<s>
The	O
snow	B-Algorithm
plow	I-Algorithm
routing	I-Algorithm
problem	I-Algorithm
is	O
an	O
application	O
of	O
the	O
structure	O
of	O
Arc	B-Protocol
Routing	I-Protocol
Problems	I-Protocol
(	O
ARPs	O
)	O
and	O
Vehicle	B-Algorithm
Routing	I-Algorithm
Problems	I-Algorithm
(	O
VRPs	O
)	O
to	O
snow	O
removal	O
that	O
considers	O
roads	O
as	O
edges	O
of	O
a	O
graph	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Mixed	B-Protocol
Chinese	I-Protocol
Postman	I-Protocol
Problem	I-Protocol
is	O
applicable	O
to	O
snow	O
routes	O
where	O
directed	O
edges	O
represent	O
one-way	O
streets	O
and	O
undirected	O
edges	O
represent	O
two-way	O
streets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
routing	O
and	O
scheduling	O
of	O
snow	O
removal	O
vehicles	O
is	O
an	O
important	O
topic	O
for	O
transportation	O
planners	O
and	O
operation	O
researchers	O
This	O
set	O
of	O
problems	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
larger	O
field	O
of	O
problems	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
Arc	B-Protocol
Routing	I-Protocol
Problems	I-Protocol
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
a	O
larger	O
field	O
named	O
Vehicle	B-Algorithm
Routing	I-Algorithm
Problems	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vehicle	B-Algorithm
routing	I-Algorithm
and	O
scheduling	O
include	O
snow	O
removal	O
,	O
a	O
postman	O
delivering	O
the	O
mail	O
,	O
meter	O
reading	O
to	O
collect	O
money	O
for	O
the	O
city	O
,	O
school	O
bus	O
routing	O
,	O
garbage	O
waste	O
and	O
refuse	O
collection	O
,	O
and	O
street	O
maintenance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
problem	O
of	O
snow	O
vehicle	B-Algorithm
routing	I-Algorithm
incorporates	O
higher	O
salaries	O
for	O
vehicle	O
drivers	O
and	O
high	O
fuel	O
costs	O
and	O
high	O
costs	O
of	O
purchasing	O
and	O
maintaining	O
snow	O
vehicles	O
.	O
</s>
