<s>
The	O
term	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grid	I-Architecture
is	O
most	O
commonly	O
defined	O
as	O
an	O
electric	O
grid	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
digitized	O
to	O
enable	O
two	O
way	O
communication	O
between	O
producers	O
and	O
consumers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
objective	O
of	O
the	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grid	I-Architecture
is	O
to	O
update	O
electricity	O
infrastructure	O
to	O
include	O
more	O
advanced	O
communication	O
,	O
control	O
,	O
and	O
sensory	O
technology	O
with	O
the	O
hope	O
of	O
increasing	O
communication	O
between	O
consumers	O
and	O
energy	O
producers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
potential	O
benefits	O
from	O
a	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grid	I-Architecture
include	O
increased	O
reliability	O
,	O
more	O
efficient	O
electricity	O
use	O
,	O
better	O
economics	O
,	O
and	O
improved	O
sustainability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concept	O
of	O
a	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grid	I-Architecture
began	O
to	O
emerge	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
2000s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
then	O
,	O
many	O
countries	O
have	O
been	O
pursuing	O
a	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grid	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
country	O
has	O
their	O
own	O
unique	O
definition	O
of	O
a	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grid	I-Architecture
based	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
policies	O
and	O
objectives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Therefore	O
,	O
every	O
country	O
approaches	O
achieving	O
a	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grid	I-Architecture
a	O
little	O
different	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Below	O
is	O
an	O
overview	O
of	O
major	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grid	I-Architecture
legislation	O
and	O
projects	O
in	O
select	O
countries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
South	O
Africa	O
has	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grid	I-Architecture
efforts	O
are	O
focused	O
around	O
three	O
objectives	O
:	O
increasing	O
the	O
penetration	O
of	O
renewable	O
generation	O
,	O
decarbonizing	O
their	O
electricity	O
generation	O
and	O
improving	O
network	O
reliability	O
and	O
availability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
China	O
's	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grid	I-Architecture
efforts	O
are	O
focused	O
on	O
three	O
key	O
areas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
21	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
China	O
has	O
announced	O
an	O
aggressive	O
framework	O
for	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grid	I-Architecture
deployment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Comparing	O
with	O
US	O
and	O
Europe	O
,	O
the	O
Chinese	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grid	I-Architecture
appears	O
to	O
be	O
more	O
transmission-centric	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
will	O
be	O
accomplished	O
with	O
the	O
deployment	O
of	O
various	O
consumer	O
education	O
programs	O
and	O
smart	B-Device
meter	I-Device
apps	O
so	O
consumers	O
can	O
be	O
educated	O
about	O
their	O
electricity	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
program	O
consists	O
of	O
a	O
fully	O
integrated	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grid	I-Architecture
System	O
for	O
6000	O
households	O
;	O
wind	O
farms	O
and	O
four	O
distribution	O
lines	O
are	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
pilot	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
government	O
has	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
undertake	O
a	O
nationwide	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grid	I-Architecture
implementation	O
by	O
2030	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2010	O
,	O
Korea	O
has	O
taken	O
a	O
significant	O
step	O
forward	O
in	O
its	O
efforts	O
to	O
grab	O
a	O
foothold	O
in	O
the	O
global	O
smart	B-Architecture
grid	I-Architecture
sector	O
,	O
coming	O
to	O
a	O
deal	O
with	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
Illinois	O
to	O
jointly	O
develop	O
and	O
test	O
technologies	O
for	O
smart	B-Architecture
grid	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
two	O
parties	O
have	O
signed	O
a	O
memorandum	O
of	O
understanding	O
with	O
the	O
Illinois	O
Department	O
of	O
Commerce	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
a	O
pilot	O
program	O
to	O
create	O
smart	B-Architecture
grid	I-Architecture
technology	O
at	O
a	O
facility	O
on	O
Jeju	O
Island	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
two	O
sides	O
agreed	O
to	O
launch	O
a	O
business	O
model	O
for	O
a	O
smart	B-Architecture
grid	I-Architecture
on	O
Jeju-do	O
Island	O
and	O
apply	O
it	O
in	O
Seoul	O
and	O
Chicago	O
later	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Korean	O
government	O
seeks	O
to	O
complete	O
the	O
installation	O
of	O
smart	B-Architecture
grid	I-Architecture
