<s>
In	O
the	O
history	B-Device
of	I-Device
video	I-Device
games	I-Device
,	O
the	O
second	O
generation	O
era	O
refers	O
to	O
computer	O
and	O
video	O
games	O
,	O
video	B-Device
game	I-Device
consoles	I-Device
,	O
and	O
handheld	B-Application
video	I-Application
game	I-Application
consoles	I-Application
available	O
from	O
1976	O
to	O
1982	O
Notable	O
platforms	O
of	O
the	O
second	O
generation	O
include	O
the	O
Fairchild	B-Operating_System
Channel	I-Operating_System
F	I-Operating_System
,	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
,	O
Intellivision	B-Operating_System
,	O
Odyssey	B-Application
2	I-Application
,	O
and	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
generation	O
began	O
in	O
November	O
1976	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
Fairchild	B-Operating_System
Channel	I-Operating_System
F	I-Operating_System
.	O
This	O
was	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
in	O
1977	O
,	O
Magnavox	B-Application
Odyssey²	I-Application
in	O
1978	O
,	O
Intellivision	B-Operating_System
in	O
1980	O
and	O
then	O
the	O
Emerson	B-Application
Arcadia	I-Application
2001	I-Application
,	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
,	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
5200	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
Vectrex	B-Operating_System
,	O
all	O
in	O
1982	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
coincided	O
with	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
partly	O
fuelled	O
by	O
,	O
the	O
golden	O
age	O
of	O
arcade	B-Application
video	I-Application
games	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Space	B-Application
Invaders	I-Application
,	O
the	O
first	O
"	O
killer	O
app	O
"	O
arcade	O
game	O
to	O
be	O
ported	O
,	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
1980	O
for	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
,	O
though	O
earlier	O
Atari-published	O
arcade	O
games	O
were	O
ported	O
to	O
the	O
2600	O
previously	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Coleco	O
packaged	O
Nintendo	O
's	O
Donkey	B-Application
Kong	I-Application
with	O
the	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
when	O
it	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
August	O
1982	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Built-in	O
games	O
,	O
like	O
those	O
from	O
the	O
first	B-Device
generation	I-Device
,	O
saw	O
limited	O
use	O
during	O
this	O
era	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
the	O
first	B-Device
generation	I-Device
Magnavox	B-Device
Odyssey	I-Device
had	O
put	O
games	O
on	O
cartridge-like	O
circuit	O
cards	O
,	O
the	O
games	O
had	O
limited	O
functionality	O
and	O
required	O
TV	O
screen	O
overlays	O
and	O
other	O
accessories	O
to	O
be	O
fully	O
functional	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
advanced	O
cartridges	B-Protocol
,	O
which	O
contained	O
the	O
entire	O
game	O
experience	O
,	O
were	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
Fairchild	B-Operating_System
Channel	I-Operating_System
F	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
most	O
video	O
game	O
systems	O
adopted	O
similar	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
system	O
of	O
the	O
generation	O
and	O
some	O
others	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
RCA	B-Device
Studio	I-Device
II	I-Device
,	O
still	O
came	O
with	O
built-in	O
games	O
while	O
also	O
having	O
the	O
capability	O
of	O
utilizing	O
cartridges	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
popularity	O
of	O
game	B-Protocol
cartridges	I-Protocol
grew	O
after	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
the	O
late	O
1970s	O
to	O
the	O
mid-1990s	O
,	O
most	O
home	O
video	O
game	O
systems	O
used	O
cartridges	B-Protocol
until	O
the	O
technology	O
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
optical	B-Device
discs	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Fairchild	B-Operating_System
Channel	I-Operating_System
F	I-Operating_System
was	O
also	O
the	O
first	O
console	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
,	O
which	O
was	O
the	O
driving	O
technology	O
that	O
allowed	O
the	O
consoles	O
to	O
use	O
cartridges	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
technology	O
such	O
as	O
screen	B-General_Concept
resolution	I-General_Concept
,	O
color	O
graphics	O
,	O
audio	O
,	O
and	O
AI	B-Application
simulation	I-Application
was	O
also	O
improved	O
during	O
this	O
era	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
generation	O
also	O
saw	O
the	O
first	O
handheld	B-Application
game	I-Application
cartridge	B-Protocol
system	O
,	O
the	O
Microvision	B-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
released	O
by	O
toy	O
company	O
Milton	O
Bradley	O
in	O
1979	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
market	O
did	O
not	O
fully	O
recover	O
until	O
the	O
third	B-Application
generation	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
second	O
generation	O
ended	O
on	O
January	O
1	O
,	O
1992	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
discontinuation	O
of	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
