<s>
A	O
smart	B-General_Concept
object	I-General_Concept
is	O
an	O
object	O
that	O
enhances	O
the	O
interaction	O
with	O
not	O
only	O
people	O
but	O
also	O
with	O
other	O
smart	B-General_Concept
objects	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
known	O
as	O
smart	O
connected	O
products	O
or	O
smart	O
connected	O
things	O
(	O
SCoT	O
)	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
products	O
,	O
assets	O
and	O
other	O
things	O
embedded	O
with	O
processors	O
,	O
sensors	B-Application
,	O
software	O
and	O
connectivity	O
that	O
allow	O
data	O
to	O
be	O
exchanged	O
between	O
the	O
product	O
and	O
its	O
environment	O
,	O
manufacturer	O
,	O
operator/user	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
products	O
and	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
smart	O
physical	O
object	O
may	O
be	O
created	O
either	O
as	O
an	O
artifact	O
or	O
manufactured	O
product	O
or	O
by	O
embedding	O
electronic	O
tags	O
such	O
as	O
RFID	B-Application
tags	I-Application
or	O
sensors	B-Application
into	O
non-smart	O
physical	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concept	O
of	O
a	O
smart	B-General_Concept
object	I-General_Concept
has	O
several	O
origins	O
and	O
uses	O
,	O
see	O
History	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
also	O
several	O
overlapping	O
terms	O
,	O
see	O
also	O
smart	B-Device
device	I-Device
,	O
tangible	O
object	O
or	O
tangible	O
user	O
interface	O
and	O
Thing	O
as	O
in	O
the	B-Operating_System
Internet	I-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
things	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
,	O
Mark	O
Weiser	O
,	O
from	O
whom	O
the	O
term	O
ubiquitous	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
originated	O
,	O
referred	O
to	O
a	O
vision	O
"	O
When	O
almost	O
every	O
object	O
either	O
contains	O
a	O
computer	O
or	O
can	O
have	O
a	O
tab	O
attached	O
to	O
it	O
,	O
obtaining	O
information	O
will	O
be	O
trivial	O
"	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
smart	B-General_Concept
object	I-General_Concept
concept	O
was	O
introduced	O
by	O
Marcelo	O
Kallman	O
and	O
Daniel	O
Thalmann	O
as	O
an	O
object	O
that	O
can	O
describe	O
its	O
own	O
possible	O
interactions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
opposite	O
approach	O
to	O
smart	B-General_Concept
objects	I-General_Concept
is	O
'	O
plain	O
 '	O
objects	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
provide	O
this	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
additional	O
information	O
provided	O
by	O
this	O
concept	O
enables	O
far	O
more	O
general	O
interaction	O
schemes	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
greatly	O
simplify	O
the	O
planner	B-Application
of	O
an	O
artificial	B-General_Concept
intelligence	I-General_Concept
agent	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Here	O
,	O
"	O
smart	B-General_Concept
objects	I-General_Concept
"	O
are	O
described	O
as	O
"	O
objects	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
Net	O
;	O
objects	O
that	O
can	O
sense	O
their	O
users	O
and	O
display	O
smart	O
behaviour	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
recently	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
2010s	O
,	O
smart	B-General_Concept
objects	I-General_Concept
are	O
being	O
proposed	O
as	O
a	O
key	O
enabler	O
for	O
the	O
vision	O
of	O
the	B-Operating_System
Internet	I-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
things	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
combination	O
of	O
the	O
Internet	O
and	O
emerging	O
technologies	O
such	O
as	O
near	O
field	O
communications	O
,	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
localization	O
,	O
and	O
embedded	O
sensors	B-Application
enables	O
everyday	O
objects	O
to	O
be	O
transformed	O
into	O
smart	B-General_Concept
objects	I-General_Concept
that	O
can	O
understand	O
and	O
react	O
to	O
their	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
objects	O
are	O
building	O
blocks	O
for	O
the	B-Operating_System
Internet	I-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
things	I-Operating_System
and	O
enable	O
novel	O
computing	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2018	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
first	O
smart	O
houses	O
was	O
built	O
in	O
Klaukkala	O
,	O
Finland	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
five-floor	O
apartment	O
block	O
,	O
utilizing	O
the	O
Kone	O
Residential	O
Flow	O
solution	O
created	O
by	O
KONE	O
,	O
allowing	O
even	O
a	O
smartphone	B-Application
to	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