in	O
the	O
country	O
by	O
2030	O
and	O
establish	O
another	O
27,000	O
or	O
more	O
power	O
charge	O
stations	O
for	O
electric	O
cars	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Australian	O
government	O
has	O
committed	O
to	O
investing	O
$100M	O
in	O
smart	B-Architecture
grids	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
federal	O
government	O
's	O
call	O
for	O
proposals	O
to	O
study	O
smart	B-Architecture
grid	I-Architecture
technology	O
in	O
2009	O
was	O
followed	O
by	O
an	O
announcement	O
of	O
a	O
winning	O
team	O
in	O
June	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
EnergyAustralia	O
,	O
announced	O
as	O
the	O
lead	O
utility	O
in	O
the	O
federally	O
sponsored	O
consortium	O
to	O
study	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grid	I-Architecture
in	O
Australia	O
,	O
will	O
build	O
the	O
smart	B-Architecture
grid	I-Architecture
over	O
five	O
sites	O
in	O
New	O
South	O
Wales	O
with	O
partners	O
IBM	O
,	O
Grid	O
Net	O
,	O
a	O
San	O
Francisco-based	O
energy	O
software	O
company	O
,	O
and	O
GE	O
Energy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
WiMAX-based	O
smart	B-Architecture
grid	I-Architecture
will	O
support	O
such	O
applications	O
as	O
Substation	O
Automation	O
and	O
plug-in	O
hybrid	O
electric	O
vehicles	O
(	O
PEV	O
)	O
,	O
ultimately	O
supporting	O
50,000	O
Smart	B-Device
Meters	I-Device
and	O
15,000	O
in-home	O
devices	O
(	O
IHDs	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Within	O
Australia	O
the	O
adoption	O
of	O
smart	B-Architecture
grids	I-Architecture
is	O
hindered	O
by	O
a	O
lack	O
of	O
service	O
level	O
obligations	O
on	O
electricity	O
distribution	O
businesses	O
to	O
connect	O
distributed	O
generation	O
devices	O
in	O
a	O
timely	O
fashion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
of	O
smart	B-Architecture
grid	I-Architecture
technologies	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
European	O
Technology	O
Platform	O
(	O
ETP	O
)	O
initiative	O
and	O
is	O
called	O
the	O
SmartGrids	O
Technology	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
very	O
concept	O
of	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grids	I-Architecture
as	O
now	O
starting	O
to	O
be	O
deployed	O
was	O
developed	O
in	O
2006	O
by	O
the	O
European	O
Technology	O
Platform	O
for	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grids	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
European	O
Technology	O
Platform	O
identifies	O
that	O
smart	B-Architecture
grid	I-Architecture
employs	O
innovative	O
products	O
and	O
services	O
together	O
with	O
intelligent	O
monitoring	O
,	O
control	O
,	O
communication	O
,	O
and	O
self-healing	O
technologies	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
EU	O
aims	O
to	O
replace	O
80%	O
of	O
current	O
electricity	O
meters	O
with	O
smart	B-Device
meters	I-Device
by	O
2020	O
wherever	O
cost-benefit	O
analysis	O
demonstrates	O
a	O
positive	O
result	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
smart	B-Device
metering	I-Device
and	O
smart	B-Architecture
grids	I-Architecture
rollout	O
can	O
reduce	O
emissions	O
in	O
the	O
EU	O
by	O
up	O
to	O
9%	O
and	O
annual	O
household	O
energy	O
consumption	O
by	O
similar	O
amounts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
30	O
November	O
2016	O
,	O
the	O
Commission	O
published	O
a	O
proposal	O
stating	O
that	O
all	O
consumers	O
should	O
be	O
entitled	O
to	O
request	O
a	O
smart	B-Device
meter	I-Device
from	O
their	O
supplier	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Smart	B-Device
meters	I-Device
should	O
allow	O
consumers	O
to	O
reap	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
the	O
progressive	O
digitalisation	O
of	O
the	O
energy	O
market	O
via	O
several	O
different	O
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
2014	O
Commission	O
report	O
on	O
the	O
deployment	O
of	O
smart	B-Device
metering	I-Device
found	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
close	O
to	O
200	O
million	O
smart	B-Device
meters	I-Device
for	O
electricity	O
and	O
45	O
million	O
for	O
gas	O
will	O
be	O
rolled	O
out	O
in	O
the	O
EU	O
by	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
by	O
2020	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
expected	O
that	O
almost	O
72%	O
of	O
European	O
consumers	O
will	O
have	O
a	O
smart	B-Device
meter	I-Device
for	O
electricity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
the	O
cost	O
of	O
installing	O
a	O
smart	B-Device
meter	I-Device
in	O
the	O
EU	O
is	O
on	O
average	O
between	O
€200	O
and	O
€250	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
on	O
average	O
,	O
smart	B-Device
meters	I-Device
provide	O
savings	O
of	O
€160	O
for	O
gas	O
and	O
€309	O
for	O
electricity	O
per	O
metering	O
point	O
(	O
distributed	O
amongst	O
consumers	O
,	O
suppliers	O
,	O
distribution	O
system	O
operators	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grid	I-Architecture
Forum	O
had	O
identified	O
that	O
smart	O
technology	O
would	O
give	O
energy	O
consumers	O
greater	O
control	O
of	O
their	O
energy	O
use	O
,	O
bills	O
,	O
greater	O
security	O
of	O
supply	O
and	O
enable	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
less	O