primary	O
driver	O
of	O
the	O
second	O
generation	O
of	O
consoles	O
was	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
low-cost	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Arcade	O
games	O
and	O
the	O
first	B-Device
generation	I-Device
of	O
consoles	O
used	O
discrete	O
electrical	O
and	O
electro-mechanical	O
components	O
including	O
simple	O
logic	O
chips	O
such	O
as	O
transistor-transistor	B-General_Concept
logic	I-General_Concept
(	O
TTL	B-General_Concept
)	O
-based	O
integrated	O
circuits	O
(	O
ICs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
a	O
game	O
was	O
shipped	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
only	O
minimal	O
variations	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
made	O
by	O
adjusting	O
the	O
positions	O
of	O
jumpers	B-Device
(	O
effectively	O
the	O
behavior	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
cartridges	B-Protocol
"	O
that	O
shipped	O
with	O
the	O
Magnavox	B-Device
Odyssey	I-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
introduced	O
the	O
first	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
,	O
the	O
4004	B-General_Concept
,	O
in	O
1971	O
,	O
a	O
special	O
computer	O
chip	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
sent	O
a	O
simple	O
instruction	O
and	O
provide	O
its	O
result	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allowed	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
create	O
software	O
programs	O
around	O
the	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
rather	O
than	O
fix	O
the	O
logic	O
into	O
circuits	O
and	O
ICs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Engineers	O
at	O
both	O
Atari	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
(	O
via	O
its	O
Cyan	O
Engineering	O
subsidiary	O
)	O
and	O
at	O
Alpex	O
Computer	O
Corporation	O
saw	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
apply	O
this	O
to	O
home	O
consoles	O
as	O
prices	O
for	O
microprocessors	B-Architecture
became	O
more	O
affordable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alpex	O
's	O
work	O
led	O
to	O
partnership	O
with	O
semiconductor	O
manufacturer	O
Fairchild	O
Camera	O
and	O
Instrument	O
and	O
lead	O
to	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
such	O
programmable	O
home	O
console	O
,	O
the	O
Fairchild	B-Operating_System
Channel	I-Operating_System
F	I-Operating_System
released	O
in	O
1976	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Fairchild	B-General_Concept
F8	I-General_Concept
microprocessor	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Channel	B-Operating_System
F	I-Operating_System
also	O
established	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
ROM	B-Protocol
cartridges	I-Protocol
to	O
provide	O
the	O
software	O
for	O
the	O
programmable	O
console	O
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
a	O
ROM	B-Device
chip	I-Device
mounted	O
on	O
a	O
circuit	O
board	O
within	O
a	O
hard	O
casing	O
that	O
can	O
withstand	O
the	O
physical	O
insertion	O
into	O
the	O
console	O
and	O
potential	O
static	O
electricity	O
buildup	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Atari	O
's	O
own	O
programmable	O
console	O
,	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
Video	I-General_Concept
Computer	I-General_Concept
System	I-General_Concept
(	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
VCS	I-General_Concept
or	O
later	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
1977	O
and	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
MOS	B-General_Concept
Technology	I-General_Concept
6507	I-General_Concept
microprocessor	B-Architecture
,	O
with	O
a	O
cartridge	B-Protocol
design	O
influenced	O
in	O
part	O
by	O
the	O
Channel	B-Operating_System
F	I-Operating_System
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Four	O
former	O
Atari	O
programmers	O
,	O
having	O
left	O
from	O
conflicts	O
in	O
management	O
style	O
after	O
Atari	O
was	O
purchased	O
by	O
Warner	O
Communications	O
in	O
1976	O
,	O
established	O
Activision	O
in	O
1979	O
to	O
develop	O
their	O
own	O
VCS	O
games	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
Kaboom	B-Application
!	I-Application
</s>
<s>
and	O
Pitfall	B-Application
!	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
second	O
generation	O
of	O
consoles	O
coincided	O
with	O
the	O
golden	O
age	O
of	O
arcade	B-Application
video	I-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
a	O
common	O
trend	O
that	O
emerged	O
during	O
the	O
generation	O
was	O
licensing	O
arcade	B-Application
video	I-Application
games	I-Application
for	O
consoles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
this	O
stage	O
,	O
both	O
consoles	O
and	O
game	B-Protocol
cartridges	I-Protocol
were	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
sold	O
for	O
profit	O
by	O
manufacturers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Fairchild	B-Operating_System
Channel	I-Operating_System
F	I-Operating_System
,	O
also	O
known	O
early	O
in	O
its	O
life	O
as	O
the	O
Fairchild	B-Operating_System
Video	I-Operating_System
Entertainment	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
