<s>
Simulated	O
racing	O
or	O
racing	B-Application
simulation	I-Application
,	O
commonly	O
known	O
as	O
simply	O
sim	B-Application
racing	I-Application
,	O
are	O
the	O
collective	O
terms	O
for	O
racing	O
game	O
software	B-Application
that	O
attempts	O
to	O
accurately	O
simulate	O
auto	B-Application
racing	I-Application
,	O
complete	O
with	O
real-world	O
variables	O
such	O
as	O
fuel	O
usage	O
,	O
damage	O
,	O
tire	O
wear	O
and	O
grip	O
,	O
and	O
suspension	O
settings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
be	O
competitive	O
in	O
sim	B-Application
racing	I-Application
,	O
a	O
driver	O
must	O
understand	O
all	O
aspects	O
of	O
car	O
handling	O
that	O
make	O
real-world	O
racing	O
so	O
difficult	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
threshold	O
braking	O
,	O
how	O
to	O
maintain	O
control	O
of	O
a	O
car	O
as	O
the	O
tires	O
lose	O
traction	O
,	O
and	O
how	O
properly	O
to	O
enter	O
and	O
exit	O
a	O
turn	O
without	O
sacrificing	O
speed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
this	O
level	O
of	O
difficulty	O
that	O
distinguishes	O
sim	B-Application
racing	I-Application
from	O
arcade	O
racing-style	O
driving	O
games	O
where	O
real-world	O
variables	O
are	O
taken	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
equation	O
and	O
the	O
principal	O
objective	O
is	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
speed	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
realism.Due	O
to	O
the	O
complexity	O
and	O
demands	O
of	O
mimicking	O
real-life	O
driving	O
,	O
racing	B-Application
sims	I-Application
require	O
faster	O
computers	O
to	O
run	O
effectively	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
steering	O
wheel	O
and	O
pedals	O
for	O
the	O
throttle	O
and	O
brakes	O
for	O
the	O
immersion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
using	O
a	O
simple	O
gamepad	B-Device
,	O
joystick	B-Device
or	O
even	O
a	O
mouse	B-Device
and	O
keyboard	B-Device
may	O
suffice	O
for	O
most	O
arcade-style	O
driving	O
games	O
on	O
home	O
systems	O
,	O
it	O
wo	O
n't	O
provide	O
the	O
same	O
level	O
of	O
immersion	O
and	O
realism	O
as	O
using	O
a	O
racing	B-Application
wheel	I-Application
and	O
pedals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
recent	O
years	O
,	O
many	O
sim	B-Application
racing	I-Application
experiences	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
for	O
consoles	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
and	O
Xbox	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
these	O
games	O
can	O
be	O
played	O
with	O
a	O
controller	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
recommended	O
that	O
players	O
invest	O
in	O
a	O
racing	B-Application
wheel	I-Application
and	O
pedals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
online	O
racing	O
,	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
drive	O
against	O
human	O
opponents	O
and	O
computer	B-Application
AI	I-Application
offline	O
is	O
the	O
closest	O
many	O
will	O
come	O
to	O
driving	O
cars	O
on	O
a	O
real	O
track	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
continued	O
development	O
of	O
the	O
physics	O
engine	O
software	B-Application
that	O
forms	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
these	O
sims	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
improved	O
hardware	O
(	O
providing	O
tactile	O
feedback	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
experience	O
has	O
become	O
more	O
realistic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
general	O
,	O
sim	B-Application
racing	I-Application
gameplay	O
style	O
applied	O
in	O
several	O
video	O
games	O
like	O
iRacing	B-Application
,	O
Assetto	B-Application
Corsa	I-Application
and	O
Assetto	B-Application
Corsa	I-Application
Competizione	I-Application
,	O
Gran	B-Application
Turismo	I-Application
,	O
