<s>
Server-side	B-Language
scripting	I-Language
is	O
a	O
technique	O
used	O
in	O
web	O
development	O
which	O
involves	O
employing	O
scripts	O
on	O
a	O
web	O
server	O
which	O
produces	O
a	O
response	O
customized	O
for	O
each	O
user	O
's	O
(	O
client	O
's	O
)	O
request	O
to	O
the	O
website	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scripts	O
can	O
be	O
written	O
in	O
any	O
of	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
server-side	B-Language
scripting	I-Language
languages	O
that	O
are	O
available	O
(	O
see	O
below	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Server-side	B-Language
scripting	I-Language
is	O
distinguished	O
from	O
client-side	O
scripting	O
where	O
embedded	O
scripts	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
are	O
run	O
client-side	O
in	O
a	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
,	O
but	O
both	O
techniques	O
are	O
often	O
used	O
together	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Server-side	B-Language
scripting	I-Language
is	O
often	O
used	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
customized	O
interface	O
for	O
the	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Server-side	B-Language
scripting	I-Language
also	O
enables	O
the	O
website	O
owner	O
to	O
hide	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
that	O
generates	O
the	O
interface	O
,	O
whereas	O
,	O
with	O
client-side	O
scripting	O
,	O
the	O
user	O
has	O
access	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
code	O
received	O
by	O
the	O
client	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
downside	O
to	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
server-side	B-Language
scripting	I-Language
is	O
that	O
the	O
client	O
needs	O
to	O
make	O
further	O
requests	O
over	O
the	O
network	O
to	O
the	O
server	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
show	O
new	O
information	O
to	O
the	O
user	O
via	O
the	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
server	O
serves	O
data	O
in	O
a	O
commonly	O
used	O
manner	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
HTTP	B-Protocol
or	O
FTP	B-Protocol
protocols	O
,	O
users	O
may	O
have	O
their	O
choice	O
of	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
client	O
programs	O
(	O
most	O
modern	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
can	O
request	O
and	O
receive	O
data	O
using	O
both	O
of	O
those	O
protocols	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Netscape	O
introduced	O
an	O
implementation	O
of	O
JavaScript	B-Language
for	O
server-side	B-Language
scripting	I-Language
with	O
Netscape	O
Enterprise	O
Server	O
,	O
first	O
released	O
in	O
December	O
,	O
1994	O
(	O
soon	O
after	O
releasing	O
JavaScript	B-Language
for	O
browsers	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Server-side	B-Language
scripting	I-Language
was	O
later	O
used	O
in	O
early	O
1995	O
by	O
Fred	O
Dufresne	O
while	O
developing	O
the	O
first	O
website	O
for	O
Boston	O
,	O
MA	O
television	O
station	O
WCVB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
OIN	O
named	O
Fred	O
DuFresne	O
a	O
for	O
his	O
work	O
on	O
server-side	B-Language
scripting	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
earlier	O
days	O
of	O
the	O
web	O
,	O
server-side	B-Language
scripting	I-Language
was	O
almost	O
exclusively	O
performed	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
C	B-Language
programs	I-Language
,	O
Perl	B-Language
scripts	O
,	O
and	O
shell	B-Language
scripts	I-Language
using	O
the	O
Common	B-Language
Gateway	I-Language
Interface	I-Language
(	O
CGI	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Those	O
scripts	O
were	O
executed	O
by	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
the	O
results	O
were	O
served	O
back	O
by	O
the	O
webserver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
modern	O
web	O
servers	O
can	O
directly	O
execute	O
on-line	O
scripting	B-Language
languages	I-Language
such	O
as	O
ASP	B-General_Concept
,	O
JSP	B-Language
,	O
Perl	B-Language
,	O
PHP	B-Application
and	O
Ruby	B-Language
either	O
by	O
the	O
web	O
server	O
itself	O
or	O
via	O
extension	O
modules	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
WebDNA	B-Language
includes	O
its	O
own	O
embedded	O
database	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dynamic	O
websites	O
sometimes	O
use	O
custom	O
web	O
application	O
servers	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Glassfish	B-Language
,	O
Plack	B-Language
and	O
Python	B-Language
's	O
"	O
Base	O
HTTP	B-Protocol
Server	O
"	O
library	O
,	O
although	O
some	O
may	O
not	O
consider	O
this	O
to	O
be	O
server-side	B-Language
scripting	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
action	O
to	O
trigger	O
the	O
execution	O
of	O
server-side	B-Language
code	I-Language
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
developer	O
working	O
with	O
classic	B-General_Concept
ASP	I-General_Concept
must	O
explicitly	O
cause	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
browser	B-Application
to	O
make	O
a	O
request	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
webserver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Server-side	B-Language
scripts	I-Language
are	O
completely	O
processed	O
by	O
the	O
servers	O
instead	O
of	O
clients	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
clients	O
request	O
a	O
page	O
containing	O
server-side	B-Language
scripts	I-Language
,	O
the	O
application	O
server	O
processes	O
the	O
scripts	O
and	O
returns	O
an	O
HTML	O
page	O
to	O
the	O
client	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
big	O
adoption	O
of	O
front	O
end	O
single-page	B-Application
applications	I-Application
,	O
a	O
new	O
approach	O
was	O
introduced	O
to	O
generate	O
the	O
HTML	O
using	O
the	O
client	O
application	O
,	O
but	O
on	O
the	O
back	O
end	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
frameworks	O
that	O
use	O
SSR	B-Language
are	O
Next.js	B-Language
,	O
Nuxt.js	B-Application
and	O
Nest.js	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
use	O
React.js	B-Application
,	O
Vue.js	B-Language
,	O
and	O
Angular	B-Language
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
to	O
generate	O
the	O
content	O
of	O
the	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
similar	O
to	O
SSR	B-Language
technique	O
of	O
generating	O
content	O
for	O
a	O
website	O
is	O
using	O
Server-side	B-Language
generation	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Example	O
of	O
SSG	O
tools	O
are	O
Jekyll	B-Protocol
,	O
Gatsby	O
or	O
Eleventy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Those	O
sites	O
are	O
often	O
hosted	O
on	O
Netlify	B-General_Concept
or	O
GitHub	B-Application
pages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GitHub	B-Application
also	O
supports	O
Jekyll	B-Protocol
projects	O
where	O
it	O
automatically	O
build	O
the	O
site	O
when	O
changes	O
are	O
added	O
to	O
git	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
server-side	B-Language
scripting	I-Language
languages	O
available	O
,	O
including	O
:	O
</s>