(	O
VES	O
)	O
,	O
was	O
released	O
by	O
Fairchild	O
Semiconductor	O
in	O
November	O
1976	O
and	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
console	O
of	O
the	O
second	O
generation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
first	O
CPU-based	O
video	B-Device
game	I-Device
console	I-Device
,	O
introducing	O
the	O
cartridge-based	O
game-code	O
storage	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fairchild	O
released	O
twenty-six	O
cartridges	B-Protocol
for	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
with	O
up	O
to	O
four	O
games	O
being	O
on	O
each	O
cartridge	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
Channel	B-Operating_System
F	I-Operating_System
's	O
popularity	O
waned	O
quickly	O
as	O
the	O
more	O
action-driven	O
games	O
of	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
drew	O
more	O
attention	O
than	O
the	O
more	O
educational	O
and	O
slow-paced	O
games	O
on	O
the	O
Channel	B-Operating_System
F	I-Operating_System
.	O
By	O
1979	O
,	O
only	O
an	O
additional	O
100,000	O
units	O
of	O
the	O
Channel	B-Operating_System
F	I-Operating_System
were	O
sold	O
for	O
lifetime	O
sales	O
of	O
350,000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1978	O
,	O
Fairchild	O
redesigned	O
the	O
system	O
into	O
a	O
new	O
model	O
,	O
the	O
Channel	B-Operating_System
F	I-Operating_System
System	O
II	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
System	O
II	O
streamlined	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
initial	O
Channel	B-Operating_System
F	I-Operating_System
to	O
reduce	O
cost	O
and	O
improve	O
consumer	O
usage	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
,	O
such	O
as	O
improved	O
controller	O
connections	O
and	O
using	O
the	O
television	O
speakers	O
for	O
audio	O
output	O
,	O
but	O
by	O
the	O
time	O
it	O
was	O
released	O
,	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
has	O
too	O
much	O
market	O
advantage	O
for	O
Fairchild	O
to	O
overcome	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
releasing	O
only	O
six	O
games	O
for	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
Fairchild	O
sold	O
the	O
Channel	B-Operating_System
F	I-Operating_System
technology	O
to	O
Zircon	O
International	O
in	O
1979	O
,	O
which	O
discontinued	O
the	O
system	O
by	O
1983	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1977	O
,	O
Atari	O
released	O
its	O
CPU-based	O
console	O
called	O
the	O
Video	B-General_Concept
Computer	I-General_Concept
System	I-General_Concept
(	O
VCS	O
)	O
,	O
later	O
called	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
game	O
advantage	O
and	O
the	O
difference	O
in	O
price	O
between	O
the	O
machines	O
meant	O
that	O
each	O
year	O
,	O
Atari	O
sold	O
more	O
units	O
than	O
Intellivision	B-Operating_System
,	O
lengthening	O
its	O
lead	O
despite	O
inferior	O
graphics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
sold	O
over	O
30	O
million	O
units	O
over	O
its	O
lifetime	O
,	O
considerably	O
more	O
than	O
any	O
other	O
console	O
of	O
the	O
second	O
generation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1982	O
,	O
Atari	O
released	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
5200	I-General_Concept
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
compete	O
with	O
the	O
Intellivision	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
cartridges	B-Protocol
contained	O
2	O
kilobytes	O
of	O
read-only	B-Device
storage	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
limit	O
grew	O
steadily	O
from	O
1978	O
to	O
1983	O
:	O
up	O
to	O
16	O
kilobytes	O
for	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
5200	I-General_Concept
cartridges	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bank	B-General_Concept
switching	I-General_Concept
,	O
a	O
technique	O
that	O
allowed	O
two	O
different	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
program	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
same	O
memory	B-General_Concept
addresses	O
,	O
was	O
required	O
for	O
the	O
larger	O
cartridges	B-Protocol
to	O
work	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
cartridges	B-Protocol
got	O
as	O
large	O
as	O
32	O
kilobytes	O
through	O
this	O
technique	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
had	O
only	O
128	O
bytes	B-Application
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
available	O
in	O
the	O
console	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
few	O
late	O
game	B-Protocol
cartridges	I-Protocol
contained	O
a	O
combined	O
RAM/ROM	O
chip	O
,	O
thus	O
adding	O
another	O
256	O
bytes	B-Application
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
inside	O
the	O
cartridge	B-Protocol
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Bally	B-Device
Astrocade	I-Device
was	O
released	O
in	O
1977	O
and	O
was	O
available	O
only	O
through	O
mail	O
order	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
originally	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
the	O
Bally	O
Home	B-Device
Library	I-Device
Computer	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
machine	O
had	O
been	O
renamed	O
the	O
Bally	B-Device
