<s>
The	O
Software	B-Device
Tools	I-Device
Users	I-Device
Group	I-Device
(	O
STUG	O
)	O
was	O
a	O
technical	O
organization	O
started	O
in	O
1976	O
,	O
in	O
parallel	O
with	O
Usenix	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
STUG	O
goal	O
was	O
to	O
develop	O
a	O
powerful	O
and	O
portable	O
Unix-like	O
system	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
implemented	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
virtually	O
any	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
providing	O
the	O
capabilities	O
and	O
features	O
of	O
Unix	B-Application
in	O
a	O
non-proprietary	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
its	O
focus	O
on	O
building	O
clean	O
,	O
portable	O
,	O
reusable	O
code	O
shared	O
amongst	O
multiple	O
applications	O
and	O
runnable	O
on	O
any	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
Software	O
Tools	O
movement	O
reestablished	O
the	O
tradition	O
of	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
and	O
the	O
concepts	O
of	O
empowering	O
users	O
to	O
define	O
,	O
develop	O
,	O
control	O
,	O
and	O
freely	O
distribute	O
their	O
computing	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1976	O
,	O
Brian	O
Kernighan	O
(	O
then	O
of	O
Bell	O
Labs	O
)	O
and	O
P	O
.	O
J	O
.	O
Plauger	O
published	O
Software	O
Tools	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
of	O
their	O
books	O
on	O
programming	O
inspired	O
by	O
the	O
recent	O
creation	O
of	O
the	O
Unix	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
by	O
Kernighan	O
's	O
colleagues	O
at	O
Bell	O
Labs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
"	O
Software	O
Tools	O
"	O
series	O
spread	O
the	O
essence	O
of	O
"	O
C/Unix	O
thinking	O
"	O
with	O
makeovers	O
for	O
Fortran	B-Application
and	O
Pascal	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kernighan	O
's	O
Ratfor	B-Language
(	O
rational	O
FORTRAN	B-Application
preprocessor	O
)	O
was	O
eventually	O
put	O
in	O
the	O
public	O
domain	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
expanded	O
the	O
initial	O
set	O
of	O
a	O
few	O
dozen	O
tools	O
from	O
the	O
book	O
into	O
an	O
entire	O
Virtual	O
Operating	B-General_Concept
System	I-General_Concept
(	O
VOS	O
)	O
,	O
providing	O
an	O
almost	O
complete	O
set	O
of	O
the	O
Unix	B-Application
tools	O
,	O
a	O
Unix-like	O
programming	O
library	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
interface	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
implemented	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
virtually	O
any	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Their	O
work	O
generated	O
ports	O
of	O
the	O
software	O
to	O
over	O
50	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
and	O
a	O
users	O
group	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
2000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scherrer	O
,	O
also	O
on	O
the	O
Usenix	B-Operating_System
Board	O
at	O
the	O
Time	O
,	O
established	O
and	O
coordinated	O
the	O
Software	B-Device
Tools	I-Device
Users	I-Device
Group	I-Device
,	O
aligning	O
itself	O
with	O
Usenix	B-Operating_System
Starting	O
in	O
1979	O
,	O
STUG	O
and	O
Usenix	B-Operating_System
held	O
parallel	O
conferences	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
STUG	O
also	O
coordinated	O
with	O
the	O
European	O
Unix	B-Application
Users	O
Group	O
and	O
spawned	O
similar	O
groups	O
in	O
other	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
24	O
,	O
1996	O
,	O
Scherrer	O
's	O
,	O
Hall	O
's	O
,	O
and	O
Sventek	O
's	O
work	O
was	O
recognized	O
with	O
a	O
USENIX	B-Operating_System
Lifetime	O
Achievement	O
Award	O
(	O
“	O
The	O
Flame	O
”	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1993	O
Scherrer	O
had	O
previously	O
been	O
honored	O
with	O
a	O
“	O
UNIX	B-Application
Academic	O
Driver	O
”	O
award	O
presented	O
by	O
Bell	O
Labs	O
,	O
for	O
“	O
Outstanding	O
Contributions	O
to	O
the	O
UNIX	B-Application
community	O
”	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Her	O
work	O
included	O
the	O
Software	O
Tools	O
movement	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
contributions	O
to	O
USENIX	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
USENIX	B-Operating_System
STUG	O
Lifetime	O
Achievement	O
Award	O
includes	O
the	O
names	O
of	O
many	O
,	O
but	O
certainly	O
not	O
all	O
,	O
major	O
contributors	O
to	O
the	O
Software	O
Tools	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
late-1980s	O
,	O
Unix	B-Application
was	O
becoming	O
more	O
available	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
had	O
taken	O
over	O
the	O
PC	O
market	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
the	O
VOS	O
environment	O
started	O
to	O
subside	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
STUG	O
group	O
decided	O
to	O
discontinue	O
,	O
choosing	O
to	O
donate	O
the	O
group	O
's	O
financial	O
legacy	O
to	O
endow	O
a	O
yearly	O
USENIX	B-Operating_System
“	O
STUG	O
Award	O
”	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
award	O
“	O
recognizes	O
significant	O
contributions	O
to	O
the	O
community	O
that	O
reflect	O
the	O
spirit	O
and	O
character	O
demonstrated	O
by	O
those	O
who	O
came	O
together	O
in	O
the	O
Software	B-Device
Tools	I-Device
Users	I-Device
Group	I-Device
.	O
</s>