among	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
the	O
division	O
between	O
arcade-style	O
racing	O
and	O
sim	B-Application
racing	I-Application
,	O
the	O
earliest	O
attempts	O
at	O
providing	O
driving	O
simulation	O
experiences	O
were	O
arcade	O
racing	O
video	O
games	O
,	O
dating	O
back	O
to	O
Pole	B-Application
Position	I-Application
,	O
a	O
1982	O
arcade	O
game	O
developed	O
by	O
Namco	O
,	O
which	O
the	O
game	O
's	O
publisher	O
Atari	O
publicized	O
for	O
its	O
"	O
unbelievable	O
driving	O
realism	O
"	O
in	O
providing	O
a	O
Formula	B-Application
1	I-Application
experience	O
behind	O
a	O
racing	B-Application
wheel	I-Application
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
featured	O
other	O
AI	B-Application
cars	O
to	O
race	O
against	O
,	O
crashes	O
caused	O
by	O
collisions	O
with	O
other	O
vehicles	O
and	O
roadside	O
signs	O
,	O
and	O
introduced	O
a	O
qualifying	O
lap	O
concept	O
where	O
the	O
player	O
needs	O
to	O
complete	O
a	O
time	O
trial	O
before	O
they	O
can	O
compete	O
in	O
Grand	O
Prix	O
races	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pole	B-Application
Position	I-Application
II	I-Application
was	O
released	O
in	O
1983	B-Application
and	O
featured	O
several	O
improvements	O
like	O
giving	O
the	O
player	O
the	O
choice	O
of	O
different	O
race	O
courses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TX-1	B-Application
,	O
developed	O
by	O
Tatsumi	O
in	O
1983	B-Application
,	O
was	O
licensed	O
to	O
Namco	O
,	O
who	O
in	O
turn	O
licensed	O
it	O
to	O
Atari	O
in	O
America	O
,	O
thus	O
the	O
game	O
is	O
considered	O
a	O
successor	O
to	O
Pole	B-Application
Position	I-Application
II	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
TX-1	B-Application
,	O
however	O
,	O
placed	O
a	O
greater	O
emphasis	O
on	O
realism	O
,	O
with	O
details	O
such	O
as	O
forcing	O
players	O
to	O
brake	O
or	O
downshift	O
the	O
gear	O
during	O
corners	O
to	O
avoid	O
the	O
risk	O
of	O
losing	O
control	O
,	O
and	O
let	O
go	O
of	O
the	O
accelerator	O
when	O
going	O
into	O
a	O
skid	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
regain	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
steering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
used	O
force	B-Device
feedback	I-Device
technology	O
,	O
which	O
caused	O
the	O
steering	O
wheel	O
to	O
vibrate	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
game	O
also	O
featured	O
a	O
unique	O
three-screen	O
arcade	O
display	O
for	O
a	O
more	O
three-dimensional	O
perspective	O
of	O
the	O
track	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
mid-1980s	O
,	O
it	O
became	O
a	O
trend	O
for	O
arcade	O
racing	O
games	O
to	O
use	O
hydraulic	O
motion	B-General_Concept
simulator	I-General_Concept
arcade	O
cabinets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
"	O
taikan	O
"	O
trend	O
began	O
when	O
Yu	O
Suzuki	O
's	O
team	O
at	O
Sega	O
(	O
later	O
known	O
as	O
Sega	O
AM2	O
)	O
developed	O
Hang-On	B-Application
(	O
1985	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
racing	O
video	O
game	O
where	O
the	O
player	O
sits	O
on	O
and	O
moves	O
a	O
motorbike	O
replica	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
in-game	O
actions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hang-On	B-Application
was	O
a	O
popular	O
Grand	O
Prix	O
style	O
rear-view	O
motorbike	O
racer	O
,	O
was	O
considered	O
the	O
first	O
full-body-experience	O
video	O
game	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
regarded	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
motorbike	O
simulator	O
for	O
its	O
realism	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
in	O
both	O
the	O
handling	O
of	O
the	O
player	O
's	O
motorbike	O
and	O
the	O
AI	B-Application
of	O
the	O
computer-controlled	O
motorcyclists	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