Professional	I-Device
Arcade	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
form	O
,	O
it	O
sold	O
mostly	O
at	O
computer	O
stores	O
and	O
had	O
little	O
retail	O
exposure	O
,	O
unlike	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
VCS	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
rights	O
to	O
the	O
console	O
were	O
sold	O
to	O
Astrovision	B-Device
in	O
1981	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
re-released	O
the	O
unit	O
with	O
the	O
BASIC	O
cartridge	B-Protocol
included	O
for	O
free	O
;	O
this	O
system	O
was	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
Bally	O
Computer	O
System	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Astrovision	B-Device
changed	O
their	O
name	O
to	O
Astrocade	B-Device
in	O
1982	O
they	O
also	O
changed	O
the	O
name	O
of	O
the	O
console	O
to	O
the	O
Astrocade	B-Device
to	O
follow	O
suit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1978	O
,	O
Magnavox	O
released	O
its	O
microprocessor-based	O
console	O
,	O
the	O
Odyssey	B-Application
2	I-Application
,	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
Canada	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
distributed	O
by	O
Philips	O
Electronics	O
in	O
the	O
European	O
market	O
and	O
was	O
released	O
as	O
the	O
Philips	B-Application
G7000	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Odyssey²	B-Application
was	O
also	O
known	O
for	O
its	O
fusion	O
of	O
board	O
and	O
video	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
Odyssey²	B-Application
never	O
became	O
as	O
popular	O
as	O
the	O
Atari	O
consoles	O
,	O
it	O
sold	O
2	O
million	O
units	O
throughout	O
its	O
lifetime	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Intellivision	B-Operating_System
was	O
introduced	O
by	O
Mattel	O
to	O
test	O
markets	O
in	O
1979	O
and	O
nationally	O
in	O
1980	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Intellivision	B-Operating_System
console	O
contained	O
a	O
16-bit	O
processor	O
with	O
16-bit	O
registers	O
and	O
16-bit	O
system	O
RAM	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
long	O
before	O
the	O
"	O
16-bit	B-Application
era	I-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programs	O
were	O
however	O
stored	O
on	O
10-bit	O
ROM	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Intellivision	B-Operating_System
was	O
the	O
first	O
console	O
with	O
a	O
thumb-pad	O
directional	O
controller	O
and	O
tile-based	O
playfields	O
with	O
vertical	O
and	O
horizontal	O
scrolling	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
cartridges	B-Protocol
were	O
4	O
kilobyte	O
ROMs	B-Protocol
,	O
which	O
grew	O
to	O
24	O
kilobytes	O
for	O
later	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Intellivision	B-Operating_System
introduced	O
several	O
new	O
features	O
to	O
the	O
second	O
generation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
home	O
console	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
16-bit	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
and	O
offer	O
downloadable	B-Protocol
content	I-Protocol
through	O
the	O
PlayCable	B-Device
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
used	O
side-by-side	O
game	O
comparisons	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
improved	O
graphics	O
and	O
sound	O
compared	O
with	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
was	O
introduced	O
by	O
toy	O
manufacturer	O
Coleco	O
in	O
August	O
1982	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
console	O
launched	O
with	O
several	O
arcade	O
ports	O
,	O
including	O
Sega	O
's	O
Zaxxon	B-Application
,	O
and	O
later	O
saw	O
third-party	O
support	O
from	O
many	O
developers	O
such	O
as	O
Activision	O
and	O
even	O
their	O
competitor	O
Atari	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
is	O
notable	O
for	O
its	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
expansion	O
module	O
,	O
which	O
enabled	O
the	O
console	O
to	O
play	O
2600	O
games	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
from	O
Atari	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
was	O
a	O
victim	O
of	O
the	O
video	O
game	O
crash	O
,	O
ultimately	O
being	O
discontinued	O
in	O
1985	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Vectrex	B-Operating_System
was	O
released	O
in	O
1982	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Through	O
a	O
licensing	O
deal	O
with	O
Cinematronics	O
,	O
GCE	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
produce	O
high-quality	O
versions	O
of	O
arcade	O
games	O
such	O
as	O
Space	B-Application
Wars	I-Application
and	O
Armor	B-Application
Attack	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
a	O
strong	O
library	O
of	O
games	O
and	O
good	O
reviews	O
,	O
the	O
Vectrex	B-Operating_System
was	O
ultimately	O
a	O
commercial	O
failure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
12	O
8×8	O
single-color	O
characters	O
;	O
64	O
shapes	O
built	O
into	O
ROM	B-Device
BIOS	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
best-selling	O
console	O
of	O
the	O
second	O
generation	O
was	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
at	O
30	O
million	O