carbon	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
had	O
further	O
indicated	O
that	O
integration	O
of	O
smart	B-Architecture
grids	I-Architecture
with	O
regular	O
technology	O
would	O
potentially	O
save	O
up	O
to	O
£12	O
billion	O
by	O
2050	O
and	O
deliver	O
9,000	O
additional	O
jobs	O
and	O
create	O
a	O
£5	O
billion	O
export	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
complete	O
the	O
transition	O
to	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grids	I-Architecture
,	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
plans	O
to	O
roll	O
out	O
53	O
million	O
smart	B-Device
meters	I-Device
to	O
26	O
million	O
households	O
from	O
2015	O
to	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initiated	O
by	O
Department	O
of	O
Energy	O
and	O
Climate	O
Change	O
under	O
the	O
Cameron-Clegg	O
coalition	O
from	O
2010	O
-	O
2015	O
and	O
now	O
under	O
Department	O
for	O
Business	O
,	O
Energy	O
and	O
Industrial	O
Strategy	O
and	O
Office	O
of	O
Gas	O
and	O
Electricity	O
Markets	O
,	O
the	O
(	O
rollout	O
of	O
)	O
smart	B-Device
meters	I-Device
are	O
estimated	O
to	O
cost	O
£11	O
Billion	O
,	O
providing	O
the	O
British	O
economy	O
a	O
net	O
£6.7	O
Billion	O
benefit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Smart	O
Energy	O
UK	O
identifies	O
the	O
different	O
roles	O
of	O
six	O
stakeholders	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
rollout	O
of	O
smart	B-Device
meters	I-Device
:	O
</s>
<s>
Partners	O
of	O
Smart	O
Energy	O
GB	O
:	O
trusted	O
organisations	O
,	O
charities	O
and	O
individuals	O
that	O
will	O
work	O
with	O
Smart	O
Energy	O
GB	O
to	O
inform	O
the	O
public	O
about	O
smart	B-Device
meters	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
smart	B-Architecture
grids	I-Architecture
became	O
federal	O
policy	O
with	O
passage	O
of	O
the	O
Energy	O
Independence	O
and	O
Security	O
Act	O
of	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
law	O
,	O
Title13	O
,	O
sets	O
out	O
$100	O
million	O
in	O
funding	O
per	O
fiscal	O
year	O
from	O
2008	O
to	O
2012	O
,	O
establishes	O
a	O
matching	O
program	O
to	O
states	O
,	O
utilities	O
and	O
consumers	O
to	O
build	O
smart	B-Architecture
grid	I-Architecture
capabilities	O
,	O
and	O
creates	O
a	O
Grid	B-Architecture
Modernization	I-Architecture
Commission	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
demand	O
response	O
and	O
to	O
recommend	O
needed	O
protocol	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Energy	O
Independence	O
and	O
Security	O
Act	O
of	O
2007	O
directs	O
the	O
National	O
Institute	O
of	O
Standards	O
and	O
Technology	O
to	O
coordinate	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
smart	B-Architecture
grid	I-Architecture
standards	O
,	O
which	O
FERC	O
would	O
then	O
promulgate	O
through	O
official	O
rulemakings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Smart	B-Architecture
grids	I-Architecture
received	O
further	O
support	O
with	O
the	O
passage	O
of	O
the	O
American	O
Recovery	O
and	O
Reinvestment	O
Act	O
of	O
2009	O
,	O
which	O
set	O
aside	O
$11	O
billion	O
for	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
a	O
smart	B-Architecture
grid	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Brazil	O
's	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grid	I-Architecture
efforts	O
have	O
primarily	O
focused	O
on	O
diversifying	O
their	O
generation	O
sources	O
and	O
enhancing	O
the	O
electric	O
grid	O
infrastructure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Brazil	O
is	O
making	O
great	O
efforts	O
to	O
keep	O
up	O
with	O
growing	O
electricity	O
demand	O
and	O
it	O
factors	O
heavily	O
into	O
their	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grid	I-Architecture
policy	O
decisions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Brazil	O
's	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grid	I-Architecture
policy	O
agenda	O
intends	O
to	O
address	O
this	O
by	O
encouraging	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
other	O
sources	O
of	O
electricity	O
generation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Brazil	O
hopes	O
to	O
implement	O
modern	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grid	I-Architecture
technology	O
to	O
reduce	O
these	O
losses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
generation	O
expansion	O
,	O
Brazil	O
is	O
also	O
planning	O
an	O
extensive	O
smart	B-Device
meter	I-Device
rollout	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2012	O
the	O
Brazil	O
electricity	O
regulatory	O
authority	O
decreed	O
that	O
all	O
new	O
residential	O
and	O
rural	O
consumers	O
shall	O
be	O
given	O
a	O
smart	B-Device
meter	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Existing	O
customers	O
that	O
desire	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
smart	B-Architecture
grid	I-Architecture
may	O
request	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Green	O
Tech	O
Media	O
estimates	O
that	O
27	O
million	O
smart	B-Device
meters	I-Device
will	O
be	O
installed	O
by	O
2030	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Brazil	O
hopes	O
that	O
the	O
installation	O
of	O
smart	B-Device
meters	I-Device
will	O
help	O
to	O
reduce	O
their	O
non-technical	O
losses	O
.	O
</s>
