
confusion	O
,	O
and	O
ultimately	O
threaten	O
public	O
safety	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Panel	O
issued	O
recommendations	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
Software	B-General_Concept
Engineering	I-General_Concept
Accreditation	O
Board	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
task	O
force	O
created	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
the	O
recommendations	O
were	O
unable	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
various	O
stakeholders	O
to	O
agree	O
to	O
concrete	O
proposals	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
separate	O
accreditation	O
boards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
ethics	O
is	O
a	O
large	O
field	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
some	O
ways	O
it	O
began	O
as	O
an	O
unrealistic	O
attempt	O
to	O
define	O
bugs	B-Error_Name
as	O
unethical	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
recently	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
defined	O
as	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
both	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
and	O
engineering	O
philosophy	O
,	O
principles	O
,	O
and	O
practices	O
to	O
the	O
design	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
software	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Software	B-General_Concept
Engineering	I-General_Concept
Code	O
of	O
Ethics	O
has	O
been	O
approved	O
by	O
the	O
ACM	O
and	O
the	O
IEEE-CS	O
as	O
the	O
standard	O
for	O
teaching	O
and	O
practicing	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
2	O
have	O
been	O
chosen	O
because	O
both	O
jurisdictions	O
have	O
a	O
designation	O
for	O
Professional	O
Software	B-General_Concept
Engineers	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
openly	O
questioned	O
the	O
goals	O
of	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
in	O
this	O
respect	O
,	O
asking	O
why	O
it	O
is	O
n't	O
trying	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
ethical	O
rather	O
than	O
more	O
efficient	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Overall	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
youth	O
of	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
,	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
ethical	O
codes	O
and	O
values	O
have	O
been	O
borrowed	O
from	O
other	O
fields	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
mechanical	O
and	O
civil	O
engineering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
means	O
the	O
ethical	O
codes	O
for	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
are	O
a	O
work	O
in	O
progress	O
,	O
that	O
will	O
change	O
and	O
update	O
as	O
more	O
questions	O
arise	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contents	O
of	O
the	O
exam	O
centered	O
around	O
the	O
SWEBOK	O
(	O
Software	B-General_Concept
Engineering	I-General_Concept
Body	O
of	O
Knowledge	O
)	O
guide	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
additional	O
emphasis	O
on	O
Professional	O
Practices	O
and	O
Software	B-General_Concept
Engineering	I-General_Concept
Economics	I-General_Concept
knowledge	O
areas	O
(	O
KAs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
motivation	O
was	O
to	O
produce	O
a	O
structure	O
at	O
an	O
international	O
level	O
for	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
's	O
knowledge	O
areas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Software	B-General_Concept
engineers	I-General_Concept
would	O
have	O
to	O
study	O
years	O
of	O
calculus	O
,	O
physics	O
,	O
and	O
chemistry	O
to	O
pass	O
the	O
exams	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
irrelevant	O
to	O
most	O
software	O
practitioners	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
majors	O
do	O
n't	O
earn	O
degrees	O
in	O
engineering	O
schools	O
,	O
so	O
they	O
are	O
probably	O
unqualified	O
to	O
pass	O
engineering	O
exams	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Bureau	O
of	O
Labor	O
Statistics	O
(	O
BLS	O
)	O
classifies	O
computer	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineers	I-General_Concept
as	O
a	O
subcategory	O
of	O
"	O
computer	O
specialists	O
"	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
occupations	O
such	O
as	O
computer	O
scientist	O
,	O
Programmer	O
,	O
Database	O
administrator	O
and	O
Network	O
administrator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2013	O
the	O
National	O
Council	O
of	O
Examiners	O
for	O
Engineering	O
and	O
Surveying	O
(	O
NCEES	O
)	O
began	O
offering	O
a	O
Professional	O
Engineer	O
(	O
PE	O
)	O
exam	O
for	O
Software	B-General_Concept
Engineering	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Texas	O
Donald	O
Bagert	O
of	O
Texas	O
became	O
the	O
first	O
professional	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineer	I-General_Concept
in	O
the	O
U.S.	O
on	O
September	O
4	O
,	O
1998	O
or	O
October	O
9	O
,	O
1998	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
May	O
2002	O
,	O
Texas	O
had	O
issued	O
44	O
professional	O
engineering	O
licenses	O