units	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
1990	O
,	O
the	O
Intellivision	B-Operating_System
had	O
sold	O
3	O
million	O
units	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
around	O
1	O
million	O
higher	O
than	O
the	O
Odyssey²	B-Application
and	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
sales	O
and	O
eight	O
times	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
purchases	O
for	O
the	O
Fairchild	B-Operating_System
Channel	I-Operating_System
F	I-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
was	O
350,000	O
units	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Microvision	B-Application
,	O
manufactured	O
and	O
sold	O
by	O
Milton-Bradley	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
handheld	B-Application
game	I-Application
console	I-Application
that	O
used	O
cartridges	B-Protocol
that	O
could	O
be	O
swapped	O
out	O
and	O
that	O
contained	O
their	O
own	O
processor	O
as	O
the	O
console	O
itself	O
had	O
no	O
on-board	O
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
had	O
a	O
small	O
game	O
library	O
which	O
was	O
prone	O
to	O
damage	O
from	O
static	O
electricity	O
and	O
the	O
LCD	B-Device
screen	I-Device
could	O
also	O
rot	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Entex	O
released	O
two	O
handheld	B-Application
systems	O
in	O
the	O
second	O
generation	O
,	O
the	O
Select-A-Game	O
and	O
the	O
Adventure	B-Application
Vision	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
were	O
6	O
games	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
Select-A-Game	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
only	O
available	O
for	O
a	O
year	O
until	O
focus	O
shifted	O
to	O
the	O
Adventure	B-Application
Vision	I-Application
which	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
the	O
following	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Adventure	B-Application
Vision	I-Application
was	O
released	O
only	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
in	O
1982	O
by	O
Entex	O
and	O
was	O
the	O
successor	O
to	O
the	O
Select-A-Game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
unique	O
among	O
the	O
consoles	O
as	O
it	O
used	O
a	O
spinning	B-Algorithm
mirror	I-Algorithm
system	I-Algorithm
for	O
its	O
built-in	O
display	O
and	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
set	O
down	O
on	O
a	O
surface	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
size	O
and	O
shape	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developed	O
and	O
manufactured	O
by	O
Palmtex	O
,	O
the	O
Super	B-Application
Micro	I-Application
was	O
released	O
in	O
1984	O
and	O
discontinued	O
later	O
that	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Epoch	B-Device
Game	I-Device
Pocket	I-Device
Computer	I-Device
was	O
released	O
in	O
Japan	O
in	O
1984	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Game	B-Device
&	I-Device
Watch	I-Device
was	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
60	O
handheld	B-Application
consoles	I-Application
that	O
contained	O
a	O
single	O
game	O
in	O
each	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
the	O
other	O
handheld	B-Application
consoles	I-Application
in	O
the	O
second	O
generation	O
,	O
the	O
Game	B-Device
&	I-Device
Watch	I-Device
had	O
a	O
segmented	O
LCD	B-Device
screen	I-Device
similar	O
to	O
a	O
digital	O
watch	O
which	O
limited	O
the	O
display	O
to	O
the	O
configuration	O
of	O
the	O
segments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
series	O
sold	O
a	O
combined	O
43.4	O
million	O
units	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
handheld	B-Application
of	O
the	O
generation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Advanced	B-Application
Dungeons	I-Application
and	I-Application
Dragons	I-Application
:	I-Application
Cloudy	I-Application
Mountain	I-Application
(	O
Intellivision	B-Operating_System
)	O
by	O
Mattel	B-Operating_System
Electronics	I-Operating_System
won	O
an	O
award	O
in	O
the	O
"	O
1984	O
Best	O
Adventure	B-Application
Videogame	O
"	O
category	O
at	O
the	O
5th	O
Annual	O
Arkie	O
Awards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
Intellivision	B-Operating_System
cartridge	B-Protocol
to	O
have	O
more	O
than	O
4K	O
of	O
ROM	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adventure	B-Application
(	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
)	O
by	O
Atari	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
action-adventure	O
video	O
game	O
and	O
first	O
console	O
fantasy	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
advancement	O
of	O
home	O
video	O
games	O
and	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
best	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
titles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Asteroids	B-Application
(	O
arcade	O
port	O
)	O
(	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
)	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
game	O
on	O
the	O
2600	O
to	O
utilize	O
the	O
bank	B-General_Concept
switching	I-General_Concept
technique	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Baseball	B-Application
(	O
Intellivision	B-Operating_System
