<s>
Sidra	B-Application
Intersection	I-Application
(	O
styled	O
SIDRA	B-Application
,	O
previously	O
called	O
Sidra	B-Application
and	O
aaSidra	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
software	O
package	O
used	O
for	O
intersection	O
(	O
junction	O
)	O
,	O
interchange	O
and	O
network	O
capacity	O
,	O
level	O
of	O
service	O
and	O
performance	O
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
signalised	O
intersection	O
,	O
interchange	O
and	O
network	O
timing	O
calculations	O
by	O
traffic	O
design	O
,	O
operations	O
and	O
planning	O
professionals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latest	O
Version	O
9.1	O
introduced	O
important	O
traffic	O
model	O
enhancements	O
and	O
extensive	O
user	O
interface	O
and	O
model	O
output	O
improvements	O
including	O
network	O
layout	O
and	O
roundabout	B-Application
layout	O
enhancements	O
,	O
and	O
customised	O
reports	O
and	O
displays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
model	O
enhancements	O
include	O
output	O
by	O
Movement	O
Class	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
Variable	O
Demand	O
model	O
,	O
upstream	O
delay	O
and	O
stop	O
rate	O
model	O
for	O
approach	O
short	O
lanes	O
,	O
the	O
HCM	O
Edition	O
6	O
Extended	O
Roundabout	B-Application
Capacity	O
Model	O
and	O
a	O
combined	O
pedestrian	O
actuation	O
and	O
minor	O
phase	O
actuation	O
method	O
for	O
signal	O
timing	O
calculations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sidra	B-Application
Intersection	I-Application
is	O
a	O
micro-analytical	O
traffic	O
evaluation	O
tool	O
that	O
employs	O
lane-by-lane	O
and	O
vehicle	O
drive	O
cycle	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
compare	O
alternative	O
treatments	O
of	O
individual	O
intersections	O
and	O
networks	O
of	O
intersections	O
involving	O
signalised	O
intersections	O
(	O
fixed-time/pretimed	O
and	O
actuated	O
)	O
,	O
roundabouts	B-Application
(	O
not	O
signalised	O
)	O
,	O
roundabouts	B-Application
with	O
metering	O
signals	O
,	O
fully	O
signalised	O
roundabouts	B-Application
,	O
two-way	O
stop	O
and	O
give-way	O
(	O
yield	O
)	O
sign	O
control	O
,	O
all-way	O
(	O
4-way	O
and	O
3-way	O
)	O
stop	O
sign	O
control	O
,	O
merging	O
,	O
single-point	O
urban	O
interchanges	O
,	O
traditional	O
diamond	O
and	O
diverging	O
diamond	O
interchanges	O
,	O
basic	O
freeway	O
segments	O
,	O
signalised	O
and	O
unsignalised	O
(	O
zebra	O
)	O
midblock	O
crossings	O
for	O
pedestrians	O
,	O
merging	O
analysis	O
and	O
network	O
modelling	O
of	O
these	O
intersection	O
and	O
interchange	O
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sidra	B-Application
Intersection	I-Application
allows	O
modelling	O
of	O
separate	O
Movement	O
Classes	O
(	O
Light	O
Vehicles	O
,	O
Heavy	O
Vehicles	O
,	O
Buses	O
,	O
Bicycles	O
,	O
Large	O
Trucks	O
,	O
Light	O
Rail/Trams	O
and	O
six	O
User	O
Classes	O
)	O
with	O
different	O
vehicle	O
characteristics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Australia	O
and	O
New	O
Zealand	O
,	O
Sidra	B-Application
Intersection	I-Application
is	O
endorsed	O
by	O
Austroads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
the	O
US	O
Highway	O
Capacity	O
Manual	O
,	O
TRB/FHWA	O
2010	O
Roundabout	B-Application
Guide	O
(	O
NCHRP	O
Report	O
672	O
)	O
and	O
various	O
roundabout	B-Application
guides	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
lane-by-lane	O
capacity	O
and	O
performance	O
analysis	O
method	O
used	O
by	O
Sidra	B-Application
Intersection	I-Application
includes	O
identifying	O
any	O
de	O
facto	O
exclusive	O
lanes	O
,	O
unequal	O
lane	O
utilisation	O
,	O
lane	O
change	O
,	O
modelling	O
of	O
short	O
lanes	O
(	O
turn	O
bays	O
,	O
lanes	O
with	O
parking	O
upstream	O
,	O
and	O
loss	O
of	O
a	O
lane	O
at	O
the	O
exit	O
side	O
)	O
including	O
delays	O
and	O
stops	O
experienced	O
by	O
drivers	O
in	O
the	O
queue	O
upstream	O
of	O
short	O
lane	O
entry	O
,	O
and	O
lane	O
blockage	O
in	O
shared	O
lanes	O
including	O
lanes	O
containing	O
opposed	O
(	O
permitted	O
)	O
turns	O
,	O
slip	O
(	O
bypass	O
)	O
lane	O
movements	O
and	O
turns	O
on	O
red	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SIDRA	B-Application
NETWORK	O
model	O
provides	O
a	O
lane-based	O
congestion	O
modelling	O
tool	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
