<s>
The	O
SLAPD	B-Application
(	O
Standalone	O
LDAP	B-Protocol
Daemon	O
)	O
and	O
SLURPD	O
(	O
Stand-alone	O
LDAP	B-Protocol
update	O
replication	O
daemon	O
)	O
originally	O
evolved	O
within	O
the	O
long-running	O
project	O
that	O
developed	O
the	O
LDAP	B-Protocol
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
developed	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Michigan	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
Lightweight	B-Protocol
Directory	I-Protocol
Access	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
LDAP	B-Protocol
)	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
,	O
many	O
LDAP	B-Protocol
Server	O
Implementations	O
are	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
same	O
code	O
base	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
SLAPD	B-Application
and/or	O
evolutions	O
of	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tim	O
Howes	O
of	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Michigan	O
,	O
Steve	O
Kille	O
of	O
Isode	O
Limited	O
,	O
Wengyik	O
Yeong	O
of	O
Performance	O
Systems	O
International	O
and	O
Colin	O
Robbins	O
of	O
Nexor	O
authored	O
the	O
original	O
LDAP	B-Protocol
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1993	O
,	O
initial	O
implementations	O
of	O
the	O
LDAP	B-Protocol
standard	O
were	O
made	O
by	O
Howes	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Michigan	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
LDAPD	O
as	O
a	O
proxy	O
for	O
the	O
Quipu	O
X.500	B-Protocol
directory	I-Protocol
and	O
SLAPD	B-Application
.	O
</s>
