<s>
An	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
(	O
IWB	O
)	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
board	O
or	O
smart	O
board	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
large	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
display	O
board	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
factor	O
of	O
a	O
whiteboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
either	O
be	O
a	O
standalone	O
touchscreen	B-Device
computer	I-Device
used	O
independently	O
to	O
perform	O
tasks	O
and	O
operations	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
connectable	O
apparatus	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
touchpad	B-Application
to	O
control	O
computers	O
from	O
a	O
projector	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
settings	O
,	O
including	O
classrooms	O
at	O
all	O
levels	O
of	O
education	O
,	O
in	O
corporate	O
board	O
rooms	O
and	O
work	O
groups	O
,	O
in	O
training	O
rooms	O
for	O
professional	O
sports	O
coaching	O
,	O
in	O
broadcasting	B-Operating_System
studios	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
were	O
designed	O
and	O
manufactured	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
the	O
office	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
industry	O
was	O
expected	O
to	O
reach	O
sales	O
of	O
US$1	O
billion	O
worldwide	O
by	O
2008	O
;	O
one	O
of	O
every	O
seven	O
classrooms	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
was	O
expected	O
to	O
feature	O
an	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
by	O
2011	O
according	O
to	O
market	O
research	O
by	O
Futuresource	O
Consulting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2004	O
,	O
26%	O
of	O
British	O
primary	O
classrooms	O
had	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
2008	O
,	O
the	O
average	O
numbers	O
of	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
rose	O
in	O
both	O
primary	O
schools	O
(	O
18	O
compared	O
with	O
just	O
over	O
six	O
in	O
2005	O
,	O
and	O
eight	O
in	O
the	O
2007	O
survey	O
)	O
and	O
secondary	O
schools	O
(	O
38	O
,	O
compared	O
with	O
18	O
in	O
2005	O
and	O
22	O
in	O
2007	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
(	O
IWB	O
)	O
device	O
can	O
either	O
be	O
a	O
standalone	O
computer	O
or	O
a	O
large	O
,	O
functioning	O
touchpad	B-Application
for	O
computers	O
to	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
device	B-Application
driver	I-Application
is	O
usually	O
installed	O
on	O
the	O
attached	O
computer	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
can	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
Human	O
Input	O
Device	O
(	O
HID	O
)	O
,	O
like	O
a	O
mouse	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
computer	O
's	O
video	O
output	O
is	O
connected	O
to	O
a	O
digital	B-Device
projector	I-Device
so	O
that	O
images	O
may	O
be	O
projected	O
on	O
the	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
surface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
text	O
input	O
is	O
required	O
,	O
user	O
can	O
invoke	O
an	O
on-screen	O
keyboard	O
or	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
whiteboard	O
software	O
provides	O
for	O
this	O
,	O
utilize	O
handwriting	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uses	O
for	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
may	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Running	O
software	O
that	O
is	O
loaded	O
onto	O
the	O
connected	O
PC	B-Device
,	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
or	O
other	O
software	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
classroom	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
are	O
an	O
infrared	O
scan	O
technology	O
;	O
a	O
resistive	O
,	O
touch-based	O
board	O
;	O
an	O
electromagnetic	O
pen	O
and	O
associated	O
software	O
;	O
and	O
an	O
ultrasonic	B-Application
pen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
infrared	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
is	O
a	O
large	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
display	O
that	O
connects	O
to	O
a	O
computer	O
and	O
projector	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
whiteboard	O
surface	O
is	O
pressed	O
,	O
software	O
triangulates	O
the	O
location	O
of	O
the	O
marker	O
or	O
stylus	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Infrared	O
IWBs	O
may	O
be	O
made	O
of	O
any	O
material	O
,	O
no	O
dry-erase	O
markers	O
are	O
involved	O
,	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
many	O
settings	O
,	O
including	O
various	O
levels	O
of	O
classroom	O
education	O
,	O
corporate	O
boardrooms	O
,	O
training	O
or	O
activity	O
rooms	O
for	O
organizations	O
,	O
professional	O
