<s>
Sentinel-1	B-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
first	O
of	O
the	O
Copernicus	B-General_Concept
Programme	I-General_Concept
satellite	O
constellation	O
conducted	O
by	O
the	O
European	O
Space	O
Agency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
mission	O
was	O
originally	O
composed	O
of	O
a	O
constellation	O
of	O
two	O
satellites	O
,	O
Sentinel-1A	B-Algorithm
and	O
Sentinel-1B	B-Algorithm
,	O
which	O
shared	O
the	O
same	O
orbital	O
plane	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sentinel-1B	B-Algorithm
has	O
been	O
retired	O
,	O
leaving	O
Sentinel-1A	B-Algorithm
the	O
only	O
satellite	O
of	O
the	O
constellation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Sentinel-1	B-Algorithm
satellites	O
carry	O
a	O
C-band	B-Algorithm
synthetic-aperture	B-Application
radar	I-Application
instrument	O
which	O
provides	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
data	O
in	O
all-weather	O
,	O
day	O
or	O
night	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
satellite	O
,	O
Sentinel-1A	B-Algorithm
,	O
launched	O
on	O
3	O
April	O
2014	O
,	O
and	O
Sentinel-1B	B-Algorithm
was	O
launched	O
on	O
25	O
April	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
applications	O
for	O
the	O
data	O
collected	O
via	O
the	O
Sentinel-1	B-Algorithm
mission	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
major	O
goal	O
of	O
the	O
mission	O
was	O
to	O
provide	O
C-Band	B-Algorithm
SAR	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Recently	O
,	O
Sentinel-1	B-Algorithm
has	O
worked	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
SMAP	O
to	O
help	O
achieve	O
a	O
more	O
accurate	O
measure	O
of	O
soil	O
moisture	O
estimates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ESA	O
and	O
European	O
Commission	O
's	O
policies	O
makes	O
Sentinel-1	B-Algorithm
'	O
s	O
data	O
easily	O
accessible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sentinel-1	B-Algorithm
spacecraft	O
are	O
designed	O
to	O
carry	O
the	O
following	O
instruments	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
single	O
C-band	B-Algorithm
synthetic-aperture	B-Application
radar	I-Application
(	O
C-SAR	O
)	O
with	O
its	O
electronics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
data	O
collected	O
in	O
C-SAR	O
was	O
made	O
to	O
be	O
continuous	O
after	O
the	O
termination	O
of	O
a	O
previous	O
mission	O
(	O
Envisat	B-Algorithm
mission	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
SDRAM-based	O
Data	O
Storage	O
and	O
Handling	O
Assembly	O
(	O
DSHA	B-Algorithm
)	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
active	O
data	O
storage	O
capacity	O
of	O
about	O
1,443	O
Gbit	O
(	O
168	O
GiB	O
)	O
,	O
receiving	O
data	O
streams	O
from	O
SAR-SES	O
over	O
two	O
independent	O
links	O
gathering	O
SAR_H	O
and	O
SAR_V	O
polarization	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
variable	O
data	O
rate	O
up	O
to	O
640Mbit/s	O
on	O
each	O
link	O
,	O
and	O
providing	O
520Mbit/s	O
X-band	B-Algorithm
fixed-user	O
data-downlink	O
capability	O
over	O
two	O
independent	O
channels	O
towards	O
ground	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specifications	O
of	O
the	O
Sentinel-1	B-Algorithm
satellites	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Sentinel-1	B-Algorithm
has	O
four	O
operational	O
modes	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Sentinel-1	B-Algorithm
has	O
four	O
types	O
of	O
data	O
products	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Sentinel-1	B-Algorithm
will	O
provide	O
continuity	O
of	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
ERS	B-Algorithm
and	O
Envisat	B-Algorithm
missions	O
,	O
with	O
further	O
enhancements	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
revisit	O
,	O
coverage	O
,	O
timeliness	O
and	O
reliability	O
of	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
summary	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
applications	O
of	O
Sentinel-1	B-Algorithm
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
C-SAR	O
instrument	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
measuring	O
land	O
subsidence	O
through	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
interferometric	O
synthetic-aperture	B-Application
radar	I-Application
(	O
InSAR	O
)	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
analysis	O
of	O
phase	O
changes	O
between	O
two	O
or	O
more	O
synthetic	B-Application
aperture	I-Application
radar	I-Application
images	O
taken	O
at	O
different	O
times	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
create	O
maps	O
of	O
the	O
digital	O
elevation	O
and	O
measure	O
the	O
land	O
surface	O
deformation	O
of	O
an	O
area	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shortly	O
after	O
the	O
August	O
2014	O
South	O
Napa	O
earthquake	O
,	O
data	O
collected	O
by	O
Sentinel-1A	B-Algorithm
was	O
used	O
to	O
develop	O
an	O
interferometric	O
synthetic-aperture	B-Application
radar	I-Application
,	O
or	O
InSAR	O
,	O
image	O
of	O
the	O
affected	O
region	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Sentinel-1	B-Algorithm
satellites	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
make	O
analysis	O
of	O
earthquakes	O
using	O
InSAR	O
techniques	O
quicker	O
and	O
simpler	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
prime	O
contractor	O
of	O
the	O
mission	O
is	O
Thales	O
Alenia	O
Space	O
Italy	O
,	O
with	O
whole	O
system	O
integration	O
and	O
also	O
with	O
production	O
of	O
platform	O
Spacecraft	O
Management	O
Unit	O
(	O
SMU	O
)	O
and	O
payload	O
Data	O
Storage	O
and	O
Handling	O
Assembly	O
(	O
DSHA	B-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sentinel-1A	B-Algorithm
was	O
constructed	O
in	O
Rome	O
,	O
Italy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
technologies	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
T/R	O
modules	O
,	O
the	O
C-band	B-Algorithm
synthetic-aperture	B-Application
radar	I-Application
antenna	O
,	O
the	O
advanced	O
data	O
management	O
and	O
transmission	O
subsystems	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
on-board	O
computer	O
,	O
were	O
developed	O
in	O
L'Aquila	O
and	O
Milan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
images	O
produced	O
from	O
Sentinel-1	B-Algorithm
data	O
.	O
</s>