facilities	O
include	O
staggered	O
T	O
intersections	O
,	O
freeway	O
signalised	O
diamond	O
interchanges	O
,	O
freeway	O
roundabout	B-Application
interchanges	O
,	O
fully	O
signalised	O
roundabouts	B-Application
(	O
including	O
signalised	O
circulating	O
roads	O
)	O
,	O
large	O
signalised	O
intersections	O
with	O
wide	O
median	O
storage	O
areas	O
,	O
staged	O
crossings	O
at	O
sign-controlled	O
intersections	O
,	O
intersections	O
with	O
nearby	O
pedestrian	O
crossings	O
,	O
and	O
alternative	O
intersection	O
and	O
interchange	O
configurations	O
such	O
as	O
diverging	O
diamond	O
interchanges	O
(	O
signalised	O
)	O
,	O
continuous	O
flow	O
intersections	O
,	O
restricted	O
cross-street	O
U-turns	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sidra	B-Application
Intersection	I-Application
provides	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
intersection	O
and	O
network	O
performance	O
measures	O
and	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
alternative	O
Level	O
of	O
Service	O
(	O
LOS	O
)	O
methods	O
and	O
LOS	O
Target	O
settings	O
to	O
determine	O
acceptable	O
intersection	O
and	O
network	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sidra	B-Application
Intersection	I-Application
allows	O
analysis	O
of	O
single-lane	O
and	O
multi-lane	O
roundabouts	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
employs	O
a	O
combined	O
(	O
hybrid	O
)	O
geometry	O
and	O
gap-acceptance	O
modelling	O
approach	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
take	O
into	O
account	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
roundabout	B-Application
geometry	O
on	O
driver	O
behaviour	O
directly	O
through	O
gap-acceptance	O
modelling	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
offers	O
SIDRA	B-Application
Standard	O
,	O
SIDRA	B-Application
Standard	O
(	O
HCM	O
)	O
version	O
under	O
the	O
US	O
HCM	O
software	O
setups	O
,	O
US	O
HCM	O
6	O
,	O
US	O
HCM	O
6	O
Extended	O
and	O
US	O
HCM	O
2010	O
roundabout	B-Application
capacity	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
roundabout	B-Application
capacity	O
model	O
in	O
HCM	O
Edition	O
7	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
model	O
in	O
HCM	O
Edition	O
6	O
where	O
it	O
was	O
first	O
introduced	O
,	O
the	O
"	O
HCM	O
6	O
"	O
roundabout	B-Application
capacity	O
model	O
continues	O
to	O
apply	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HCM	O
6	O
Extended	O
model	O
was	O
developed	O
for	O
SIDRA	B-Application
INTERSECTION	I-Application
based	O
on	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
roundabout	B-Application
surveys	O
carried	O
out	O
for	O
Wisconsin	O
DOT	O
in	O
the	O
USA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sidra	B-Application
Intersection	I-Application
software	O
includes	O
templates	O
for	O
roundabouts	B-Application
including	O
all	O
roundabout	B-Application
examples	O
given	O
in	O
MUTCD	O
2009	O
and	O
TRB/FHWA	O
2010	O
Roundabout	B-Application
Informational	O
Guide	O
(	O
NCHRP	O
Report	O
672	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Roundabout	B-Application
Metering	O
analysis	O
method	O
allows	O
the	O
evaluation	O
of	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
metering	O
signals	O
on	O
roundabout	B-Application
capacity	O
and	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Metering	O
signals	O
help	O
to	O
solve	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
excessive	O
queuing	O
and	O
delays	O
at	O
approaches	O
affected	O
by	O
unbalanced	O
traffic	O
streams	O
at	O
roundabouts	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fully	O
signalised	O
roundabouts	B-Application
can	O
be	O
modelled	O
as	O
a	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
recent	O
NCHRP	O
survey	O
of	O
US	O
state	O
transport	O
agencies	O
found	O
that	O
Sidra	B-Application
Intersection	I-Application
is	O
the	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
software	O
tool	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
for	O
roundabout	B-Application
analysis	O
as	O
reported	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
Transportation	O
Research	O
Board	O
document	O
titled	O
Roundabout	B-Application
Practice	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sidra	B-Application