sports	O
coaching	O
facilities	O
,	O
and	O
broadcasting	B-Operating_System
studios	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
electromagnetic	O
pen-based	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
involves	O
an	O
array	O
of	O
wires	O
embedded	O
behind	O
the	O
solid	O
board	O
surface	O
that	O
interacts	O
with	O
a	O
coil	O
in	O
the	O
stylus	B-Device
tip	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
horizontal	O
and	O
vertical	O
coordinates	O
of	O
the	O
stylus	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
a	O
scaled-up	O
version	O
of	O
a	O
graphics	B-Device
tablet	I-Device
used	O
by	O
professional	O
digital	O
artists	O
and	O
designers	O
,	O
an	O
electromagnetic	O
IWB	O
can	O
emulate	O
mouse	O
actions	O
accurately	O
,	O
will	O
not	O
malfunction	O
if	O
a	O
user	O
leans	O
on	O
the	O
board	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
potentially	O
handle	O
multiple	O
inputs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
technology	O
uses	O
infrared	O
light	O
and	O
ultrasound	B-Application
positioning	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
portable	O
IR	O
pen-based	O
whiteboard	O
works	O
on	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
surfaces	O
—	O
an	O
existing	O
whiteboard	O
,	O
a	O
flat	O
wall	O
,	O
even	O
a	O
chalkboard	O
with	O
dry-erase	O
paint	O
,	O
transforms	O
those	O
surface	O
into	O
an	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Wii-based	O
IR	O
system	O
was	O
invented	O
by	O
Johnny	O
Chung	O
Lee	O
,	O
PhD	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lee	O
claimed	O
that	O
the	O
system	O
"	O
Makes	O
a	O
technology	O
available	O
to	O
a	O
much	O
wider	O
percentage	O
of	O
the	O
population	O
"	O
(	O
Speaking	O
at	O
TED	O
,	O
April	O
2008	O
)	O
by	O
using	O
an	O
ordinary	O
Wii	B-Device
remote	I-Device
control	O
as	O
a	O
pointer	O
and	O
the	O
IR	O
camera	O
on	O
the	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
remote	O
control	O
as	O
tracking	O
device	O
sensing	O
light	O
from	O
an	O
IR	O
light	O
pen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
projector	B-Device
IWB	O
involves	O
a	O
CMOS	B-Device
camera	O
built	O
into	O
the	O
projector	B-Device
,	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
projector	B-Device
produces	O
the	O
IWB	O
image	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
detects	O
the	O
position	O
of	O
an	O
active	O
IR	O
light	O
pen	O
when	O
it	O
contacts	O
the	O
surface	O
where	O
the	O
image	O
is	O
projected	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
solution	O
,	O
developed	O
in	O
2007	O
and	O
patented	O
in	O
2010	O
by	O
U.S.	O
manufacturer	O
Boxlight	O
,	O
like	O
the	O
other	O
IR	O
whiteboard	O
systems	O
,	O
can	O
suffer	O
from	O
potential	O
problems	O
caused	O
by	O
'	O
line	O
of	O
sight	O
 '	O
between	O
the	O
pen	O
and	O
the	O
projector/receiver	O
and	O
,	O
like	O
them	O
also	O
,	O
does	O
not	O
provide	O
mouse-over	O
capability	O
found	O
in	O
other	O
solutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
some	O
classrooms	O
,	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
have	O
replaced	O
traditional	O
whiteboards	O
or	O
flipcharts	O
,	O
or	O
video/media	O
systems	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
DVD	B-Device
player	I-Device
and	O
TV	O
combination	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
other	O
cases	O
,	O
IWBs	O
interact	O
with	O
online	O
shared	O
annotation	O
and	O
drawing	O
environments	O
such	O
as	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
vector	O
based	O
graphical	O
websites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
companies	O
and	O
projects	O
now	O
focus	O
on	O
creating	O
supplemental	O
instructional	O
materials	O
specifically	O
designed	O
for	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mimic	O
books	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
allow	O
teachers	O
to	O
project	O
children	O
's	O
books	O
onto	O
the	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
with	O
book-like	O
interactivity	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
manufacturers	O
also	O
provide	O
classroom	O
response	O
systems	O
as	O
an	O
integrated	O
part	O
of	O
their	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
combining	O
classroom	O
response	O
with	O
an	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
system	O
,	O
teachers	O
can	O
present	O
material	O
and	O
receive	O
feedback	O
from	O
students	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
direct	O
instruction	O
more	O
effectively	O
or	O
else	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
formal	O
assessments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