for	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineers	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rochester	O
Institute	O
of	O
Technology	O
granted	O
the	O
first	O
Software	B-General_Concept
Engineering	I-General_Concept
bachelor	O
's	O
degrees	O
in	O
2001	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IT	O
professionals	O
with	O
degrees	O
in	O
other	O
fields	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
or	O
information	O
systems	O
)	O
are	O
restricted	O
from	O
using	O
the	O
title	O
Software	B-General_Concept
Engineer	I-General_Concept
,	O
or	O
wording	O
Software	B-General_Concept
Engineer	I-General_Concept
in	O
a	O
title	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
their	O
province	O
or	O
territory	O
of	O
residence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
Canadians	O
who	O
earn	O
professional	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
licenses	O
study	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
,	O
computer	O
engineering	O
or	O
electrical	O
engineering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
times	O
these	O
people	O
already	O
qualified	O
to	O
become	O
professional	O
engineers	O
in	O
their	O
own	O
fields	O
but	O
choose	O
to	O
be	O
licensed	O
as	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineers	I-General_Concept
to	O
differentiate	O
themselves	O
from	O
computer	B-General_Concept
scientists	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
person	O
must	O
be	O
granted	O
the	O
“	O
professional	O
engineer	O
”	O
licence	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
practise	O
professional	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
as	O
a	O
Professional	O
Engineer	O
in	O
Ontario	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
graduates	O
of	O
Software	B-General_Concept
Engineering	I-General_Concept
programs	O
are	O
unable	O
to	O
obtain	O
the	O
PEO	O
licence	O
since	O
the	O
work	O
they	O
qualify	O
for	O
after	O
graduation	O
as	O
entry-level	O
is	O
not	O
related	O
to	O
engineering	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
Software	B-General_Concept
Engineering	I-General_Concept
programs	O
in	O
Ontario	O
and	O
other	O
provinces	O
involve	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
courses	O
in	O
electrical	O
,	O
electronics	O
,	O
and	O
computers	O
engineering	O
qualifying	O
the	O
graduates	O
to	O
even	O
work	O
in	O
those	O
fields	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
person	O
must	O
be	O
granted	O
the	O
“	O
engineer	O
”	O
licence	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
right	O
to	O
practise	O
professional	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
in	O
Quebec	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
universities’	O
"	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
"	O
programmes	O
are	O
under	O
the	O
engineering	O
faculty	O
and	O
therefore	O
qualify	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Waterloo	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Others	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Toronto	O
have	O
"	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
"	O
in	O
the	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
faculty	O
which	O
does	O
not	O
qualify	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Computer	B-General_Concept
Science	I-General_Concept
"	O
degrees	O
,	O
even	O
those	O
with	O
specialties	O
in	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
,	O
do	O
not	O
have	O
to	O
meet	O
these	O
requirements	O
so	O
the	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
departments	O
can	O
generally	O
teach	O
a	O
wider	O
variety	O
of	O
topics	O
and	O
students	O
can	O
graduate	O
without	O
specific	O
courses	O
required	O
to	O
pursue	O
a	O
career	O
as	O
a	O
professional	O
engineer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
is	O
taught	O
in	O
Computer	B-General_Concept
Science	I-General_Concept
departments	O
in	O
Icelandic	O
universities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
title	O
is	O
awarded	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
obtained	O
a	O
BSc	O
degree	O
in	O
Computer	B-General_Concept
Science	I-General_Concept
from	O
a	O
recognized	O
higher	O
educational	O
institution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
New	O
Zealand	O
,	O
the	O
Institution	O
of	O
Professional	O
Engineers	O
New	O
Zealand	O
(	O
IPENZ	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
licenses	O
and	O
regulates	O
the	O
country	O
's	O
chartered	O
engineers	O
(	O
CPEng	O
)	O
,	O
recognizes	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
as	O
a	O
legitimate	O
branch	O
of	O
professional	O
engineering	O
and	O
accepts	O
application	O
of	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineers	I-General_Concept
to	O
obtain	O
chartered	O
status	O
provided	O
they	O
have	O
a	O
tertiary	O
degree	O
of	O
approved	O
subjects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Software	B-General_Concept
Engineering	I-General_Concept
is	O
included	O
whereas	O
Computer	B-General_Concept
Science	I-General_Concept
is	O
normally	O
not	O
.	O
</s>