used	O
force	B-Device
feedback	I-Device
technology	O
and	O
was	O
also	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
arcade	O
games	O
to	O
use	O
16-bit	B-Application
graphics	I-Application
and	O
Sega	O
's	O
"	O
Super	O
Scaler	O
"	O
technology	O
that	O
allowed	O
pseudo-3D	O
sprite-scaling	O
at	O
high	O
frame	O
rates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Suzuki	O
's	O
team	O
at	O
Sega	O
followed	O
it	O
with	O
hydraulic	O
motion	B-General_Concept
simulator	I-General_Concept
cabinets	O
for	O
later	O
racing	O
games	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Out	B-Application
Run	I-Application
in	O
1986	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1986	B-Application
,	O
Konami	O
released	O
WEC	B-Application
Le	I-Application
Mans	I-Application
,	O
an	O
early	O
car	O
driving	O
simulator	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
24	O
Hours	O
of	O
Le	O
Mans	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
featured	O
a	O
day-night	O
cycle	O
,	O
accurately	O
simulated	O
courses	O
approved	O
by	O
the	O
Automobile	O
Club	O
de	O
l'Ouest	O
,	O
and	O
force	B-Device
feedback	I-Device
to	O
simulate	O
road	O
vibration	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
vibrating	O
steering	O
wheel	O
that	O
reacts	O
to	O
the	O
driver	O
's	O
acceleration	O
and	O
off-road	O
bumps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
racing	O
game	O
with	O
simulation	O
pretensions	O
on	O
a	O
home	O
system	O
is	O
believed	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
Chequered	B-Application
Flag	I-Application
,	O
released	O
by	O
Psion	O
on	O
the	O
8-bit	O
ZX	B-Operating_System
Spectrum	I-Operating_System
in	O
1983	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
REVS	B-Application
,	O
followed	O
in	O
1986	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
REVS	B-Application
was	O
a	O
Formula	O
3	O
sim	O
that	O
delivered	O
a	O
semi-realistic	O
driving	O
experience	O
by	O
Geoff	O
Crammond	O
that	O
ran	O
on	O
the	O
Commodore	O
64	O
and	O
BBC	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
REVS	B-Application
had	O
a	O
big	O
fan	O
base	O
in	O
England	O
,	O
but	O
not	O
so	O
much	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3D	O
polygon	O
graphics	O
appeared	O
in	O
arcade	O
racing	B-Application
simulators	I-Application
with	O
Namco	O
's	O
Winning	B-Application
Run	I-Application
(	O
1988	O
)	O
and	O
Atari	O
's	O
Hard	B-Application
Drivin	I-Application
 '	I-Application
(	O
1989	B-Application
)	O
,	O
the	O
latter	O
also	O
becoming	O
a	O
staple	O
on	O
home	O
computers	O
,	O
where	O
it	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
widely	O
played	O
simulators	O
up	O
to	O
that	O
point	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
late	O
1980s	O
to	O
early	O
1990s	O
,	O
arcade	O
racing	O
games	O
such	O
as	O
Out	B-Application
Run	I-Application
and	O
Virtua	B-Application
Racing	I-Application
(	O
1992	O
)	O
had	O
increasingly	O
elaborate	O
,	O
hydraulic	O
motion	B-General_Concept
simulator	I-General_Concept
arcade	O
cabinets	O
,	O
with	O
arcade	O
racers	O
such	O
as	O
Virtua	B-Application
Racing	I-Application
and	O
Daytona	B-Application
USA	I-Application
(	O
1993	O
)	O
increasingly	O
focused	O
on	O
simulating	O
the	O
speed	O
and	O
thrills	O
of	O
racing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
arcade	O
racing	O
games	O
gradually	O
moved	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
more	O
difficult	O
simulation	O
style	O
of	O
Pole	B-Application
Position	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sim	B-Application
racing	I-Application
is	O
generally	O
acknowledged	O
to	O
have	O
really	O
taken	O
off	O
in	O
1989	B-Application
with	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
Papyrus	O
Design	O
Group	O
's	O
Indianapolis	B-Application
