<s>
Semantic	B-Application
Scholar	I-Application
is	O
an	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
–	O
powered	O
research	O
tool	O
for	O
scientific	O
literature	O
developed	O
at	O
the	O
Allen	O
Institute	O
for	O
AI	B-Application
and	O
publicly	O
released	O
in	O
November	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
uses	O
advances	O
in	O
natural	B-Language
language	I-Language
processing	I-Language
to	O
provide	O
summaries	O
for	O
scholarly	O
papers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Semantic	B-Application
Scholar	I-Application
team	O
is	O
actively	O
researching	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
artificial-intelligence	B-Application
in	O
natural	B-Language
language	I-Language
processing	I-Language
,	O
machine	O
learning	O
,	O
Human-Computer	O
interaction	O
,	O
and	O
information	B-Library
retrieval	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Semantic	B-Application
Scholar	I-Application
began	O
as	O
a	O
database	O
surrounding	O
the	O
topics	O
of	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
,	O
geoscience	O
,	O
and	O
neuroscience	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Semantic	B-Application
Scholar	I-Application
provides	O
a	O
one-sentence	O
summary	O
of	O
scientific	O
literature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
is	O
used	O
to	O
capture	O
the	O
essence	O
of	O
a	O
paper	O
,	O
generating	O
it	O
through	O
an	O
"	O
abstractive	O
"	O
technique	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
uses	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
machine	O
learning	O
,	O
natural	B-Language
language	I-Language
processing	I-Language
,	O
and	O
machine	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
to	O
add	O
a	O
layer	O
of	O
semantic	O
analysis	O
to	O
the	O
traditional	O
methods	O
of	O
citation	O
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
extract	O
relevant	O
figures	O
,	O
tables	B-General_Concept
,	O
entities	O
,	O
and	O
venues	O
from	O
papers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
with	O
Google	B-Library
Scholar	I-Library
and	O
PubMed	B-Library
,	O
Semantic	B-Application
Scholar	I-Application
is	O
designed	O
to	O
highlight	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
and	O
influential	O
elements	O
of	O
a	O
paper	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AI	B-Application
technology	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
identify	O
hidden	O
connections	O
and	O
links	O
between	O
research	O
topics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
the	O
previously	O
cited	O
search	B-Application
engines	I-Application
,	O
Semantic	B-Application
Scholar	I-Application
also	O
exploits	O
graph	O
structures	O
,	O
which	O
include	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Academic	I-Application
Knowledge	I-Application
Graph	I-Application
,	O
Springer	O
Nature	O
's	O
SciGraph	B-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
Semantic	B-Application
Scholar	I-Application
Corpus	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
paper	O
hosted	O
by	O
Semantic	B-Application
Scholar	I-Application
is	O
assigned	O
a	O
unique	O
identifier	O
called	O
the	O
Semantic	B-Application
Scholar	I-Application
Corpus	O
ID	O
(	O
abbreviated	O
S2CID	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Semantic	B-Application
Scholar	I-Application
is	O
free	O
to	O
use	O
and	O
unlike	O
similar	O
search	B-Application
engines	I-Application
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Library
Scholar	I-Library
)	O
does	O
not	O
search	O
for	O
material	O
that	O
is	O
behind	O
a	O
paywall	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
study	O
compared	O
the	O
index	O
scope	O
of	O
Semantic	B-Application
Scholar	I-Application
to	O
Google	B-Library
Scholar	I-Library
,	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
for	O
the	O
papers	O
cited	O
by	O
secondary	O
studies	O
in	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
two	O
indices	O
had	O
comparable	O
coverage	O
,	O
each	O
only	O
missing	O
a	O
handful	O
of	O
the	O
papers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
January	O
2018	O
,	O
following	O
a	O
2017	O
project	O
that	O
added	O
biomedical	O
papers	O
and	O
topic	O
summaries	O
,	O
the	O
Semantic	B-Application
Scholar	I-Application
corpus	O
included	O
more	O
than	O
40	O
million	O
papers	O
from	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
and	O
biomedicine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2018	O
,	O
Doug	O
Raymond	O
,	O
who	O
developed	O
machine	O
learning	O
initiatives	O
for	O
the	O
Amazon	B-Application
Alexa	I-Application
platform	O
,	O
was	O
hired	O
to	O
lead	O
the	O
Semantic	B-Application
Scholar	I-Application
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
included	O
papers	O
metadata	O
(	O
not	O
the	O
actual	O
PDFs	O
)	O
had	O
grown	O
to	O
more	O
than	O
173	O
million	O
after	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Academic	I-Application
Graph	I-Application
records	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2020	O
,	O
a	O
partnership	O
between	O
Semantic	B-Application
Scholar	I-Application
and	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Chicago	O
Press	O
Journals	O
made	O
all	O
articles	O
published	O
under	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Chicago	O
Press	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
Semantic	B-Application
Scholar	I-Application
corpus	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2020	O
,	O
Semantic	B-Application
Scholar	I-Application
had	O
indexed	O
190	O
million	O
papers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2020	O
,	O
users	O
of	O
Semantic	B-Application
Scholar	I-Application
reached	O
seven	O
million	O
a	O
month	O
.	O
</s>