student	O
may	O
both	O
solve	O
a	O
puzzle	O
involving	O
math	O
concepts	O
on	O
the	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
and	O
later	O
demonstrate	O
his	O
or	O
her	O
knowledge	O
on	O
a	O
test	O
delivered	O
via	O
the	O
classroom	O
response	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
findings	O
of	O
a	O
study	O
conducted	O
by	O
the	O
London	O
Institute	O
of	O
Education	O
with	O
the	O
funding	O
of	O
the	O
DfES	O
evaluated	O
the	O
educational	O
and	O
operational	O
effectiveness	O
of	O
the	O
London	O
Challenge	O
element	O
of	O
the	O
adoption	O
of	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
in	O
the	O
London	O
area	O
under	O
a	O
program	B-Application
called	O
"	O
the	O
Schools	O
Whiteboard	O
Expansion	O
project.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
Key	O
Stage	O
3	O
,	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
here	O
associated	O
with	O
little	O
significant	O
impact	O
on	O
student	O
performance	O
in	O
Mathematics	O
and	O
English	O
and	O
only	O
a	O
slight	O
improvement	O
in	O
Science	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
same	O
schools	O
,	O
at	O
Key	O
Stage	O
4	O
,	O
use	O
of	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
have	O
negative	O
effects	O
for	O
Mathematics	O
and	O
Science	O
,	O
but	O
positive	O
effects	O
for	O
English	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
evidence	O
of	O
improved	O
performance	O
gains	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
BECTA	O
(	O
UK	O
)	O
commissioned	O
a	O
study	O
into	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
Interactive	B-General_Concept
Whiteboards	O
over	O
a	O
two-year	O
period	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Between	O
2003	O
and	O
2004	O
,	O
The	O
DfES	O
Primary	O
Schools	O
Whiteboard	O
Expansion	O
project	O
(	O
PSWE	O
)	O
provided	O
substantial	O
funding	O
to	O
21	O
local	O
authorities	O
for	O
the	O
acquisition	O
and	O
use	O
of	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
in	O
UK	O
primary	O
schools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Variables	O
considered	O
in	O
the	O
research	O
included	O
length	O
of	O
exposure	O
to	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
technology	O
,	O
the	O
age	O
of	O
pupils	O
(	O
down	O
to	O
individual	O
birthdays	O
)	O
,	O
gender	O
,	O
special	O
needs	O
,	O
entitlement	O
to	O
free	O
schools	O
meals	O
and	O
other	O
socio-economic	O
groupings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
date	O
it	O
is	O
the	O
largest	O
and	O
longest	O
study	O
conducted	O
into	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
principal	O
finding	O
of	O
this	O
large-scale	O
study	O
was	O
that	O
,	O
"[w]hen	O
teachers	O
have	O
used	O
an	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
for	O
a	O
considerable	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
(	O
by	O
the	O
autumn	O
of	O
2006	O
for	O
at	O
least	O
two	O
years	O
)	O
its	O
use	O
becomes	O
embedded	O
in	O
their	O
pedagogy	O
as	O
a	O
mediating	O
artefact	O
for	O
their	O
interactions	O
with	O
their	O
pupils	O
,	O
and	O
pupils	O
 '	O
interactions	O
with	O
one	O
another.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
authors	O
of	O
the	O
study	O
argued	O
that	O
"	O
mediating	O
interactivity	B-General_Concept
"	O
is	O
a	O
sound	O
concept	O
,	O
offering	O
"	O
a	O
...	O
theoretical	O
explanation	O
for	O
the	O
way	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
multi-level	O
modelling	O
(	O
MLM	O
)	O
analyses	O
link	O
the	O
length	O
of	O
time	O
pupils	O
have	O
been	O
taught	O
with	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
to	O
greater	O
progress	O
in	O
national	O
test	O
scores	O
year	O
on	O
year.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
research	O
showed	O
that	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
technology	O
led	O
to	O
consistent	O
gains	O
across	O
all	O
key	O
stages	O
and	O
subjects	O
with	O
increasingly	O
significant	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
second	O
cohorts	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
embedding	O
of	O
the	O
technology	O
into	O
the	O
classroom	O
and	O
teacher	O
experience	O
with	O
the	O
technology	O
are	O
key	O
factors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Key	O
Stage	O
2	O
Maths	O
,	O
average	O
and	O
high	O
attaining	O
boys	O
and	O
girls	O
who	O
had	O
been	O
taught	O
extensively	O
with	O
the	O
Interactive	B-General_Concept
Whiteboard	O
made	O
the	O
equivalent	O
of	O
an	O
extra	O
2.5	O
to	O
5	O
months	O
progress	O
over	O
the	O
course	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Glover	O
&	O
Miller	O
conducted	O
a	O
study	O
on	O
the	O
pedagogic	O
impact	O
