<s>
Sentinel-4	B-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
European	O
Earth	O
observation	O
mission	O
developed	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
European	O
Union	O
Copernicus	B-General_Concept
Programme	I-General_Concept
for	O
monitoring	O
the	O
Earth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
specific	O
objective	O
of	O
Sentinel-4	B-General_Concept
is	O
to	O
support	O
this	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
revisit	O
time	O
over	O
Europe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Sentinel-5	O
precursor	O
,	O
Sentinel-4	B-General_Concept
and	O
Sentinel-5	O
represent	O
elements	O
complementary	O
of	O
a	O
constellation	O
intended	O
to	O
serve	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
Copernicus	O
Atmosphere	O
Monitoring	O
Service	O
(	O
CAMS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sentinel-4	B-General_Concept
will	O
consist	O
of	O
two	O
instruments	O
integrated	O
onboard	O
a	O
Meteosat	O
Third	O
Generation	O
Sounder	O
(	O
MTG-S	O
)	O
satellite	O
to	O
observe	O
primarily	O
the	O
tropospheric	O
composition	O
of	O
the	O
Earth	O
's	O
atmosphere	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
data	O
will	O
be	O
gathered	O
and	O
made	O
available	O
to	O
the	O
Copernicus	B-General_Concept
program	I-General_Concept
with	O
the	O
aim	O
of	O
contributing	O
to	O
air	O
quality	O
applications	O
such	O
as	O
with	O
the	O
Copernicus	O
Atmosphere	O
Services	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
air	O
quality	O
monitoring	O
over	O
the	O
regions	O
of	O
Europe	O
and	O
Northern	O
Africa	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
with	O
other	O
aspects	O
of	O
the	O
Copernicus	B-General_Concept
programme	I-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
Sentinel-4	B-General_Concept
initiative	O
is	O
funded	O
mostly	O
through	O
the	O
EU	O
and	O
the	O
technical	O
design	O
and	O
development	O
has	O
been	O
put	O
under	O
responsibility	O
of	O
the	O
European	O
Space	O
Agency	O
(	O
ESA	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MTG-S	O
satellite	O
performs	O
Yaw-flip	O
maneuvers	O
at	O
the	O
Equinoxes	B-Application
in	O
order	O
to	O
optimize	O
the	O
instrument	O
thermal	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Through	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
two	O
Charged-Coupled	B-Algorithm
Devices	I-Algorithm
(	O
CCDs	O
)	O
on	O
board	O
the	O
instrument	O
,	O
the	O
UV	O
and	O
NIR	O
spectral	O
elements	O
can	O
be	O
separately	O
recorded	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
values	O
apply	O
on	O
a	O
one-sigma	B-General_Concept
confidence	O
level	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
instrument	O
ages	O
in	O
the	O
space	O
environment	O
there	O
may	O
be	O
some	O
detectable	O
limitations	O
on	O
the	O
accuracy	O
by	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
currently	O
expected	O
Sentinel-4	B-General_Concept
mission	O
lifetime	O
of	O
10	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
type	O
of	O
grating	O
was	O
initially	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
manipulation	O
of	O
laser	O
pulses	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
Fraunhofer	O
Institute	O
of	O
Applied	O
Optics	O
and	O
Precision	O
Engineering	O
in	O
Jena	O
,	O
Germany	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
convert	O
the	O
concept	O
for	O
use	O
on	O
Sentinel-4	B-General_Concept
'	O
s	O
spectrometer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
instrument	O
is	O
a	O
Fourier	B-Algorithm
Transform	I-Algorithm
spectrometer	O
.	O
</s>
