<s>
Simulation	B-Application
software	I-Application
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
modeling	O
a	O
real	O
phenomenon	O
with	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
mathematical	O
formulas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Simulation	B-Application
software	I-Application
is	O
used	O
widely	O
to	O
design	O
equipment	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
final	O
product	O
will	O
be	O
as	O
close	O
to	O
design	O
specs	O
as	O
possible	O
without	O
expensive	O
in	O
process	O
modification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Simulation	B-Application
software	I-Application
with	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
response	O
is	O
often	O
used	O
in	O
gaming	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
also	O
has	O
important	O
industrial	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
penalty	O
for	O
improper	O
operation	O
is	O
costly	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
airplane	O
pilots	O
,	O
nuclear	O
power	O
plant	O
operators	O
,	O
or	O
chemical	O
plant	O
operators	O
,	O
a	O
mock	O
up	O
of	O
the	O
actual	O
control	O
panel	O
is	O
connected	O
to	O
a	O
real-time	B-General_Concept
simulation	O
of	O
the	O
physical	O
response	O
,	O
giving	O
valuable	O
training	O
experience	O
without	O
fear	O
of	O
a	O
disastrous	O
outcome	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Advanced	O
computer	B-Application
programs	I-Application
can	O
simulate	O
power	O
system	O
behavior	O
,	O
weather	O
conditions	O
,	O
electronic	O
circuits	O
,	O
chemical	O
reactions	O
,	O
mechatronics	O
,	O
heat	O
pumps	O
,	O
feedback	O
control	O
systems	O
,	O
atomic	O
reactions	O
,	O
even	O
complex	O
biological	O
processes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
creating	O
a	O
theory	O
of	O
causal	O
relationships	O
,	O
the	O
theorist	O
can	O
codify	O
the	O
relationships	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
computer	B-Application
program	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
General	O
simulation	O
packages	O
fall	O
into	O
two	O
categories	O
:	O
discrete	B-General_Concept
event	I-General_Concept
and	O
continuous	B-General_Concept
simulation	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Discrete	B-General_Concept
event	I-General_Concept
simulations	I-General_Concept
are	O
used	O
to	O
model	O
statistical	O
events	O
such	O
as	O
customers	O
arriving	O
in	O
queues	O
at	O
a	O
bank	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Real-time	B-General_Concept
operation	O
of	O
continuous	B-General_Concept
simulation	I-General_Concept
is	O
used	O
for	O
operator	O
training	O
and	O
off-line	O
controller	O
tuning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Electronics	B-Language
simulation	I-Language
software	O
utilizes	O
mathematical	O
models	O
to	O
replicate	O
the	O
behaviour	O
of	O
an	O
actual	O
electronic	O
device	O
or	O
circuit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Essentially	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
computer	B-Application
program	I-Application
that	O
converts	O
a	O
computer	O
into	O
a	O
fully	O
functioning	O
electronics	O
laboratory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Electronics	O
simulators	O
integrate	O
a	O
schematic	O
editor	O
,	O
SPICE	B-Protocol
simulator	O
and	O
onscreen	O
waveforms	O
and	O
make	O
“	O
what-if	O
”	O
scenarios	O
easy	O
and	O
instant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
simulators	O
use	O
a	O
SPICE	B-Protocol
engine	O
that	O
simulates	O
analog	O
,	O
digital	O
and	O
mixed	O
circuits	O
for	O
exceptional	O
power	O
and	O
accuracy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
these	O
simulators	O
typically	O
have	O
printed	O
circuit	O
board	O
(	O
PCB	O
)	O
export	O
capabilities	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
essential	O
for	O
design	O
and	O
testing	O
of	O
circuits	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
primary	O
application	O
of	O
electronic	B-Language
circuit	I-Language
simulation	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
there	O
are	O
strictly	O
analog	O
electronics	B-Language
circuit	I-Language
simulators	I-Language
include	O
both	O
analog	O
and	O
event-driven	O
digital	O
simulation	O
capabilities	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
known	O
as	O
mixed-mode	O
simulators	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
the	O
event	O
driven	O
algorithm	O
is	O
faster	O
than	O
the	O
standard	O
SPICE	B-Protocol
matrix	O
solution	O
simulation	O
time	O
is	O
greatly	O
reduced	O
for	O
circuits	O
that	O
use	O
event	O
driven	O
models	O
in	O
place	O
of	O
analog	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
two	O
modeling	O
techniques	O
use	O
SPICE	B-Protocol
to	O
solve	O
a	O
problem	O
while	O
the	O
third	O
method	O
,	O
digital	O
primitives	O
,	O
use	O
mixed	O
mode	O
capability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
properly	O
understand	O
the	O
operation	O
of	O
a	O
programmable	B-Architecture
logic	I-Architecture
controller	I-Architecture
(	O
PLC	O
)	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
spend	O
considerable	O
time	O
programming	B-General_Concept
,	O
testing	O
,	O
and	O
debugging	O
PLC	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PLC	O
simulation	B-Application
software	I-Application
is	O
a	O
valuable	O
tool	O
in	O
the	O
understanding	O
and	O
learning	O
of	O
PLCs	O
and	O
to	O
keep	O
this	O
knowledge	O
refreshed	O
and	O
up	O
to	O
date	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
PLCs	O
use	O
tags	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
a	O
powerful	O
method	O
of	O
programming	B-General_Concept
PLCs	O
but	O
also	O
more	O
complex	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
interactive	O
animations	O
include	O
traffic	O
lights	O
,	O
batch	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
bottling	O
lines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sheet	O
metal	O
forming	O
simulation	B-Application
software	I-Application
utilizes	O
mathematical	O
models	O
to	O
replicate	O
the	O
behavior	O
of	O
an	O
actual	O
metal	O
sheet	O
manufacturing	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Essentially	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
computer	B-Application
program	I-Application
that	O
converts	O
a	O
computer	O
into	O
a	O
fully	O
functioning	O
metal	O
manufacturing	O
prediction	O
unit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Metal	O
casting	O
simulation	O
is	O
currently	O
performed	O
by	O
Finite	B-Application
Element	I-Application
Method	I-Application
simulation	B-Application
software	I-Application
designed	O
as	O
a	O
defect-prediction	O
tool	O
for	O
the	O
foundry	B-Algorithm
engineer	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
correct	O
and/or	O
improve	O
his/her	O
casting	O
process	O
,	O
even	O
before	O
prototype	O
trials	O
are	O
produced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Network	O
simulation	B-Application
software	I-Application
simulates	O
behavior	O
of	O
networks	O
on	O
a	O
protocol	O
level	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Network	O
Protocol	O
Simulation	B-Application
software	I-Application
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
develop	O
test	O
scenarios	O
,	O
understand	O
the	O
network	O
behavior	O
against	O
certain	O
protocol	O
messages	O
,	O
compliance	O
of	O
new	O
protocol	B-Protocol
stack	I-Protocol
implementation	O
,	O
Protocol	B-Protocol
Stack	I-Protocol
Testing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
output	O
of	O
protocol	O
simulation	B-Application
software	I-Application
can	O
be	O
detailed	O
packet	O
traces	O
,	O
events	O
logs	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