of	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
in	O
a	O
secondary	O
school	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
found	O
that	O
although	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
are	O
theoretically	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
computer	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
only	O
being	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
adjunct	O
to	O
teaching	O
its	O
potential	O
remains	O
unrealized	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
recent	O
times	O
,	O
manufacturers	O
of	O
IWB	O
technology	O
have	O
been	O
setting	O
up	O
various	O
online	O
support	O
communities	O
for	O
teachers	O
and	O
educational	O
institutions	O
deploying	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
in	O
learning	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
websites	O
regularly	O
contribute	O
research	O
findings	O
and	O
administer	O
free	O
whiteboard	O
lessons	O
to	O
promote	O
widespread	O
use	O
of	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
in	O
classrooms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
using	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
promotes	O
collaboration	O
among	O
students	O
and	O
group	O
discussion	O
and	O
participation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
argue	O
that	O
the	O
most	O
ubiquitous	O
device-of-the-future	O
,	O
the	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
-	O
essentially	O
a	O
giant	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
computer	O
screen	O
that	O
is	O
usurping	O
blackboards	O
in	O
classrooms	O
across	O
America	O
-	O
locks	O
teachers	O
into	O
a	O
19th-century	O
lecture	O
style	O
of	O
instruction	O
counter	O
to	O
the	O
more	O
collaborative	O
small-group	O
models	O
that	O
many	O
reformers	O
favor.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
There	O
is	O
hardly	O
any	O
research	O
that	O
will	O
show	O
clearly	O
that	O
any	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
will	O
improve	O
academic	O
achievement.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
article	O
posted	O
on	O
the	O
National	O
Association	O
of	O
Secondary	O
School	O
Principals	O
web	O
site	O
details	O
pros	O
&	O
cons	O
of	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
report	O
on	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
from	O
London	O
's	O
Institute	O
of	O
Education	O
said	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
The	O
focus	O
on	O
interactivity	B-General_Concept
as	O
a	O
technical	O
process	O
can	O
lead	O
to	O
some	O
relatively	O
mundane	O
activities	O
being	O
over-valued	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
an	O
emphasis	O
on	O
interactivity	B-General_Concept
was	O
particularly	O
prevalent	O
in	O
classes	O
with	O
lower-ability	O
students.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
literature	O
reviews	O
,	O
findings	O
and	O
papers	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
in	O
the	O
classroom	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Beyond	O
the	O
wow	O
factor	O
:	O
developing	O
interactivity	B-General_Concept
with	O
the	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Glover	O
,	O
D.	O
,	O
&	O
Miller	O
,	O
D.	O
,	O
Averis	O
,	O
D.	O
,	O
&	O
Door	O
,	O
V	O
.	O
(	O
2005	O
)	O
The	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
:	O
a	O
literature	O
survey	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Use	O
of	O
an	O
Interactive	B-General_Concept
Whiteboard	O
in	O
promoting	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
teaching	O
and	O
learning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
:	O
boon	O
or	O
bandwagon	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
Interactive	B-General_Concept
Whiteboards	O
for	O
Education	O
:	O
Theory	O
,	O
Research	O
and	O
Practice	O
(	O
Hershey	O
,	O
PA	O
:	O
IGI	O
Global	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Interactive	B-General_Concept
Whiteboards	O
in	O
Australasia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dostál	O
,	O
J	O
.	O
Reflections	O
on	O
the	O
Use	O
of	O
Interactive	B-General_Concept
Whiteboards	O
in	O
Instruction	O
in	O
International	O
Context	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
may	O
use	O
one	O
of	O
several	O
types	O
of	O
sensing	O
technology	O
to	O
track	O
interaction	O
on	O
the	O
screen	O
surface	O
:	O
resistive	O
,	O
electromagnetic	O
,	O
infrared	O
optical	O
,	O
laser	O
,	O
ultra-sonic	O
,	O
and	O
camera-based	O
(	O
optical	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Resistive	O
–	O
Resistive	O
touchscreens	B-Device
are	O
composed	O
of	O
two	O
flexible	O
sheets	O
coated	O
with	O