500	I-Application
:	I-Application
The	I-Application
Simulation	I-Application
,	O
designed	O
by	O
David	O
Kaemmer	O
and	O
Omar	O
Khudari	O
on	O
16-bit	O
computer	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
is	O
often	O
generally	O
regarded	O
as	O
the	O
personal	O
computer	O
's	O
first	O
true	O
auto	B-Application
racing	I-Application
simulation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
around	O
this	O
time	O
that	O
sim	B-Application
racing	I-Application
began	O
distinguishing	O
itself	O
from	O
arcade-style	O
racing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Consoles	O
saw	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Human	O
Entertainment	O
's	O
Fastest	B-Application
1	I-Application
for	O
the	O
Sega	B-Operating_System
Mega	I-Operating_System
Drive/Genesis	I-Operating_System
in	O
1991	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
considered	O
the	O
most	O
realistic	O
Formula	B-Application
1	I-Application
racing	B-Application
simulation	I-Application
up	O
until	O
that	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
next	O
major	O
milestone	O
was	O
the	O
1992	O
release	O
of	O
Formula	B-Application
One	I-Application
Grand	I-Application
Prix	I-Application
(	O
AKA	O
World	B-Application
Circuit	I-Application
in	O
some	O
markets	O
)	O
by	O
MicroProse	O
,	O
also	O
developed	O
by	O
Geoff	O
Crammond	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Papyrus	O
followed	O
up	O
Indy	O
500	O
with	O
IndyCar	B-Application
Racing	I-Application
in	O
1993	O
and	O
F1GP	O
was	O
surpassed	O
in	O
all	O
areas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IndyCar	B-Application
Racing	I-Application
sold	O
around	O
300,000	O
copies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
variant	O
of	O
Papyrus	O
 '	O
NASCAR	B-Application
Racing	I-Application
series	O
was	O
launched	O
in	O
1994	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Suddenly	O
a	O
resolution	O
of	O
320×200	O
seemed	O
a	O
poor	O
option	O
and	O
NASCAR	B-Application
Racing	I-Application
was	O
the	O
race	O
sim	O
of	O
choice	O
for	O
anyone	O
with	O
a	O
capable	O
PC	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NASCAR	B-Application
Racing	I-Application
sold	O
over	O
one	O
million	O
units	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moreover	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
real	O
online	O
racing	O
started	O
with	O
NASCAR	B-Application
Racing	I-Application
using	O
the	O
"	O
Hawaii	O
"	O
dial-in	O
servers	O
and	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
uncommon	O
for	O
these	O
early	O
sim	O
racers	O
to	O
have	O
$300	O
to	O
$1500	O
phone	O
bills	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Online	O
racing	O
had	O
seen	O
its	O
first	O
true	O
realization	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
many	O
,	O
this	O
was	O
the	O
dawn	O
of	O
"	O
real	O
"	O
sim	B-Application
racing	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
1995	O
saw	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
IndyCar	B-Application
Racing	I-Application
II	I-Application
,	O
updating	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
NASCAR	O
graphics	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
year	O
later	O
,	O
MicroProse	O
released	O
the	O
successor	O
to	O
F1GP	O
,	O
Grand	B-Application
Prix	I-Application
2	I-Application
,	O
to	O
much	O
anticipation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GP2	O
became	O
successful	O
not	O
just	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
detailed	O
and	O
thorough	O
simulation	O
of	O
the	O
1994	O
Formula	B-Application
1	I-Application
season	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
because	O
it	O
was	O
customizable	O
;	O
this	O
was	O
achievable	O
by	O
way	O
of	O
the	O
online	O
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1996	O
