<s>
Software	B-Application
Ecosystem	I-Application
is	O
a	O
book	O
written	O
by	O
David	O
G	O
.	O
Messerschmitt	O
and	O
Clemens	O
Szyperski	O
that	O
explains	O
the	O
essence	O
and	O
effects	O
of	O
a	O
"	O
software	B-Application
ecosystem	I-Application
"	O
,	O
defined	O
as	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
businesses	O
functioning	O
as	O
a	O
unit	O
and	O
interacting	O
with	O
a	O
shared	O
market	O
for	O
software	O
and	O
services	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
relationships	O
among	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
relationships	O
are	O
frequently	O
underpinned	O
by	O
a	O
common	O
technological	B-Device
platform	I-Device
and	O
operate	O
through	O
the	O
exchange	O
of	O
information	O
,	O
resources	O
,	O
and	O
artifacts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
software	O
analysis	O
,	O
the	O
term	O
software	B-Application
ecosystem	I-Application
is	O
defined	O
by	O
Lungu	O
as	O
“	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
software	O
projects	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
developed	O
and	O
co-evolve	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
environment	O
”	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
environment	O
can	O
be	O
organizational	O
(	O
a	O
company	O
)	O
,	O
social	O
(	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
community	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
technical	O
(	O
the	O
Ruby	B-Language
ecosystem	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