)	O
by	O
Mattel	O
was	O
the	O
console	O
's	O
best	O
selling	O
title	O
with	O
over	O
one	O
million	O
copies	O
sold	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Demon	B-Application
Attack	I-Application
(	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
)	O
by	O
Imagic	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
1983	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
best	O
selling	O
game	O
and	O
is	O
considered	O
a	O
classic	O
of	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Donkey	B-Application
Kong	I-Application
(	O
arcade	O
port	O
)	O
(	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
)	O
by	O
Coleco	O
was	O
praised	O
highly	O
for	O
being	O
very	O
faithful	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
arcade	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Critics	O
considered	O
it	O
the	O
best	O
version	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
,	O
Atari	O
and	O
Intellivision	B-Operating_System
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
E.T.	B-Application
</s>
<s>
the	O
Extra-Terrestrial	O
(	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
)	O
released	O
in	O
1982	O
and	O
is	O
often	O
accredited	O
to	O
being	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
worst	O
games	O
of	O
all	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsurgeon	B-Application
(	O
Intellivision	B-Operating_System
)	O
by	O
Imagic	O
was	O
praised	O
highly	O
for	O
its	O
originality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Missile	B-Application
Command	I-Application
(	O
arcade	O
port	O
)	O
(	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
)	O
by	O
Atari	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
1981	O
and	O
sold	O
more	O
than	O
2.5	O
million	O
copies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pitfall	B-Application
!	I-Application
</s>
<s>
(	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
)	O
by	O
Activision	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
1982	O
,	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
best	O
selling	O
games	O
for	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
,	O
selling	O
over	O
4	O
million	O
copies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pitfall	B-Application
II	I-Application
:	I-Application
Lost	I-Application
Caverns	I-Application
(	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
)	O
by	O
Activision	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
1984	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
technically	O
impressive	O
titles	O
for	O
the	O
2600	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
came	O
with	O
a	O
specialized	O
audio	O
chip	O
on	O
the	O
cartridge	B-Protocol
that	O
allowed	O
for	O
advanced	O
music	O
capabilities	O
where	O
music	O
could	O
be	O
changed	O
dynamically	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
River	B-Application
Raid	I-Application
(	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
)	O
by	O
Activision	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
video	O
game	O
to	O
be	O
banned	O
for	O
minors	O
in	O
West	O
Germany	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
this	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
still	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
titles	O
for	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
and	O
won	O
an	O
award	O
for	O
"	O
1984	O
Best	O
Action	O
Videogame	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Space	B-Application
Invaders	I-Application
(	O
arcade	O
port	O
)	O
(	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
)	O
by	O
Taito	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
official	O
licensing	O
of	O
an	O
arcade	O
game	O
and	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
"	O
killer	O
app	O
"	O
for	O
video	B-Device
game	I-Device
consoles	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
release	O
saw	O
sales	O
of	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
quadruple	O
and	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
title	O
to	O
sell	O
1	O
million	O
copies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Star	B-Application
Wars	I-Application
:	I-Application
The	I-Application
Empire	I-Application
Strikes	I-Application
Back	I-Application
(	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
)	O
by	O
Parker	O
Brothers	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
officially	O
licensed	O
video	O
game	O
of	O
the	O
Star	B-Application
Wars	I-Application
franchise	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Utopia	B-Application
(	O
Intellivision	B-Operating_System
)	O
by	O
Don	O
Daglow	O
is	O
often	O
credited	O
with	O
being	O
the	O
first	O
real-time	O
strategy	O
that	O
laid	O
the	O
foundation	O
for	O
many	O
games	O
within	O
the	O
genre	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zaxxon	B-Application
(	O
arcade	O
port	O
)	O
(	O
ColecoVision	B-Device
)	O
by	O
Sega	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
home	O
console	O
game	O
to	O
utilize	O
isometric	B-Application
graphics	I-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
