<s>
Silly	B-Protocol
window	I-Protocol
syndrome	I-Protocol
(	O
SWS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
problem	O
in	O
computer	B-Architecture
networking	I-Architecture
caused	O
by	O
poorly	O
implemented	O
TCP	B-Protocol
flow	O
control	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
a	O
server	B-Application
with	O
this	O
problem	O
is	O
unable	O
to	O
process	O
all	O
incoming	O
data	O
,	O
it	O
requests	O
that	O
its	O
clients	O
reduce	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
data	O
they	O
send	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
(	O
the	O
window	O
setting	O
on	O
a	O
TCP	B-Protocol
packet	B-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
server	B-Application
continues	O
to	O
be	O
unable	O
to	O
process	O
all	O
incoming	O
data	O
,	O
the	O
window	O
becomes	O
smaller	O
and	O
smaller	O
,	O
sometimes	O
to	O
the	O
point	O
that	O
the	O
data	O
transmitted	O
is	O
smaller	O
than	O
the	O
packet	B-Protocol
header	O
,	O
making	O
data	O
transmission	O
extremely	O
inefficient	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
certain	O
amount	O
of	O
overhead	O
associated	O
with	O
processing	O
each	O
packet	B-Protocol
,	O
the	O
increased	O
number	O
of	O
packets	B-Protocol
means	O
increased	O
overhead	O
to	O
process	O
a	O
decreasing	O
amount	O
of	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
end	O
result	O
is	O
thrashing	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
synchronization	O
between	O
the	O
sender	O
and	O
receiver	O
regarding	O
capacity	O
of	O
the	O
flow	O
of	O
data	O
or	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
packet	B-Protocol
,	O
the	O
window	O
syndrome	O
problem	O
is	O
created	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
silly	B-Protocol
window	I-Protocol
syndrome	I-Protocol
is	O
created	O
by	O
the	O
sender	O
,	O
Nagle	B-Protocol
's	I-Protocol
algorithm	I-Protocol
is	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
silly	B-Protocol
window	I-Protocol
syndrome	I-Protocol
is	O
created	O
by	O
the	O
receiver	O
,	O
David	O
D	O
Clark	O
's	O
solution	O
is	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Clark	O
's	O
solution	O
closes	O
the	O
window	O
until	O
another	O
segment	O
of	O
maximum	O
segment	O
size	O
(	O
MSS	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
received	O
or	O
the	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
is	O
half	O
empty	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
heuristic	B-Algorithm
method	O
where	O
the	O
send	O
TCP	B-Protocol
must	O
allow	O
the	O
sending	O
application	O
to	O
make	O
"	O
write	O
"	O
calls	O
,	O
and	O
collect	O
the	O
data	O
transferred	O
in	O
each	O
call	O
before	O
transmitting	O
it	O
into	O
a	O
large	O
segment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
sending	O
TCP	B-Protocol
delays	O
sending	O
segments	O
until	O
it	O
can	O
accumulate	O
reasonable	O
amounts	O
of	O
data	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
known	O
as	O
clumping	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
heuristic	B-Algorithm
method	O
that	O
a	O
receiver	O
uses	O
to	O
maintain	O
an	O
internal	O
record	O
of	O
the	O
available	O
window	O
,	O
and	O
delay	O
advertising	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
window	O
size	O
to	O
the	O
sender	O
until	O
it	O
can	O
advance	O
a	O
significant	O
amount	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
amount	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
receiver	O
's	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
size	O
and	O
maximum	O
segment	O
size	O
.	O
</s>
