<s>
Single-source	B-Application
publishing	I-Application
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
single-sourcing	B-Application
publishing	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
method	O
which	O
allows	O
the	O
same	O
source	O
content	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
across	O
different	O
forms	O
of	O
media	O
and	O
more	O
than	O
one	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
labor-intensive	O
and	O
expensive	O
work	O
of	O
editing	O
need	O
only	O
be	O
carried	O
out	O
once	O
,	O
on	O
only	O
one	O
document	O
;	O
that	O
source	O
document	O
(	O
the	O
single	B-Application
source	I-Application
of	I-Application
truth	I-Application
)	O
can	O
then	O
be	O
stored	O
in	O
one	O
place	O
and	O
reused	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
benefits	O
of	O
single-source	B-Application
publishing	I-Application
primarily	O
relate	O
to	O
the	O
editor	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user	O
benefits	O
from	O
the	O
consistency	O
that	O
single-sourcing	B-Application
brings	O
to	O
terminology	O
and	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
assumes	O
the	O
content	B-Protocol
manager	I-Protocol
has	O
applied	O
an	O
organized	O
conceptualization	O
to	O
the	O
underlying	O
content	O
(	O
A	O
poor	O
conceptualization	O
can	O
make	O
single-source	B-Application
publishing	I-Application
less	O
useful	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Single-source	B-Application
publishing	I-Application
is	O
sometimes	O
used	O
synonymously	O
with	O
multi-channel	O
publishing	O
though	O
whether	O
or	O
not	O
the	O
two	O
terms	O
are	O
synonymous	O
is	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
discussion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
general	O
definition	O
of	O
single-source	B-Application
publishing	I-Application
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
single	O
official	O
delineation	O
between	O
single-source	B-Application
publishing	I-Application
and	O
multi-channel	O
publishing	O
,	O
nor	O
are	O
there	O
any	O
official	O
governing	O
bodies	O
to	O
provide	O
such	O
a	O
delineation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Single-source	B-Application
publishing	I-Application
is	O
most	O
often	O
understood	O
as	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
one	O
source	O
document	O
in	O
an	O
authoring	O
tool	O
and	O
converting	O
that	O
document	O
into	O
different	O
file	O
formats	O
or	O
human	O
languages	O
(	O
or	O
both	O
)	O
multiple	O
times	O
with	O
minimal	O
effort	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multi-channel	O
publishing	O
can	O
either	O
be	O
seen	O
as	O
synonymous	O
with	O
single-source	B-Application
publishing	I-Application
,	O
or	O
similar	O
in	O
that	O
there	O
is	O
one	O
source	O
document	O
but	O
the	O
process	O
itself	O
results	O
in	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
mere	O
reproduction	O
of	O
that	O
source	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
origins	O
of	O
single-source	B-Application
publishing	I-Application
lie	O
,	O
indirectly	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Windows	B-Application
3.0	I-Application
in	O
1990	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
eclipsing	O
of	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
by	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
,	O
help	O
files	O
went	O
from	O
being	O
unreadable	O
text	O
along	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
the	O
screen	O
to	O
hypertext	O
systems	O
such	O
as	O
WinHelp	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
single-source	B-Application
publishing	I-Application
project	O
was	O
started	O
in	O
1993	O
by	O
Cornelia	O
Hofmann	O
at	O
Schneider	O
Electric	O
in	O
Seligenstadt	O
,	O
using	O
software	O
based	O
on	O
Interleaf	O
to	O
automatically	O
create	O
paper	O
documentation	O
in	O
multiple	O
languages	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
single	O
original	O
source	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XML	B-Protocol
,	O
developed	O
during	O
the	O
mid	O
-	O
to	O
late-1990s	O
,	O
was	O
also	O
significant	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
single-source	B-Application
publishing	I-Application
as	O
a	O
method	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XML	B-Protocol
,	O
a	O
markup	O
language	O
,	O
allows	O
developers	O
to	O
separate	O
their	O
documentation	O
into	O
two	O
layers	O
:	O
a	O
shell-like	O
layer	O
based	O
on	O
presentation	O
and	O
a	O
core-like	O
layer	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
actual	O
written	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
mid-1990s	O
,	O
several	O
firms	O
began	O
creating	O
and	O
using	O
single-source	O
content	O
for	O
technical	O
documentation	O
(	O
Boeing	O
Helicopter	O
,	O
Sikorsky	O
Aviation	O
and	O
Pratt	O
&	O
Whitney	O
Canada	O
)	O
and	O
user	O
manuals	O
(	O
Ford	O
owners	O
manuals	O
)	O
based	O
on	O
tagged	O
SGML	O
and	O
XML	B-Protocol
content	O
generated	O
using	O
the	O
Arbortext	O
Epic	O
editor	O
with	O
add-on	O
functions	O
developed	O
by	O
a	O
contractor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concept	O
behind	O
this	O
usage	O
was	O
that	O
complex	O
,	O
hierarchical	O
content	O
that	O
did	O
not	O
lend	O
itself	O
to	O
discrete	O
componentization	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
across	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
requirements	O
by	O
tagging	O
the	O
differences	O
within	O
a	O
single	O
document	O
using	O
the	O
capabilities	O
built	O
into	O
SGML	O
and	O
XML	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
from	O
the	O
early	O
2000s	O
,	O
single-source	B-Application
publishing	I-Application
was	O
used	O
with	O
an	O
increasing	O
frequency	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
technical	O
translation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
single-source	B-Application
publishing	I-Application
is	O
now	O
decades	O
old	O
,	O
its	O
importance	O
has	O
increased	O
urgently	O
as	O
of	O
the	O
2010s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Within	O
the	O
industry	O
of	O
software	O
and	O
its	O
documentation	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
perception	O
that	O
the	O
choice	O
is	O
to	O
embrace	O
single-source	B-Application
publishing	I-Application
or	O
render	O
one	O
's	O
operations	O
obsolete	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Editors	O
using	O
single-source	B-Application
publishing	I-Application
have	O
been	O
criticized	O
for	O
below-standard	O
work	O
quality	O
,	O
leading	O
some	O
critics	O
to	O
describe	O
single-source	B-Application
publishing	I-Application
as	O
the	O
“	O
conveyor	O
belt	O
assembly	O
”	O
of	O
content	O
creation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
two	O
words	O
might	O
be	O
synonyms	B-Application
in	O
English	O
,	O
they	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
synonyms	B-Application
in	O
another	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
document	O
produced	O
via	O
single-sourcing	B-Application
,	O
the	O
index	O
will	O
be	O
translated	O
automatically	O
and	O
the	O
two	O
words	O
will	O
be	O
rendered	O
as	O
synonyms	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
synonyms	B-Application
in	O
the	O
source	O
language	O
,	O
while	O
in	O
the	O
target	O
language	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
.	O
</s>