home	O
key	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
we	O
can	O
view	O
interaction	O
with	O
physical	O
smart	B-General_Concept
object	I-General_Concept
in	O
the	O
physical	O
world	O
as	O
distinct	O
from	O
interaction	O
with	O
virtual	O
smart	B-General_Concept
objects	I-General_Concept
in	O
a	O
virtual	O
simulated	O
world	O
,	O
these	O
can	O
be	O
related	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
virtual	O
smart	B-General_Concept
objects	I-General_Concept
by	O
modelling	O
both	O
physical	O
world	O
objects	O
and	O
modelling	O
humans	O
as	O
objects	O
and	O
their	O
subsequent	O
interactions	O
can	O
form	O
a	O
predominantly	O
smart	O
virtual	O
object	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
,	O
a	O
smart	B-General_Concept
object	I-General_Concept
does	O
not	O
necessarily	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
intelligent	O
as	O
in	O
exhibiting	O
a	O
strong	O
essence	O
of	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
—	O
although	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
designed	O
to	O
also	O
be	O
intelligent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Physical	O
world	O
smart	B-General_Concept
objects	I-General_Concept
can	O
be	O
described	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
three	O
properties	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Awareness	O
:	O
is	O
a	O
smart	B-General_Concept
object	I-General_Concept
's	O
ability	O
to	O
understand	O
(	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
sense	O
,	O
interpret	O
,	O
and	O
react	O
to	O
)	O
events	O
and	O
human	O
activities	O
occurring	O
in	O
the	O
physical	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Representation	O
:	O
refers	O
to	O
a	O
smart	B-General_Concept
object	I-General_Concept
's	O
application	O
and	O
programming	O
model	O
—	O
in	O
particular	O
,	O
programming	O
abstractions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Activity-Aware	O
Smart	B-General_Concept
Objects	I-General_Concept
:	O
Are	O
objects	O
that	O
can	O
record	O
information	O
about	O
work	O
activities	O
and	O
its	O
own	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Policy-Aware	O
Smart	B-General_Concept
Objects	I-General_Concept
:	O
Are	O
objects	O
that	O
are	O
activity-aware	O
Objects	O
can	O
interpret	O
events	O
and	O
activities	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
predefined	O
organizational	O
policies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Process-Aware	O
Smart	B-General_Concept
Objects	I-General_Concept
:	O
Processes	O
play	O
a	O
fundamental	O
role	O
in	O
industrial	O
work	O
management	O
and	O
operation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
versions	O
of	O
smart	B-General_Concept
objects	I-General_Concept
also	O
include	O
animation	O
information	O
in	O
the	O
object	O
information	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
is	O
not	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
efficient	O
approach	O
,	O
since	O
this	O
can	O
make	O
objects	O
inappropriately	O
oversized	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Smart	B-General_Concept
,	I-General_Concept
connected	I-General_Concept
products	I-General_Concept
have	O
three	O
primary	O
components	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Smart	O
–	O
made	O
up	O
of	O
sensors	B-Application
,	O
microprocessors	O
,	O
data	O
storage	O
,	O
controls	O
,	O
software	O
,	O
and	O
an	O
embedded	O
operating	O
system	O
with	O
enhanced	O
user	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Operating_System
Internet	I-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
things	I-Operating_System
is	O
the	O
network	O
of	O
physical	O
objects	O
that	O
contain	O
embedded	O
technology	O
to	O
communicate	O
and	O
sense	O
or	O
interact	O
with	O
their	O
internal	O
states	O
or	O
the	O
external	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
phrase	O
"	O
Internet	B-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
things	I-Operating_System
"	O
reflects	O
the	O
growing	O
number	O
of	O
smart	B-General_Concept
,	I-General_Concept
connected	I-General_Concept
products	I-General_Concept
and	O
highlights	O
the	O
new	O
opportunities	O
they	O
can	O
represent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
What	O
makes	O
smart	B-General_Concept
,	I-General_Concept
connected	I-General_Concept
products	I-General_Concept
fundamentally	O
different	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
changing	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
'	O
things	O
 '	O
.	O
</s>
