<s>
A	O
server	B-Application
room	I-Application
is	O
a	O
room	O
,	O
usually	O
air-conditioned	O
,	O
devoted	O
to	O
the	O
continuous	O
operation	O
of	O
computer	B-Application
servers	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
entire	O
building	O
or	O
station	O
devoted	O
to	O
this	O
purpose	O
is	O
a	O
data	B-Operating_System
center	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
computers	O
in	O
server	B-Application
rooms	I-Application
are	O
usually	O
headless	B-Application
systems	I-Application
that	O
can	O
be	O
operated	O
remotely	O
via	O
KVM	B-Device
switch	I-Device
or	O
remote	B-Protocol
administration	I-Protocol
software	I-Protocol
,	O
such	O
as	O
Secure	B-Protocol
Shell	I-Protocol
,	O
VNC	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
remote	B-Protocol
desktop	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Climate	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
factors	O
that	O
affects	O
the	O
energy	O
consumption	O
and	O
environmental	O
impact	O
of	O
a	O
server	B-Application
room	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
,	O
countries	O
with	O
favourable	O
conditions	O
such	O
as	O
Canada	O
,	O
Finland	O
,	O
Sweden	O
,	O
and	O
Switzerland	O
are	O
trying	O
to	O
attract	O
companies	O
to	O
site	O
server	B-Application
rooms	I-Application
there	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Computer	O
or	O
server	B-Application
room	I-Application
location	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
consideration	O
,	O
even	O
before	O
considering	O
the	O
layout	O
of	O
the	O
room	O
’s	O
contents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lastly	O
,	O
server	B-Application
rooms	I-Application
should	O
be	O
centrally	O
located	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
horizontal	O
cabling	O
involved	O
which	O
extends	O
from	O
this	O
room	O
to	O
devices	O
in	O
other	O
rooms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Computer	O
equipment	O
generates	O
heat	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
sensitive	O
to	O
heat	O
,	O
humidity	O
,	O
and	O
dust	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
very	O
high	O
resilience	O
and	O
failover	B-General_Concept
requirements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
most	O
server	B-Application
rooms	I-Application
"	O
close	O
control	O
air	O
conditioning	O
"	O
systems	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
PAC	O
(	O
precision	O
air	O
conditioning	O
)	O
systems	O
,	O
are	O
installed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
can	O
have	O
built-in	O
automatic	O
alerts	O
when	O
conditions	O
within	O
the	O
server	B-Application
room	I-Application
move	O
outside	O
defined	O
tolerances	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Air	O
conditioning	O
designs	O
for	O
most	O
computer	O
or	O
server	B-Application
rooms	I-Application
will	O
vary	O
depending	O
on	O
various	O
design	O
considerations	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
are	O
generally	O
one	O
of	O
two	O
types	O
:	O
"	O
up-flow	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
down-flow	O
"	O
configurations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
conditioned	O
air	O
is	O
then	O
discharged	O
into	O
the	O
server	B-Application
room	I-Application
via	O
strategically	O
placed	O
floor	O
grilles	O
and	O
onwards	O
to	O
equipment	B-Application
racks	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
systems	O
are	O
well	O
suited	O
to	O
new	O
office	O
buildings	O
where	O
the	O
design	O
can	O
encompass	O
raised	O
floors	O
suitable	O
for	O
ducting	O
to	O
computer	B-Application
racks	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
adoption	O
of	O
liquid	O
cooling	O
technologies	O
has	O
allowed	O
for	O
highly	O
efficient	O
server	B-Application
room	I-Application
designs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
liquid	O
cooling	O
technologies	O
are	O
applied	O
,	O
server	B-Application
rooms	I-Application
do	O
n't	O
rely	O
on	O
energy	O
consuming	O
air	O
conditioning	O
systems	O
any	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Server	B-Application
rooms	I-Application
are	O
slowly	O
becoming	O
part	O
of	O
heating	O
systems	O
and	O
integrated	O
within	O
the	O
same	O
rooms	O
,	O
or	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
utility	O
space	O
of	O
buildings	O
through	O
a	O
water	O
circuit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Server	B-Application
room	I-Application
fire	O
suppression	O
technology	O
has	O
been	O
around	O
for	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
server	B-Application
rooms	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
demands	O
of	O
server	B-Application
rooms	I-Application
are	O
constantly	O
changing	O
as	O
organizations	O
evolve	O
and	O
grow	O
and	O
as	O
technology	O
changes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
computing	O
requirements	O
grow	O
,	O
so	O
will	O
a	O
server	B-Application
room	I-Application
's	O
power	O
and	O
cooling	O
requirements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
choice	O
of	O
racks	O
in	O
a	O
server	B-Application
room	I-Application
is	O
usually	O
the	O
prime	O
factor	O
when	O
determining	O
space	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
,	O
with	O
servers	B-Application
that	O
are	O
one-rack-unit	O
(	O
1U	O
)	O
high	O
and	O
new	O
blade	B-Architecture
servers	I-Architecture
,	O
a	O
single	O
19	B-Application
-	I-Application
or	I-Application
23-inch	I-Application
rack	I-Application
can	O
accommodate	O
anywhere	O
from	O
42	O
to	O
hundreds	O
of	O
servers	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
computer	O
systems	O
in	O
a	O
server	B-Application
room	I-Application
are	O
mission	B-Application
critical	I-Application
,	O
removing	O
single	B-Architecture
points	I-Architecture
of	I-Architecture
failure	I-Architecture
and	O
common-mode	O
failures	O
may	O
be	O
of	O
high	O
importance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
level	O
of	O
desired	O
redundancy	O
is	O
determined	O
by	O
factors	O
such	O
as	O
whether	O
the	O
organisation	O
can	O
tolerate	O
interruption	O
whilst	O
failover	B-General_Concept
systems	O
are	O
activated	O
,	O
or	O
must	O
they	O
be	O
seamless	O
without	O
any	O
business	O
impacts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
than	O
computer	O
hardware	O
redundancy	O
,	O
the	O
main	O
consideration	O
here	O
is	O
the	O
provisioning	O
of	O
failover	B-General_Concept
power	O
supplies	O
and	O
cooling	O
.	O
</s>
