<s>
Self-discharge	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
phenomenon	O
in	O
batteries	O
in	O
which	O
internal	O
chemical	O
reactions	O
reduce	O
the	O
stored	O
charge	O
of	O
the	O
battery	O
without	O
any	O
connection	O
between	O
the	O
electrodes	O
or	O
any	O
external	O
circuit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Self-discharge	B-Algorithm
decreases	O
the	O
shelf	O
life	O
of	O
batteries	O
and	O
causes	O
them	O
to	O
have	O
less	O
than	O
a	O
full	O
charge	O
when	O
actually	O
put	O
to	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
How	O
fast	O
self-discharge	B-Algorithm
in	O
a	O
battery	O
occurs	O
is	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
battery	O
,	O
state	O
of	O
charge	O
,	O
charging	O
current	O
,	O
ambient	O
temperature	O
and	O
other	O
factors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Primary	B-Algorithm
batteries	I-Algorithm
are	O
not	O
designed	O
for	O
recharging	O
between	O
manufacturing	O
and	O
use	O
,	O
thus	O
have	O
battery	O
chemistry	O
that	O
has	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
much	O
lower	O
self-discharge	B-Algorithm
rate	O
than	O
older	O
types	O
of	O
secondary	O
cells	O
,	O
but	O
have	O
lost	O
that	O
advantage	O
with	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
rechargeable	O
secondary	O
cells	O
with	O
very	O
low	O
self	B-Algorithm
discharge	I-Algorithm
rates	I-Algorithm
like	O
NiMH	B-Device
cells	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Self-discharge	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
chemical	O
reaction	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
closed-circuit	O
discharge	O
is	O
,	O
and	O
tends	O
to	O
occur	O
more	O
quickly	O
at	O
higher	O
temperatures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Storing	O
batteries	O
at	O
lower	O
temperatures	O
thus	O
reduces	O
the	O
rate	O
of	O
self-discharge	B-Algorithm
and	O
preserves	O
the	O
initial	O
energy	O
stored	O
in	O
the	O
battery	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Self-discharge	B-Algorithm
is	O
also	O
thought	O
to	O
be	O
reduced	O
as	O
a	O
passivation	B-Application
layer	I-Application
develops	O
on	O
the	O
electrodes	O
over	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Battery	O
chemistry	O
Rechargeable	O
Typical	O
self-discharge	B-Algorithm
or	O
shelf	O
life	O
Lithium	B-Device
metal	I-Device
No	O
10	O
years	O
shelf	O
life	O
Alkaline	B-Algorithm
No	O
5	O
years	O
shelf	O
life	O
Zinc	B-Algorithm
–	I-Algorithm
carbon	I-Algorithm
No	O
2	O
–	O
3	O
years	O
shelf	O
life	O
Lithium-ion	O
Yes	O
2	O
–	O
3%	O
per	O
month	O
;	O
ca	O
.	O
</s>