a	O
resistive	O
material	O
and	O
separated	O
by	O
a	O
microthin	O
air	O
gap	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
contact	O
is	O
made	O
to	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
the	O
touchscreen	B-Device
,	O
the	O
two	O
sheets	O
are	O
pressed	O
together	O
,	O
registering	O
the	O
precise	O
location	O
of	O
the	O
touch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
technology	O
allows	O
one	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
finger	O
,	O
a	O
stylus	B-Device
,	O
or	O
any	O
other	O
pointing	O
device	O
on	O
the	O
surface	O
of	O
the	O
board	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Active	O
Electromagnetic	O
Board	O
–	O
These	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
feature	O
an	O
array	O
of	O
wires	O
embedded	O
behind	O
the	O
board	O
surface	O
interacts	O
with	O
a	O
coil	O
in	O
the	O
stylus	B-Device
tip	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
(	O
X	O
,	O
Y	O
)	O
coordinate	O
of	O
the	O
stylus	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Software	O
then	O
manipulates	O
the	O
information	O
to	O
triangulate	B-Algorithm
the	O
location	O
of	O
the	O
marker	O
or	O
stylus	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
technology	O
allows	O
whiteboards	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
of	O
any	O
material	O
;	O
with	O
this	O
system	O
no	O
dry-erase	O
marker	O
or	O
stylus	B-Device
is	O
needed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
laser	O
beam	O
sweeps	O
across	O
the	O
whiteboard	O
surface	O
—	O
much	O
like	O
a	O
lighthouse	B-Application
sweeps	O
light	O
across	O
the	O
ocean	O
—	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
rotating	O
mirror	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Reflectors	O
on	O
the	O
stylus	B-Device
or	O
marker	O
reflect	O
the	O
laser	O
beam	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
source	O
and	O
the	O
(	O
X	O
,	O
Y	O
)	O
position	O
can	O
be	O
triangulated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Projector/Laser	O
light	O
curtain	O
–	O
A	O
dual	O
infrared	O
laser	O
device	O
is	O
positioned	O
in	O
the	O
top	O
middle	O
area	O
of	O
a	O
flat	O
surface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
projector	B-Device
,	O
usually	O
an	O
ultra	O
short	O
throw	O
projector	B-Device
)	O
has	O
a	O
built	O
in	O
camera	O
with	O
an	O
infrared	O
filter	O
that	O
scans	O
the	O
projected	O
area	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Camera	O
Pen	O
and	O
Dot	O
Pattern	O
–	O
These	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
have	O
a	O
microscopic	O
dot	O
pattern	O
embedded	O
in	O
the	O
writing	O
surface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wii	B-Device
Remote	I-Device
IWB	O
–	O
A	O
Wii	B-Device
Remote	I-Device
is	O
connected	O
to	O
a	O
computer	O
through	O
its	O
Bluetooth	O
connection	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
open-source	O
software	O
and	O
an	O
IR-Pen	O
(	O
a	O
pen	O
made	O
with	O
a	O
momentary	O
switch	O
,	O
power	O
source	O
and	O
an	O
Infrared	O
Led	O
)	O
any	O
surface	O
(	O
desk/floor/wall/whiteboard/LCD	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
turned	O
into	O
an	O
Interactive	B-General_Concept
Whiteboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Being	O
more	O
portable	O
and	O
typically	O
more	O
affordable	O
,	O
BoardShare	O
is	O
a	O
completely	O
portable	O
these	O
may	O
also	O
require	O
a	O
laptop	O
and	O
projector*	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Operating_System
Wii	I-Operating_System
Remote	O
has	O
a	O
very	O
accurate	O
Infrared	O
Light	O
tracking	O
camera	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
calibrated	O
,	O
the	B-Operating_System
Wii	I-Operating_System
Remote	O
detects	O
a	O
mouse	O
click	O
at	O
the	O
screen	O
location	O
of	O
the	O
IR-Pen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Operating_System
Wii	I-Operating_System
remote	O
was	O
first	O
adapted	O
for	O
use	O
as	O
an	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
by	O
Johnny	O
Chung	O
Lee	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
touch	O
is	O
activated	O
by	O
a	O
finger	O
or	O
stylus	B-Device
touching	O
the	O
glass	O
substrate	O
and	O
creating	O
a	O
vibration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ultrasonic	B-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
Ultrasonic	B-Application
only	O
–	O
These	O
devices	O
have	O
two	O
ultrasonic	B-Application
transmitters	O
in	O
two	O
corners	O
and	O
two	O
receivers	O
in	O
the	O
other	O
two	O
corners	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ultrasonic	B-Application
waves	O
are	O
transmitted	O
by	O
the	O
whiteboard	O
