<s>
In	O
health	O
care	O
,	O
a	O
simulated	B-Application
patient	I-Application
(	O
SP	O
)	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
standardized	B-Application
patient	I-Application
,	O
sample	O
patient	O
,	O
or	O
patient	B-Application
instructor	I-Application
,	O
is	O
an	O
individual	O
trained	O
to	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
real	O
patient	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
simulate	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
symptoms	O
or	O
problems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Simulated	B-Application
patients	I-Application
have	O
been	O
successfully	O
utilized	O
for	O
education	O
,	O
evaluation	O
of	O
health	O
care	O
professionals	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
basic	O
,	O
applied	O
,	O
and	O
translational	O
medical	O
research	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dr.	O
Howard	O
Barrows	O
trained	O
the	O
first	O
standardized	B-Application
patient	I-Application
in	O
1963	O
in	O
University	O
of	O
Southern	O
California	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dr.	O
Paula	O
Stillman	O
trained	O
another	O
set	O
of	O
standardized	B-Application
patients	I-Application
in	O
1970	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Arizona	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Simulated	B-Application
patients	I-Application
(	O
SP	O
)	O
are	O
extensively	O
used	O
in	O
medical	O
and	O
nursing	O
education	O
to	O
allow	O
students	O
to	O
practice	O
and	O
improve	O
their	O
clinical	O
and	O
conversational	O
skills	O
for	O
an	O
actual	O
patient	O
encounter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SPs	O
can	O
also	O
serve	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
confederate	O
"	O
in	O
a	O
simulation	B-Application
to	O
perform	O
the	O
roles	O
of	O
other	O
clinicians	O
within	O
the	O
care	O
team	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SPs	O
used	O
for	O
in	O
situ	O
simulation	B-Application
activities	O
may	O
require	O
special	O
training	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
teaching	O
future	O
healthcare	O
professionals	O
how	O
to	O
perform	O
intimate	O
examinations	O
,	O
a	O
specially	O
trained	O
simulated	B-Application
patient	I-Application
may	O
be	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
form	O
of	O
instruction	O
is	O
where	O
a	O
medical	O
professional	O
,	O
a	O
preceptor	O
,	O
teaches	O
the	O
medical	O
student	O
how	O
to	O
perform	O
the	O
examination	O
using	O
a	O
simulated	B-Application
patient	I-Application
as	O
the	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
simulated	B-Application
patients	I-Application
has	O
several	O
advantages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
largest	O
limitation	O
of	O
simulated	B-Application
patients	I-Application
use	O
can	O
be	O
their	O
cost	O
.	O
</s>