Intersection	I-Application
includes	O
fixed-time	O
/	O
pretimed	O
(	O
EQUISAT	O
)	O
and	O
actuated	O
signal	O
timing	O
analysis	O
methods	O
for	O
intersections	O
with	O
any	O
geometry	O
allowing	O
for	O
simple	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
complex	O
phasing	O
arrangements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sidra	B-Application
Intersection	I-Application
provides	O
facilities	O
to	O
calibrate	O
its	O
traffic	O
models	O
for	O
local	O
conditions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
particular	O
,	O
the	O
US	O
HCM	O
(	O
Customary	O
and	O
Metric	O
)	O
software	O
setups	O
of	O
SIDRA	B-Application
INTERSECTION	I-Application
are	O
calibrated	O
using	O
model	O
parameters	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
US	O
Highway	O
Capacity	O
Manual	O
(	O
see	O
the	O
section	O
titled	O
"	O
Highway	O
Capacity	O
Manual	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Among	O
many	O
model	O
parameters	O
,	O
the	O
saturation	O
flow	O
parameter	O
for	O
signalized	O
intersections	O
and	O
the	O
critical	O
gap	O
and	O
follow-up	O
headway	O
parameters	O
for	O
roundabouts	B-Application
that	O
are	O
not	O
signalised	O
and	O
sign-controlled	O
intersections	O
are	O
identified	O
as	O
key	O
parameters	O
for	O
calibration	O
to	O
match	O
real-life	O
traffic	O
conditions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sidra	B-Application
Intersection	I-Application
estimates	O
the	O
cost	O
,	O
energy	O
and	O
air	O
pollution	O
implications	O
of	O
intersection	O
design	O
using	O
a	O
four-mode	O
elemental	O
model	O
with	O
detailed	O
acceleration	O
,	O
deceleration	O
,	O
idling	O
and	O
cruise	O
elements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sidra	B-Application
Intersection	I-Application
software	O
complements	O
Highway	O
Capacity	O
Manual	O
(	O
HCM	O
Edition	O
7	O
)	O
as	O
an	O
advanced	O
intersection	O
analysis	O
tool	O
which	O
offers	O
various	O
extensions	O
on	O
the	O
capabilities	O
of	O
the	O
HCM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Highway	O
Capacity	O
Manual	O
version	O
of	O
Sidra	B-Application
Intersection	I-Application
has	O
options	O
for	O
US	O
Customary	O
and	O
Metric	O
units	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
roundabout	B-Application
capacity	O
model	O
for	O
single-lane	O
and	O
multi-lane	O
roundabouts	B-Application
based	O
on	O
research	O
on	O
US	O
roundabouts	B-Application
as	O
described	O
in	O
HCM	O
Edition	O
7	O
,	O
Chapter	O
22	O
is	O
integrated	O
into	O
the	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
US	O
HCM	O
6	O
roundabout	B-Application
capacity	O
model	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
HCM	O
Edition	O
6	O
and	O
which	O
remains	O
unchanged	O
in	O
HCM	O
Edition	O
7	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
lane-based	O
model	O
which	O
is	O
suitable	O
for	O
the	O
extensions	O
implemented	O
in	O
Sidra	B-Application
Intersection	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sidra	B-Application
Intersection	I-Application
was	O
first	O
developed	O
over	O
20	O
years	O
at	O
the	O
(	O
1979	O
–	O
1999	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
technology	O
transfer	O
tool	O
to	O
enable	O
practitioners	O
to	O
use	O
major	O
research	O
results	O
without	O
delay	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
at	O
Akcelik	O
and	O
Associates	O
since	O
2000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
Sidra	B-Application
Intersection	I-Application
includes	O
high	O
technical	O
content	O
based	O
on	O
extensive	O
scientific	O
research	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
formal	O
"	O
effectiveness	O
audit	O
"	O
of	O
related	O
research	O
carried	O
out	O
by	O
an	O
independent	O
panel	O
formed	O
by	O
the	O
Australian	O
Road	O
Research	O
Board	O
in	O
1993	O
noted	O
"	O
the	O
panel	O
rated	O
the	O
technical	O
merit	O
of	O
the	O
research	O
as	O
very	O
high	O
and	O
concluded	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
established	O
international	O
and	O
professional	O
reputations	O
in	O
the	O
fields	O
of	O
traffic	O
signal	O
analysis	O
,	O
roundabout	B-Application
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
energy	O
and	O
emissions	O
modelling	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