surface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
little	O
marks	O
in	O
the	O
whiteboard	O
borders	O
create	O
reflecting	O
waves	O
for	O
each	O
ultrasonic	B-Application
transmitter	O
at	O
different	O
and	O
recognizable	O
distances	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hybrid	O
Ultrasound	B-Application
and	O
Infrared	O
–	O
When	O
pressed	O
to	O
the	O
whiteboard	O
surface	O
,	O
the	O
marker	O
or	O
stylus	B-Device
sends	O
out	O
both	O
an	O
ultrasonic	B-Application
sound	O
and	O
an	O
infrared	O
light	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
ultrasonic	B-Application
microphones	B-Application
receive	O
the	O
sound	O
and	O
measure	O
the	O
difference	O
in	O
the	O
sound	O
's	O
arrival	O
time	O
,	O
and	O
triangulate	B-Algorithm
the	O
location	O
of	O
the	O
marker	O
or	O
stylus	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
technology	O
allows	O
whiteboards	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
of	O
any	O
material	O
,	O
but	O
requires	O
a	O
suitably	O
adapted	O
active	O
dry-erase	O
marker	O
or	O
stylus	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
display	O
board	O
may	O
be	O
made	O
by	O
attaching	O
an	O
electronic	O
multimedia	O
device	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
tablet	B-Device
to	O
a	O
display	O
board	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Methods	O
for	O
attaching	O
tablets	B-Device
to	O
display	O
boards	O
include	O
cutting	O
a	O
window	O
into	O
a	O
display	O
board	O
and	O
fixing	O
a	O
pocket	O
behind	O
the	O
window	O
to	O
insert	O
and	O
hold	O
the	O
tablet	B-Device
,	O
pushing	O
pins	O
into	O
the	O
face	O
of	O
a	O
display	O
board	O
with	O
the	O
tablet	B-Device
resting	O
on	O
the	O
pins	O
,	O
attaching	O
a	O
lanyard	O
to	O
the	O
tablet	B-Device
in	O
order	O
to	O
hang	O
it	O
on	O
the	O
display	O
board	O
,	O
or	O
using	O
dual	O
sided	O
adhesive	O
tape	O
to	O
attach	O
the	O
tablet	B-Device
to	O
the	O
display	O
board	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Projex	O
Boards	O
manufactures	O
a	O
display	O
board	O
for	O
tablets	B-Device
,	O
with	O
a	O
pocket	O
,	O
easel	O
and	O
header	O
board	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
purpose	O
of	O
tablet	B-Device
display	O
boards	O
is	O
to	O
hold	O
the	O
tablet	B-Device
at	O
eye	O
level	O
on	O
the	O
display	O
board	O
to	O
facilitate	O
better	O
communication	O
between	O
audience	O
and	O
presenter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
tablet	B-Device
interactive	B-General_Concept
display	O
boards	O
have	O
apertures	O
for	O
electrical	O
cords	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
openings	O
at	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
the	O
display	O
board	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Permanent	O
markers	O
and	O
use	O
of	O
regular	O
dry	O
erase	O
markers	O
can	O
create	O
problems	O
on	O
some	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
surfaces	O
because	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
surfaces	O
are	O
most	O
often	O
melamine	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
porous	O
,	O
painted	O
surface	O
that	O
can	O
absorb	O
marker	O
ink	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
educators	O
have	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
reinforces	O
an	O
age-old	O
teaching	O
method	O
:	O
the	O
teacher	O
speaks	O
,	O
and	O
students	O
listen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
are	O
generally	O
available	O
in	O
two	O
forms	O
:	O
front	O
projection	O
and	O
rear	O
projection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Front-projection	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
have	O
a	O
video	B-Device
projector	I-Device
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
whiteboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
disadvantage	O
of	O
front-projection	O
whiteboards	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
presenter	O
,	O
standing	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
screen	O
,	O
must	O
extend	O
his	O
or	O
her	O
arm	O
with	O
or	O
without	O
a	O
stylus	B-Device
to	O
avoid	O
casting	O
a	O
shadow	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
not	O
a	O
disadvantage	O
of	O
Ultra-Short-Throw	O
(	O
UST	O
)	O
projectors	B-Application
,	O
which	O
cast	O
an	O
image	O
from	O
above	O
and	O
just	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
IWB	O
surface	O
,	O
removing	O
the	O
presenter	O
from	O
the	O
beam	O
's	O
path	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rear-projection	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
locate	O
the	O
projector	B-Device
or	O
emissive	O
display	O
behind	O
