<s>
Server-Gated	B-Protocol
Cryptography	I-Protocol
(	O
SGC	O
)	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
International	B-Protocol
Step-Up	I-Protocol
by	O
Netscape	B-Protocol
,	O
is	O
a	O
defunct	O
mechanism	O
that	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
step	O
up	O
from	O
40-bit	O
or	O
56-bit	O
to	O
128-bit	O
cipher	B-Application
suites	O
with	O
SSL	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
legislation	O
added	O
an	O
exception	O
for	O
financial	O
transactions	O
,	O
SGC	O
was	O
created	O
as	O
an	O
extension	O
to	O
SSL	B-Protocol
with	O
the	O
certificates	O
being	O
restricted	O
to	O
financial	O
organisations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
legislation	O
changed	O
in	O
January	O
2000	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
vendors	O
no	O
longer	O
shipping	O
export-grade	O
browsers	B-Application
and	O
SGC	O
certificates	O
becoming	O
available	O
without	O
restriction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
supported	O
SGC	O
starting	O
with	O
patched	O
versions	O
of	O
Internet	B-Protocol
Explorer	I-Protocol
3	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
SGC	O
became	O
obsolete	O
when	O
Internet	B-Protocol
Explorer	I-Protocol
5.01	I-Protocol
SP1	O
and	O
Internet	B-Protocol
Explorer	I-Protocol
5.5	I-Protocol
started	O
supporting	O
strong	O
encryption	O
without	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
a	O
separate	O
high	O
encryption	O
pack	O
(	O
except	O
on	O
Windows	B-Application
2000	I-Application
,	O
which	O
needs	O
its	O
own	O
high	O
encryption	O
pack	O
that	O
was	O
included	O
in	O
Service	O
Pack	O
2	O
and	O
later	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Export-grade	O
"	O
browsers	B-Application
are	O
unusable	O
on	O
the	O
modern	O
Web	O
due	O
to	O
many	O
servers	O
disabling	O
export	O
cipher	B-Application
suites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
these	O
browsers	B-Application
are	O
incapable	O
of	O
using	O
SHA-2	O
family	O
signature	O
hash	O
algorithms	O
like	O
SHA-256	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
continuing	O
use	O
of	O
SGC	O
facilitates	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
obsolete	O
,	O
insecure	O
Web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
with	O
HTTPS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
reason	O
certificate	O
authorities	O
can	O
charge	O
a	O
premium	O
for	O
SGC	O
certificates	O
is	O
that	O
browsers	B-Application
only	O
allowed	O
a	O
limited	O
number	O
of	O
roots	O
to	O
support	O
SGC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
an	O
SSL	B-Protocol
handshake	O
takes	O
place	O
,	O
the	O
software	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
a	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
)	O
would	O
list	O
the	O
ciphers	B-Application
that	O
it	O
supports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
weaker	O
exported	O
browsers	B-Application
would	O
only	O
include	O
weaker	O
ciphers	B-Application
in	O
its	O
initial	O
SSL	B-Protocol
handshake	O
,	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
also	O
contained	O
stronger	O
cryptography	O
algorithms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Netscape	B-Protocol
Communicator	I-Protocol
4	I-Protocol
used	O
International	B-Protocol
Step-Up	I-Protocol
,	O
which	O
used	O
the	O
now	O
obsolete	O
insecure	O
renegotiation	O
to	O
change	O
to	O
a	O
stronger	O
cipher	B-Application
suite	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
used	O
SGC	O
,	O
which	O
sends	O
a	O
new	O
Client	O
Hello	O
message	O
listing	O
the	O
stronger	O
cipher	B-Application
suites	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
connection	O
after	O
the	O
certificate	O
is	O
determined	O
to	O
be	O
SGC	O
capable	O
,	O
and	O
also	O
supported	O
Netscape	B-Protocol
Step-Up	O
for	O
compatibility	O
(	O
though	O
this	O
support	O
in	O
the	O
NT	O
4.0	O
SP6	O
and	O
IE	O
5.01	O
version	O
had	O
a	O
bug	O
where	O
changing	O
MAC	O
algorithms	O
during	O
Step-Up	O
did	O
not	O
work	O
properly	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