,	O
NASCAR	B-Application
Racing	I-Application
2	I-Application
was	O
released	O
,	O
further	O
improving	O
the	O
original	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
sim	O
racers	O
exploded	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TEN	O
multiplayer	O
hosting	O
service	O
was	O
introduced	O
and	O
went	O
live	O
in	O
November	O
1997	O
with	O
the	O
backing	O
of	O
NASCAR	O
and	O
the	O
online	O
sim	B-Application
racing	I-Application
community	O
grew	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1997	O
,	O
Gran	B-Application
Turismo	I-Application
was	O
released	O
for	O
the	O
PlayStation	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
considered	O
the	O
most	O
realistic	O
racing	B-Application
simulation	I-Application
for	O
consoles	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
featuring	O
a	O
wealth	O
of	O
meticulous	O
tuning	O
options	O
and	O
an	O
open-ended	O
career	O
mode	O
where	O
players	O
had	O
to	O
undertake	O
driving	O
tests	O
to	O
acquire	O
driving	O
licenses	O
,	O
earn	O
their	O
way	O
into	O
races	O
and	O
choose	O
their	O
own	O
career	O
path	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
introduced	O
the	O
racing	B-Application
simulation	I-Application
genre	O
to	O
home	B-Device
consoles	I-Device
,	O
becoming	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
all	O
modern	O
racing	B-Application
simulations	I-Application
on	O
video	B-Device
game	I-Device
consoles	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Graphics	B-Architecture
accelerator	I-Architecture
cards	O
brought	O
a	O
new	O
level	O
of	O
realism	O
to	O
the	O
graphics	O
and	O
physics	O
of	O
sim	B-Application
racing	I-Application
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
new	O
graphics	B-Architecture
processing	I-Architecture
units	I-Architecture
provided	O
texture	O
mapping	O
,	O
antialiasing	B-Algorithm
,	O
particle	O
effects	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
fog	O
,	O
rain	O
and	O
snow	O
)	O
,	O
HDR	B-Device
and	O
the	O
capability	O
to	O
perform	O
polygonal	O
calculations	O
faster	O
,	O
while	O
taking	O
the	O
load	O
off	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
F1	B-Application
Racing	I-Application
Simulation	I-Application
by	O
Ubisoft	O
,	O
was	O
among	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
utilize	O
the	O
new	O
technology	O
in	O
1997	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
years	O
of	O
development	O
,	O
Microprose	O
released	O
Grand	B-Application
Prix	I-Application
3	I-Application
,	O
which	O
used	O
a	O
more	O
modern	O
graphics	O
engine	O
and	O
featured	O
the	O
same	O
customizable	O
structure	O
of	O
GP2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
milestone	O
in	O
sim	B-Application
racing	I-Application
came	O
in	O
1998	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Papyrus’	O
Grand	B-Application
Prix	I-Application
Legends	I-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
1967	O
F1	O
season	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
many	O
players	O
,	O
their	O
first	O
real	O
experience	O
of	O
sim	B-Application
racing	I-Application
was	O
through	O
GPL	O
or	O
one	O
of	O
its	O
many	O
derivatives	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
NASCAR	B-Application
Racing	I-Application
2003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
its	O
age	O
,	O
GPL	O
has	O
remained	O
a	O
common	O
benchmark	O
for	O
Racing	B-Application
Sims	I-Application
even	O
in	O
the	O
modern	O
era	O
thanks	O
to	O
a	O
strong	O
community	O
who	O
continue	O
creating	O
new	O
content	O
for	O
the	O
game	O
to	O
this	O
very	O
day	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wired	O
magazine	O
wrote	O
an	O
in-depth	O
article	O
about	O
racing	B-Application
sims	I-Application
called	O
Hard	O
Drive	O
in	O
their	O
February	O