the	O
whiteboard	O
sensing	O
surface	O
so	O
that	O
no	O
shadows	O
occur	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
also	O
avoids	O
the	O
problem	O
with	O
front-projection	O
boards	O
that	O
the	O
presenter	O
has	O
to	O
look	O
into	O
the	O
projector	B-Device
light	O
while	O
speaking	O
to	O
the	O
audience	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
manufacturers	O
offer	O
short-throw	O
projection	O
systems	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
projector	B-Device
with	O
a	O
special	O
wide	O
angle	O
lens	O
is	O
mounted	O
much	O
closer	O
to	O
the	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
surface	O
and	O
projects	O
down	O
at	O
an	O
angle	O
of	O
around	O
45	O
degrees	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
vastly	O
reduce	O
the	O
shadow	O
effects	O
of	O
traditional	O
front-projection	O
systems	O
and	O
eliminate	O
any	O
chance	O
for	O
a	O
user	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
projector	B-Device
beam	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
risk	O
of	O
projector	B-Device
theft	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
problematic	O
for	O
some	O
school	O
districts	O
,	O
is	O
reduced	O
by	O
integrating	O
the	O
projector	B-Device
with	O
the	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
process	O
involves	O
displaying	O
a	O
sequence	O
of	O
dots	O
or	O
crosses	O
on	O
the	O
touch	O
surface	O
and	O
having	O
the	O
user	O
select	O
these	O
dots	O
either	O
with	O
a	O
stylus	B-Device
or	O
their	O
finger	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fixed	O
installations	O
with	O
projectors	B-Application
and	O
boards	O
bolted	O
to	O
roof	O
and	O
wall	O
greatly	O
reduce	O
or	O
eliminate	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
calibrate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
few	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
can	O
automatically	O
detect	O
projected	O
images	O
during	O
a	O
different	O
type	O
of	O
calibration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
computer	O
projects	O
a	O
Gray	B-Device
Code	I-Device
sequence	O
of	O
white	O
and	O
black	O
bars	O
on	O
the	O
touch	O
surface	O
and	O
light	O
sensitive	O
sensors	O
behind	O
the	O
touch	O
surface	O
detect	O
the	O
light	O
passing	O
through	O
the	O
touch	O
surface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
system	O
involves	O
having	O
a	O
light	O
sensor	O
built	O
into	O
the	O
projector	B-Device
and	O
facing	O
the	O
screen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
projector	B-Device
generates	O
its	O
calibration	O
image	O
(	O
a	O
process	O
called	O
"	O
training	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
it	O
detects	O
the	O
change	O
in	O
light	O
reflected	O
from	O
the	O
black	O
border	O
and	O
the	O
white	O
surface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yet	O
another	O
system	O
includes	O
a	O
camera	O
built	O
into	O
the	O
handheld	O
pen	O
,	O
with	O
human	O
imperceptible	O
targets	O
injected	O
into	O
the	O
image	O
stream	O
sent	O
to	O
the	O
projector	B-Device
or	O
display	O
,	O
containing	O
positioning	O
information	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
camera	O
detects	O
that	O
information	O
and	O
calculates	O
position	O
accordingly	O
,	O
requiring	O
no	O
calibration	O
at	O
all	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
variety	O
of	O
accessories	O
is	O
available	O
for	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboards	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Mobile	O
stand	O
–	O
Allows	O
the	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
to	O
be	O
moved	O
between	O
rooms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Slate	O
or	O
tablet	B-Device
–	O
Allows	O
students	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
whiteboard	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
room	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Video	B-Device
projector	I-Device
–	O
Allows	O
a	O
computer	O
display	O
to	O
be	O
projected	O
onto	O
the	O
whiteboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
'	O
Short	O
Throw	O
 '	O
projectors	B-Application
are	O
available	O
from	O
some	O
manufacturers	O
that	O
mount	O
directly	O
above	O
the	O
board	O
minimizing	O
shadow	O
effects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
'	O
Ultra	O
Short	O
Throw	O
 '	O
projectors	B-Application
are	O
even	O
more	O
effective	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wireless	O
unit	O
–	O
Allows	O
the	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
whiteboard	O
to	O
operate	O
without	O
wires	O
to	O
the	O
computer	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
