<s>
Sentinel-3	B-Algorithm
is	O
an	O
Earth	O
observation	O
heavy	O
satellite	O
series	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
European	O
Space	O
Agency	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Copernicus	B-General_Concept
Programme	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
currently	O
(	O
as	O
of	O
2020	O
)	O
consists	O
of	O
2	O
satellites	O
:	O
Sentinel-3A	B-Algorithm
and	O
Sentinel-3B	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
recurrent	O
satellites	O
—	O
Sentinel-3C	O
and	O
Sentinel-3D	O
—	O
will	O
follow	O
in	O
approximately	O
2024	O
and	O
2028	O
respectively	O
to	O
ensure	O
continuity	O
of	O
the	O
Sentinel-3	B-Algorithm
mission	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
Sentinel-3	B-Algorithm
satellite	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
operate	O
for	O
seven	O
years	O
in	O
a	O
sun-synchronous	O
low	O
earth	O
orbit	O
and	O
uses	O
multiple	O
sensors	O
to	O
measure	O
topography	O
,	O
temperature	O
,	O
marine	O
ecosystems	O
,	O
water	O
quality	O
,	O
pollution	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
features	O
for	O
ocean	O
forecasting	O
and	O
environmental	O
and	O
monitoring	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
14	O
April	O
2008	O
,	O
the	O
European	O
Space	O
Agency	O
and	O
Thales	O
Alenia	O
Space	O
signed	O
a	O
contract	O
to	O
build	O
the	O
first	O
GMES	B-General_Concept
Sentinel-3	B-Algorithm
in	O
its	O
Cannes	O
Mandelieu	O
Space	O
Center	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bruno	O
Berruti	O
led	O
the	O
team	O
that	O
was	O
responsible	O
for	O
delivering	O
the	O
Copernicus	O
Sentinel-3	B-Algorithm
satellites	O
from	O
the	O
drawing	O
board	O
into	O
orbit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sentinel-3A	B-Algorithm
was	O
subsequently	O
launched	O
on	O
16	O
February	O
2016	O
on	O
a	O
Rokot	O
vehicle	O
from	O
the	O
Plesetsk	O
Cosmodrome	O
,	O
located	O
near	O
Arkhangelsk	O
,	O
Russia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
first	O
launch	O
was	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
Sentinel-3B	B-Algorithm
on	O
25	O
April	O
2018	O
,	O
also	O
aboard	O
a	O
Rokot	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Sentinel-3	B-Algorithm
mission	O
's	O
main	O
objective	O
is	O
to	O
measure	O
sea-surface	O
topography	O
,	O
land	O
-	O
and	O
sea-surface	O
temperature	O
,	O
and	O
land	O
-	O
and	O
ocean-surface	O
colour	O
with	O
accuracy	O
in	O
support	O
of	O
ocean	O
forecasting	O
systems	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
environmental	O
and	O
climate	O
monitoring	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sentinel-3	B-Algorithm
builds	O
directly	O
on	O
the	O
heritage	O
pioneered	O
by	O
ERS-2	O
and	O
Envisat	B-Algorithm
satellites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
pair	O
of	O
Sentinel-3	B-Algorithm
satellites	O
will	O
enable	O
a	O
short	O
revisit	O
time	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
two	O
days	O
for	O
the	O
OLCI	O
instrument	O
and	O
less	O
than	O
one	O
day	O
for	O
SLSTR	O
at	O
the	O
equator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
will	O
be	O
achieved	O
using	O
both	O
Sentinel-3A	B-Algorithm
and	O
Sentinel-3B	B-Algorithm
satellites	O
in	O
conjunction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sentinel-3	B-Algorithm
makes	O
use	O
of	O
multiple	O
sensing	O
instruments	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
SLSTR	O
instrument	O
on	O
the	O
Sentinel	B-Algorithm
3	I-Algorithm
,	O
calibration	O
on-board	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
detrimental	O
objectives	O
for	O
the	O
thermal	O
and	O
infrared	O
channels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
method	O
essentially	O
eliminates	O
the	O
scale	O
distortion	O
near	O
the	O
edge	O
of	O
an	O
image	O
that	O
is	O
common	O
with	O
across-track	O
or	O
"	B-Algorithm
whisk	I-Algorithm
broom	I-Algorithm
"	I-Algorithm
scanners	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
SRAL	O
(	O
Synthetic	B-Application
Aperture	I-Application
Radar	I-Application
Altimeter	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
main	O
topographic	O
instrument	O
to	O
provide	O
accurate	O
topography	O
measurements	O
over	O
sea	O
ice	O
,	O
ice	O
sheets	O
,	O
rivers	O
and	O
lakes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
uses	O
dual-frequency	O
Ku	O
and	O
C	B-Algorithm
band	I-Algorithm
and	O
is	O
supported	O
by	O
a	O
microwave	O
radiometer	O
(	O
MWR	O
)	O
for	O
atmospheric	O
correction	O
and	O
a	O
DORIS	O
receiver	O
for	O
orbit	O
positioning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
instrument	O
operates	O
its	O
pulse	O
repetition	O
frequency	O
at	O
1.9kHz	O
(	O
low-resolution	O
mode	O
-	O
LRM	O
,	O
real	O
aperture	O
radar	O
)	O
and	O
17.8kHz	O
(	O
synthetic	B-Application
aperture	I-Application
radar	I-Application
-	O
SAR	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sentinel-3	B-Algorithm
is	O
operated	O
by	O
the	O
European	O
Space	O
Operations	O
Centre	O
(	O
ESA	O
)	O
and	O
Eumetsat	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
in-orbit	O
operations	O
for	O
Sentinel-3	B-Algorithm
are	O
coordinated	O
by	O
Eumetsat	O
in	O
Darmstadt	O
,	O
Germany	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
station	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
receiving	O
the	O
data	O
collected	O
by	O
Sentinel-3	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
applications	O
of	O
Sentinel-3	B-Algorithm
are	O
diverse	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
the	O
collection	O
of	O
sensors	O
on-board	O
Sentinel-3	B-Algorithm
is	O
able	O
to	O
detect	O
ocean	O
and	O
land	O
temperature	O
and	O
colour	O
change	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sentinel-3	B-Algorithm
also	O
had	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
detect	O
changes	O
in	O
sea-surface	O
height	O
and	O
sea-ice	O
using	O
the	O
synthetic	B-Application
aperture	I-Application
radar	I-Application
altimeter	O
and	O
the	O
microwave	O
radiometer	O
,	O
two	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
complex	O
sensors	O
on	O
the	O
satellite	O
.	O
</s>