1997	O
issue	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1997	O
,	O
TORCS	B-Application
was	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sega	O
AM2	O
's	O
1999	O
arcade	O
game	O
Ferrari	B-Application
F355	I-Application
Challenge	I-Application
,	O
later	O
ported	O
to	O
the	B-Operating_System
Dreamcast	I-Operating_System
in	O
2000	O
,	O
was	O
considered	O
the	O
most	O
accurate	O
simulation	O
of	O
the	O
Ferrari	O
F355	O
possible	O
up	O
until	O
that	O
time	O
;	O
its	O
focus	O
on	O
realism	O
was	O
considered	O
unusual	O
for	O
an	O
arcade	O
game	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
Grand	B-Application
Prix	I-Application
Legends	I-Application
,	O
its	O
publisher	O
Image	O
Space	O
Incorporated	O
has	O
produced	O
its	O
own	O
sims	O
such	O
as	O
Sports	B-Application
Car	I-Application
GT	I-Application
in	O
1999	O
and	O
the	O
officially-licensed	O
F1	O
series	O
starting	O
in	O
2000	O
,	O
all	O
published	O
by	O
Electronic	O
Arts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
such	O
community	O
,	O
Simbin	O
,	O
have	O
created	O
their	O
own	O
company	O
and	O
have	O
released	O
several	O
games	O
themselves	O
,	O
including	O
GTR	B-Device
–	I-Device
FIA	I-Device
GT	I-Device
Racing	I-Device
Game	I-Device
,	O
GT	B-Application
Legends	I-Application
,	O
GTR	B-Application
2	I-Application
,	O
RACE	B-Application
–	I-Application
The	I-Application
Official	I-Application
WTCC	I-Application
Game	I-Application
,	O
RACE	B-Application
07	I-Application
,	O
STCC	B-Application
–	I-Application
The	I-Application
Game	I-Application
,	O
GTR	B-Application
Evolution	I-Application
,	O
Race	O
On	O
and	O
the	O
Free-to-Play	O
RaceRoom	B-Application
Racing	I-Application
Experience	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2003	O
,	O
a	O
3-man	O
team	O
began	O
developing	O
Live	B-Application
for	I-Application
Speed	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2004	O
,	O
rally	O
fans	O
received	O
the	O
first	O
true	O
rally	O
sim	O
with	O
Richard	B-Application
Burns	I-Application
Rally	I-Application
,	O
which	O
to	O
this	O
day	O
is	O
still	O
recognised	O
by	O
its	O
community	O
as	O
the	O
best	O
rally	O
sim	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2005	O
,	O
Image	O
Space	O
Incorporated	O
released	O
rFactor	B-Application
,	O
a	O
highly	O
modifiable	O
sim	O
based	O
on	O
their	O
Motor2	O
physics	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notable	O
for	O
its	O
initial	O
download-only	O
distribution	O
model	O
,	O
rFactor	B-Application
originally	O
released	O
with	O
fictional	O
cars	O
and	O
tracks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thanks	O
to	O
its	O
enthusiastic	O
and	O
ongoing	O
modding	O
community	O
,	O
the	O
game	O
has	O
remained	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
best	O
racing	B-Application
sims	I-Application
around	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2006	O
,	O
SimBin	O
Studios	O
released	O
GTR	B-Application
2	I-Application
(	O
itself	O
a	O
sequel	O
to	O
GTR	B-Device
–	I-Device
FIA	I-Device
GT	I-Device
Racing	I-Device
Game	I-Device
)	O
,	O
a	O
sports	O
car	O
racing	B-Application
simulator	I-Application
developed	O
with	O
input	O
from	O
the	O
actual	O
racing	O
teams	O
which	O
took	O
part	O
in	O
the	O
FIA	O
GT	B-Application
2003	O
/	O
2004	O
seasons	O
(	O
FIA	O
GT	B-Application
Championship	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2006	O
,	O
Kunos	O
Simulazioni	O
released	O
netKar	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
,	O
a	O
new	O
version	O
of	O
netKar	O
which	O
aimed	O
to	O
bring	O
together	O
highly	O
accurate	O
physics	O
and	O
sound	O
modeling	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
DirectX	B-Application
9	I-Application
graphics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
tools	O
for	O
modifying	O
