<s>
Sector	B-Application
slipping	I-Application
is	O
a	O
technique	O
used	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
defective	O
sectors	B-Application
in	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drives	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
the	O
volatility	O
of	O
hard	B-Device
disks	I-Device
from	O
their	O
moving	O
parts	O
and	O
low	O
tolerances	O
some	O
sectors	B-Application
become	O
defective	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Defective	O
sectors	B-Application
can	O
even	O
come	O
on	O
hard	B-Device
disks	I-Device
from	O
the	O
factory	O
so	O
most	O
disks	O
incorporate	O
a	O
bad-block	O
recovery	O
system	O
to	O
cope	O
with	O
these	O
issues	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
a	O
low-level	B-Application
format	I-Application
,	O
defect	O
lists	O
are	O
populated	O
which	O
store	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
bad	O
sectors	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
bad	O
sectors	B-Application
are	O
then	O
mapped	O
and	O
a	O
sector	B-Application
slipping	I-Application
algorithm	O
is	O
utilized	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
using	O
sector	B-Application
slipping	I-Application
for	O
bad	O
sectors	B-Application
,	O
disk	O
access	O
time	O
is	O
not	O
largely	O
affected	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spare	O
sectors	B-Application
are	O
located	O
on	O
the	O
disk	O
to	O
aid	O
in	O
having	O
sectors	B-Application
to	O
“	O
slip	O
”	O
other	O
sectors	B-Application
down	O
to	O
,	O
allowing	O
for	O
the	O
preservation	O
of	O
sequential	O
ordering	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bad	O
sectors	B-Application
that	O
are	O
found	O
during	O
normal	O
usage	O
of	O
the	O
disk	O
are	O
not	O
capable	O
of	O
having	O
the	O
sector	B-Application
slipping	I-Application
algorithm	O
applied	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
example	O
,	O
physical	O
sectors	B-Application
3	O
and	O
5	O
were	O
found	O
to	O
be	O
bad	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
sectors	B-Application
were	O
then	O
slipped	O
down	O
to	O
allow	O
for	O
the	O
logical	O
sectors	B-Application
to	O
be	O
placed	O
in	O
sequential	O
order	O
on	O
good	O
sectors	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
sectors	B-Application
were	O
slipped	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
remaining	O
spare	O
sectors	B-Application
:	O
Sector	O
4	O
to	O
6	O
and	O
sector	O
5	O
to	O
7	O
.	O
</s>