NKP	O
were	O
announced	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
game	O
is	O
now	O
considered	O
obsolete	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
release	O
company	O
’s	O
other	O
sim	O
,	O
Assetto	B-Application
Corsa	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2008	O
,	O
David	O
Kaemmer	O
,	O
co-founder	O
of	O
the	O
now-defunct	O
Papyrus	O
,	O
released	O
iRacing	B-Application
,	O
a	O
multiplayer-oriented	O
simulator	O
run	O
on	O
a	O
subscription	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
,	O
Kunos	O
Simulazioni	O
started	O
developing	O
Assetto	B-Application
Corsa	I-Application
,	O
a	O
sim	O
built	O
on	O
experience	O
gained	O
from	O
netKar	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
and	O
Ferrari	B-Application
Virtual	I-Application
Academy	I-Application
but	O
with	O
an	O
entirely	O
new	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2012	O
,	O
ISI	O
launched	O
the	O
open	O
beta	O
of	O
rFactor2	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
however	O
Studio	O
397	O
took	O
over	O
development	O
of	O
rFactor2	B-Application
with	O
the	O
aim	O
to	O
revamp	O
and	O
revive	O
the	O
title	O
,	O
making	O
huge	O
efforts	O
to	O
bring	O
the	O
series	O
back	O
to	O
its	O
prime	O
with	O
extensive	O
customisation	O
and	O
detailed	O
physics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
,	O
Sector3	O
Studios	O
(	O
formerly	O
SimBin	O
)	O
released	O
RaceRoom	B-Application
,	O
a	O
free-to-play	O
simulator	O
for	O
Microsoft	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Around	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
Eugene	O
Cojocar	O
of	O
Exotypos	O
also	O
released	O
X	B-Application
Motor	I-Application
Racing	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
in	O
2013	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
direct-drive	B-Application
wheel	I-Application
was	O
released	O
commercially	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
Slightly	O
Mad	O
Studios	O
launched	O
Project	B-Device
CARS	I-Device
for	O
Windows	O
,	O
PlayStation	B-Device
4	O
and	O
Xbox	B-Protocol
One	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
was	O
unique	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
Crowdfunded	O
,	O
CARS	O
standing	O
for	O
Community	O
Assisted	O
Racing	B-Application
Simulator	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
Brazil	O
's	O
Reiza	O
Studios	O
released	O
Automobilista	O
,	O
a	O
racing	B-Application
simulator	I-Application
featuring	O
,	O
among	O
others	O
,	O
Formula	O
Truck	O
racing	O
,	O
Rallycross	O
and	O
some	O
lesser	O
known	O
Brazilian	O
racing	O
classes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2017	O
,	O
Project	B-Application
CARS	I-Application
2	I-Application
was	O
launched	O
by	O
Slightly	O
Mad	O
Studios	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
the	O
successor	O
to	O
Project	B-Device
CARS	I-Device
and	O
used	O
suggestions	O
from	O
the	O
community	O
to	O
help	O
improve	O
upon	O
the	O
previous	O
version	O
,	O
introducing	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
Rallycross	O
,	O
improved	O
graphics	O
and	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2019	O
,	O
Kunos	O
Simulazioni	O
launched	O
Assetto	B-Application
Corsa	I-Application
Competizione	I-Application
,	O
the	O
spiritual	O
successor	O
to	O
their	O
wildly	O
successful	O
Assetto	B-Application
Corsa	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
aims	O
to	O
provide	O
an	O
accurate	O
simulation	O
of	O
GT3	O
Racing	O
and	O
uses	O
the	O
official	O
license	O
for	O
the	O
Blancpain	O
GT	B-Application
Endurance	O
Series	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Unreal	O
Engine	O
4	O
for	O
vastly	O
improved	O
graphics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2020	O
Reiza	O
Studios	O
released	O
Automobilista	B-Application
2	I-Application
,	O
a	O
successor	O
to	O
their	O
popular	O
Automobilista	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
uses	O
the	O
madness	O
engine	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
one	O
used	O
for	O
Project	B-Application
CARS	I-Application
2	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
the	O
cancellation	O
of	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
2020	O
Formula	B-Application
1	I-Application
season	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
COVID-19	O
pandemic	O
,	O
many	O
F1	O
drivers	O
such	O
as	O
George	O
Russell	O
,	O
Lando	O
Norris	O
and	O
Alexander	O
Albon	O
took	O
part	O
in	O
Virtual	O
Grand	O
Prix	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
online	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
official	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
his	O
free	O
time	O
,	O
2021	O
and	O
2022	O
Formula	O
One	O
World	O
Champion	O
Max	O
Verstappen	O
enjoys	O
sim	B-Application
racing	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Having	O
taken	O
part	O
in	O
many	O
sim	B-Application
racing	I-Application
competitions	O
,	O
Verstappen	O
stated	O
that	O
it	O
helps	O
him	O
with	O
his	O
real	O
life	O
racing	O
,	O
keeping	O
him	O
"	O
ready	O
to	O
go	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Verstappen	O
is	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
Team	O
Redline	O
;	O
a	O
multinational	O
sim	B-Application
racing	I-Application
team	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
the	O
topic	O
of	O
E-Sports	O
is	O
ever	O
growing	O
in	O
the	O
sim	B-Application
racing	I-Application
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sim	B-Application
racing	I-Application
games	O
that	O
include	O
some	O
form	O
of	O
ranked	O
online	O
racing	O
are	O
iRacing	B-Application
(	O
with	O
iRating	O
and	O
safety	O
rating	O
)	O
,	O
Gran	B-Application
Turismo	I-Application
Sport	I-Application
(	O
with	O
Driver	O
Class	O
and	O
Sportsmanship	O
Points	O
)	O
,	O
Project	B-Application
CARS	I-Application
2	I-Application
(	O
Racecraft	O
Ranking	O
and	O
Skill	O
Rating	O
)	O
,	O
RaceRoom	B-Application
(	O
with	O
Reputation	O
Rating	O
and	O
Rating	O
)	O
,	O
Gran	B-Application
Turismo	I-Application
7	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Assetto	B-Application
Corsa	I-Application
Competizione	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
sims	O
have	O
similar	O
systems	O
under	O
development	O
,	O
like	O
Automobilista	B-Application
2	I-Application
and	O
rFactor	B-Application
2	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
2022	O
FIA	O
Motorsport	O
Games	O
,	O
Assetto	B-Application
Corsa	I-Application
Competizione	I-Application
was	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
events	O
discipline	O
titled	O
Esports	O
Cup	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
iRacing	B-Application
is	O
home	O
of	O
the	O
eNascar	O
Coca	O
Cola	O
iRacing	B-Application
Series	O
,	O
Porsche	O
TAG	O
Heuer	O
Esports	O
Supercup	O
,	O
World	O
of	O
Outlaws	O
series	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Live	O
broadcasts	O
are	O
featured	O
on	O
Twitch	O
,	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
Facebook	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
In	O
2023	O
Gran	B-Application
Turismo	I-Application
7	I-Application
will	O
be	O
hosting	O
the	O
Olympic	B-Application
Esports	O
Series	O
,	O
sanctioned	O
by	O
Fédération	O
Internationale	O
de	O
l'Automobile	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2023	O
German	O
esports	O
organizer	O
ESL	O
announced	O
a	O
new	O
sim	B-Application
racing	I-Application
competition	O
in	O
collaboration	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
sim	B-Application
racing	I-Application
platform	O
RENNSPORT	O
.	O
</s>
